بررسی اثر موسیقی درمانی بر کاهش بی‌قراری در مبتالیان به آلزایمر ساکن در خانه‌های سالمندان

Background: Patients recovering from craniotomy in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) are at risk of hemodynamic changes related to stress responses, neurological impairment, pain, and environmental stimuli. A combination of music therapy and hand massage may help maintain hemodynamic stability in these patients. Objective: To describe the application of combined music therapy and hand massage to support hemodynamic stability in post-craniotomy patients in the ICU. Methods: This evidence-based nursing intervention was implemented with three post-craniotomy patients admitted to the ICU of Abdul Wahab Sjahranie Regional General Hospital, Samarinda. The intervention consisted of 15 minutes of instrumental or classical music followed by 15 minutes of effleurage hand massage. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), and oxygen saturation (SpO₂) were measured before and after each intervention. The intervention was conducted over three days, with each patient’s clinical changes monitored. Results: The case study findings indicated greater stability in blood pressure, MAP, HR, RR, and SpO₂ following the intervention. Conclusion: Combined music therapy and hand massage may be a safe, non-pharmacological intervention to support nursing care and maintain hemodynamic stability in post-craniotomy patients. Further research is needed to assess its effects on other outcomes, including biochemical changes.

This survey aimed to examine the association between online social participation and attitudes toward aging among older adults within the Chinese socio‑cultural context. Stratified multi‑stage cluster sampling was adopted to obtain sample data. Multiple Linear Regression Model was employed to analyze the factors influencing older adults’ attitudes toward aging. Propensity Score Matching (PSM) was employed to estimate the Average Treatment Effect on the Treated (ATT) of online social participation on aging attitudes. (1) Among the 1,261 respondents, the mean score of attitude toward aging was 10.76 (SD = 5.55, possible range: 0‑20), with 45.0% reporting engagement in online social participation. (2) Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that online social participation, educational level, monthly income, marital status, chronic conditions, and self‑rated health were significant predictors of aging attitudes ( p < 0.01). (3) The ATT values estimated via kernel, radius and nearest neighbor methods were 1.6318, 1.5610 and 1.5549, respectively. (1) Older adults exhibit a relatively low overall level of online social participation, suggesting the necessity of further popularization and improvement. (2) Marital status, educational level, monthly income, self-rated health, and chronic conditions are significant influencing factors of aging attitudes among older adults. (3) Online social participation is significantly positively associated with older adults’ attitude toward aging.

Context and relevance. The study investigates the contributions of Lev Vygotsky's cultural-historical theory to Brazilian special/inclusive education, particularly regarding the constitution of the subject with autism in school contexts. The theoretical framework is grounded in the concepts of drama, freedom and singularity, understanding the schooling process as a privileged pathway of human (trans)formation. Objective. To analyse how pedagogical knowledge impacts the constitution of the child with autism, based on the notion of constitutive singularity. Hypothesis. The schooling process anchored in critical-emancipatory pedagogical knowledge operates as a promoter of the subject's humanisation, in opposition to traditional clinical approaches that reduce the subject to diagnosis and to ableist perspectives that position them in a state of devaluation. Methods and materials. The research, adopting a cultural-historical approach, was configured as intervention-research with an eight-year-old student with autism, enrolled in the second year of primary education. Video recordings, audio recordings, photographs, field diaries and interviews with the teacher, the child and his mother were utilised. Data were analysed through the microgenetic approach. Results. The analysis of two paradigmatic episodes of story retelling through illustration and physical education class evidences that the child, upon inserting personal elements into school tasks, manifests his will and singularises himself, expressing the drama of the social personality as a struggle for existence. Conclusions. Understanding singularity as a dialectical, historical, cultural and dramatic process allows us to overcome pathologising views and to recognise that disability is not a destiny, but a condition that, in relations with others and with culture, can be transformed into potentiality.

Ageism is a widespread but often overlooked form of discrimination that can manifest both positively and negatively in healthcare. In clinical practice, discriminatory attitudes towards older adult can impact the quality and equality of medical care. Empathy plays a crucial role in mitigating such biases among physicians. This study aimed to evaluate the attitudes of family physicians toward age discrimination and to assess the relationship between these attitudes and physicians’ empathy levels, along with the influence of various sociodemographic factors. A descriptive, cross-sectional survey was conducted between May and August 2021 among family physicians, residents, and specialists working in Samsun, Turkey. Data were collected via online, phone, or face-to-face surveys using the Attitude Scale of Age Discrimination (ASAD) and the Jefferson Scale of Physician Empathy – Health Professional version (JSPE-HP). A total of 299 physicians participated. Participants exhibited high levels of empathy (mean JSPE: 81.6±9.49) and generally positive attitudes toward older adults (mean ASAD: 88.19±8.65). Age, gender, and professional experience significantly influenced both empathy and ageism scores. Older, female, and more experienced physicians showed more empathetic and less ageist attitudes. A statistically significant, low-level positive correlation was found between empathy and positive attitudes toward older adults.

Introduction This study examined the moderating role of positive emotion in the relationship between trait-like stress reactivity and negative emotion, and whether this moderating effect varies by cognitive performance and cognitive decline across nine years. Methods Using data from 2,041 participants in the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) study (mean age = 65.52 years), hierarchical regression models were conducted to predict negative emotion from trait-like stress reactivity, positive emotion, and their interaction, controlling for age, gender, years of education, depressed mood, and neuroticism. Simple slope analyses were conducted to test the direction of significant interactions. Analyses were repeated within subgroups of cognitive performance and cognitive decline across 9 years. Results The interaction between positive emotion and trait-like stress reactivity was significant, with higher positive emotion associated with a weaker relationship between stress reactivity and negative emotion. This moderating effect was observed across low, moderate, and high cognitive performance groups; a three-way interaction further indicated that the moderating effect becomes stronger as cognitive performance increases. For cognitive decline, the moderating effect was significant only among individuals with relatively greater cognitive decline, although the three-way interaction was not significant. Conclusion Positive emotion may buffer the relationship between trait-level stress reactivity and negative emotion across the cognitive performance range, although this moderating effect appears weaker at lower cognitive performance. Findings for cognitive decline were less conclusive, as a subgroup-specific association among participants with greater decline was not confirmed when cognitive decline was analyzed as a continuous moderator.