Dynamic analysis of mother–preschooler interactions: Understanding its role in the associations between maternal emotion dysregulation and child psychopathology

This study examines the relationship between cognitive processes and job performance in teachers at the Cruz del Norte Educational Unit, focusing on attention, planning, organization, anxiety, and job stress. A mixed-method design was applied, combining quantitative and qualitative techniques such as psychometric tests, Pearson correlation, multiple regression analysis, Student’s t-test, the Delphi method, and the Ishikawa diagram. The results show that executive functions, particularly planning and organization, have a significant positive impact on job performance. Teachers with higher levels of these skills demonstrate better performance, with strong correlations (r = 0.72, p = 0.001; r = 0.65, p = 0.003). In contrast, anxiety and stress act as limiting factors. Multiple regression analysis indicates that anxiety (β = -0.4946, p < 0.0001) and stress (β = -0.3721, p < 0.001) negatively predict job performance. Additionally, job indiscipline—reflected in absenteeism and lateness—shows a strong negative correlation with performance (r = -0.74, p < 0.000). These findings highlight the importance of time management and organizational commitment, as well as the need to implement training and psychological support strategies to improve teacher performance and educational quality.

این مطالعه به بررسی رابطه بین فرایندهای شناختی و عملکرد شغلی در معلمان واحد آموزشی Cruz del Norte می‌پردازد و بر توجه، برنامه‌ریزی، سازمان‌دهی، اضطراب و استرس شغلی تمرکز دارد. از طرح پژوهشی ترکیبی استفاده شده است که تکنیک‌های کمی و کیفی مانند آزمون‌های روان‌سنجی، همبستگی پیرسون، تحلیل رگرسیون چندگانه، آزمون t استیودنت، روش دلفی و نمودار ایشیکاوا را ترکیب می‌کند. نتایج نشان می‌دهد که کارکردهای اجرایی، به‌ویژه برنامه‌ریزی و سازمان‌دهی، تأثیر مثبت معناداری بر عملکرد شغلی دارند. معلمانی که سطوح بالاتری از این مهارت‌ها را دارا هستند، عملکرد بهتری از خود نشان می‌دهند و همبستگی‌های قوی (r = ۰.۷۲, p = ۰.۰۰۱؛ r = ۰.۶۵, p = ۰.۰۰۳) مشاهده شده است. در مقابل، اضطراب و استرس به‌عنوان عوامل محدودکننده عمل می‌کنند. تحلیل رگرسیون چندگانه نشان می‌دهد که اضطراب (β = -۰.۴۹۴۶, p < ۰.۰۰۰۱) و استرس (β = -۰.۳۷۲۱, p < ۰.۰۰۱) پیش‌بینی‌کننده منفی عملکرد شغلی هستند. همچنین، بی‌انضباطی شغلی—که در غیبت و تأخیر منعکس می‌شود—همبستگی منفی قوی با عملکرد دارد (r = -۰.۷۴, p < ۰.۰۰۰). این یافته‌ها اهمیت مدیریت زمان و تعهد سازمانی و همچنین ضرورت اجرای راهبردهای آموزشی و حمایت روان‌شناختی برای بهبود عملکرد معلمان و کیفیت آموزشی را برجسته می‌کند.

This study examines the relationship between cognitive processes and job performance in teachers at the Cruz del Norte Educational Unit, focusing on attention, planning, organization, anxiety, and job stress. A mixed-method design was applied, combining quantitative and qualitative techniques such as psychometric tests, Pearson correlation, multiple regression analysis, Student’s t-test, the Delphi method, and the Ishikawa diagram. The results show that executive functions, particularly planning and organization, have a significant positive impact on job performance. Teachers with higher levels of these skills demonstrate better performance, with strong correlations (r = 0.72, p = 0.001; r = 0.65, p = 0.003). In contrast, anxiety and stress act as limiting factors. Multiple regression analysis indicates that anxiety (β = -0.4946, p < 0.0001) and stress (β = -0.3721, p < 0.001) negatively predict job performance. Additionally, job indiscipline—reflected in absenteeism and lateness—shows a strong negative correlation with performance (r = -0.74, p < 0.000). These findings highlight the importance of time management and organizational commitment, as well as the need to implement training and psychological support strategies to improve teacher performance and educational quality.

این مطالعه به بررسی رابطه بین فرایندهای شناختی و عملکرد شغلی در معلمان واحد آموزشی Cruz del Norte می‌پردازد و بر توجه، برنامه‌ریزی، سازمان‌دهی، اضطراب و استرس شغلی تمرکز دارد. از طرح پژوهشی ترکیبی استفاده شده است که تکنیک‌های کمی و کیفی مانند آزمون‌های روان‌سنجی، همبستگی پیرسون، تحلیل رگرسیون چندگانه، آزمون t استیودنت، روش دلفی و نمودار ایشیکاوا را ترکیب می‌کند. نتایج نشان می‌دهد که کارکردهای اجرایی، به‌ویژه برنامه‌ریزی و سازمان‌دهی، تأثیر مثبت معناداری بر عملکرد شغلی دارند. معلمانی که سطوح بالاتری از این مهارت‌ها را دارا هستند، عملکرد بهتری از خود نشان می‌دهند و همبستگی‌های قوی (r = ۰.۷۲, p = ۰.۰۰۱؛ r = ۰.۶۵, p = ۰.۰۰۳) مشاهده شده است. در مقابل، اضطراب و استرس به‌عنوان عوامل محدودکننده عمل می‌کنند. تحلیل رگرسیون چندگانه نشان می‌دهد که اضطراب (β = -۰.۴۹۴۶, p < ۰.۰۰۰۱) و استرس (β = -۰.۳۷۲۱, p < ۰.۰۰۱) پیش‌بینی‌کننده منفی عملکرد شغلی هستند. همچنین، بی‌انضباطی شغلی—که در غیبت و تأخیر منعکس می‌شود—همبستگی منفی قوی با عملکرد دارد (r = -۰.۷۴, p < ۰.۰۰۰). این یافته‌ها اهمیت مدیریت زمان و تعهد سازمانی و همچنین ضرورت اجرای راهبردهای آموزشی و حمایت روان‌شناختی برای بهبود عملکرد معلمان و کیفیت آموزشی را برجسته می‌کند.

Early childhood is a critical period for emotional development and behavioral regulation. Increasing digital device use among young children has raised concerns about its association with tantrum behavior, although research examining addiction-related use rather than screen duration alone remains limited. This study aimed to examine the relationship between gadget addiction levels and tantrum behavior among children aged 4–6 years at Widya Santhi Buana Kindergarten, West Denpasar District. A quantitative correlational approach with a cross-sectional design was employed, involving 45 parents or guardians recruited through total sampling. Data were collected on April 15, 2026, through online questionnaires administered using Google Forms. The instruments comprised an adapted Digital Addiction Scale for Children with 25 items, which demonstrated high internal consistency during pilot testing (Cronbach’s α = .977), and the 31-item Rating Scale of Angry Emotional Behavior and Temper Tantrum. Univariate analysis summarized the distributions of gadget addiction levels and tantrum behavior, while Spearman’s rank correlation assessed their relationship. The results showed that 48.9% of children were classified as having moderate gadget addiction levels. Regarding tantrum behavior, 53.3% were classified as exhibiting no tantrum behavior, whereas 22.2% were classified as exhibiting severe tantrum behavior. A strong, positive, and statistically significant correlation was identified between gadget addiction levels and tantrum behavior (ρ = .641, p < .001). Higher parent-reported gadget addiction levels were therefore associated with greater tantrum severity within the participating group. The cross-sectional design and reliance on parent-reported measures limit causal interpretation. These findings may inform parent education concerning supervised device use and consistent family rules. Further research should include larger samples, examine parenting styles and other relevant factors, and use longitudinal designs to clarify the direction of the relationship.

Transitioning out of professional sport can present challenges for athletes and their wider environments, frequently necessitating coordinated physical, psychological, and economic support. Although these concerns have been documented in elite cycling, the extent to which structured transition programmes exist within the sport remains insufficiently understood, particularly in Europe, the historical centre of professional cycling. We conducted a cross-sectional qualitative documentary analysis, distributing a standardised inquiry to all European Cycling Federations (ECFs; N = 51) between December 2024-March 2025. Federations were asked whether they had formal strategies, policies, or resources related to athlete retirement. Responses were categorised as “ECF-level literature or initiative”, “No ECF-level provision”, or “No response” and relevant materials were descriptively synthesised. Amongst the 21 federations that responded, the majority (n = 17; ≈81%) reported no ECF-level retirement initiatives. Common reasons included limited resources, low perceived demand, or reliance on national or international bodies (i.e., Olympic Committees or sport-specific unions). Four ECFs (~19%) described transition-related structures, though these varied considerably in scope, definition, and delivery. Despite well-documented needs, structured retirement support for professional cyclists remains uncommon across European national federations, and existing programmes appear heterogeneously applied. As cycling expands globally, effective transition planning becomes increasingly important for athlete wellbeing and the long-term sustainability of the sport. Holistic, international collaborations led by cycling’s major governance bodies could strengthen career-long support systems, reinforce the public image of cycling as a health-promoting discipline, and create responsible, athlete-centered ecosystems.

Background: Patients with chronic kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis frequently experience physical and psychological complaints that may affect their sleep quality. Uremic pruritus, restless legs syndrome, anxiety, and post-hemodialysis fatigue are potential factors that may disrupt sleep quality. Objective: This study aimed to identify the factors influencing the sleep quality of patients with chronic kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis at Bahteramas Regional General Hospital, Southeast Sulawesi Province. Methods: This study employed a quantitative analytical approach with a cross-sectional design. The sample consisted of 83 respondents. Data were collected using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), 5-D Itch Scale, International Restless Legs Syndrome Rating Scale (IRLS), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-Anxiety (HADS-A), and a post-hemodialysis fatigue assessment instrument. Data were analyzed using the Chi-square test and binary logistic regression. Results: Bivariate analysis showed that uremic pruritus (p = 0.046), restless legs syndrome (p = 0.015), anxiety (p = 0.029), and post-hemodialysis fatigue (p = 0.049) were statistically significant factors associated with sleep quality. Simultaneously, the four variables had a statistically significant effect on sleep quality (p = 0.007), with a Nagelkerke R Square value of 0.217. In the multivariable analysis, only anxiety showed a statistically significant independent effect (p = 0.019). Conclusion: Uremic pruritus, restless legs syndrome, anxiety, and post-hemodialysis fatigue were statistically associated with sleep quality in the bivariate analysis. The four variables were jointly significant in the multivariable model, whereas only anxiety remained statistically significant after adjustment for the other variables.