Dharmas Education Journal (DE_Journal)

Social-emotional development is a crucial aspect of early childhood influenced by parenting styles. This study aims to describe parents' parenting styles, children's social-emotional development, and the obstacles encountered in supporting this development at PAUD Bustanul Huda, Pagar Puding Village. This research employed a qualitative approach with a descriptive type. Data were collected through interviews with one class A teacher and five parents, coded as A, B, C, D, and E. Data analysis techniques included data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results indicated that: 1) Most parents applied democratic parenting by providing explanations, setting rules, and training children's independence, although authoritarian and permissive styles were also found; 2) Children aged 4-5 years have shown good social-emotional development, characterized by sharing ability, adapting without crying when separating from parents, and independence; 3) The main obstacles were unmonitored gadget use, parents' limited time, and inconsistency in parenting between home and school.

رشد اجتماعی‌عاطفی یکی از جنبه‌های اساسی دوران کودکی است که تحت تأثیر سبک‌های فرزندپروری قرار می‌گیرد. هدف این پژوهش توصیف سبک‌های فرزندپروری والدین، رشد اجتماعی‌عاطفی کودکان و موانع موجود در حمایت از این رشد در مرکز پیش‌دبستانی بوستان‌الهدی، روستای پگار پودینگ است. این پژوهش با رویکرد کیفی و از نوع توصیفی انجام شده است. داده‌ها از طریق مصاحبه با یک معلم کلاس الف و پنج نفر از والدین (با کدهای A، B، C، D و E) گردآوری شد. تکنیک‌های تحلیل داده شامل کاهش داده، ارائه داده و نتیجه‌گیری بود. نتایج نشان داد: ۱) اکثر والدین از سبک فرزندپروری دموکراتیک با ارائه توضیح، تعیین قوانین و آموزش استقلال به کودکان استفاده می‌کنند، هرچند سبک‌های استبدادی و سهل‌گیرانه نیز مشاهده شد؛ ۲) کودکان ۴ تا ۵ ساله رشد اجتماعی‌عاطفی مطلوبی نشان داده‌اند که با توانایی اشتراک‌گذاری، سازگاری بدون گریه هنگام جدایی از والدین و استقلال مشخص می‌شود؛ ۳) مهم‌ترین موانع، استفاده کنترل‌نشده از ابزارهای دیجیتال، محدودیت زمانی والدین و ناهماهنگی در فرزندپروری بین خانه و مدرسه بود.

Curriculum changes in Indonesia place assessment as a key supporting factor in the learning process, as it provides authentic information on student competency development and helps teachers design more effective and targeted learning. This study aims to describe the English language assessment process in the Merdeka curriculum, which includes diagnostic, formative, and summative assessments. The approach used included a literature review, gathering information through exploration of various sources. Content analysis was used to analyze the data. The research findings revealed that in addition to the form of English assessment, there were also changes in assessment: non-cognitive diagnostic assessment and cognitive assessment were removed at the beginning of the 2021 Merdeka curriculum implementation in the second year, 2022. Formative and summative assessments were then continued in the first year of the Merdeka curriculum implementation in 2021 until 2025 using an in-depth learning approach. Formative assessments are conducted during the learning process, while summative assessments are conducted after a certain learning period. Teachers must conduct diagnostic, formative, and summative assessments to understand the strengths and weaknesses of student learning throughout the learning process and adapt teaching to each student's abilities and characteristics. The research results can be used as a reference for implementing assessment in the Merdeka curriculum