Mahmoud Abd El Fattah Ibrahim Essa

Arabic for Specific Purposes (ASP) connects language instruction with learners’ academic or occupational domains, but adapting specialized contexts for absolute beginners presents a design problem: disciplinary relevance may introduce linguistic demands that exceed the learners’ capacity. This conceptual paper proposes a curriculum-aligned procedure for contextualizing elementary Arabic conversation tasks for university accounting students without claiming to teach technical accounting discourse. Drawing on scholarship concerning ASP, needs analysis, task-based language teaching, constructive alignment, and beginner-level interaction, it develops a four-stage procedure: identify a communicative function, select a plausible accounting-related context, check linguistic and interactional demands, and specify observable evidence of performance. Six illustrative task adaptations demonstrate its application to introductions, occupations, locations, colleagues, appointments, and documents. These tasks are original, hypothetical designs rather than observed classroom activities or responses to empirically established learner needs. A proposed set of decision checks distinguishes contextual relevance from occupational authenticity, and genuine oral exchange from scripted reproduction. The framework offers a bounded starting point for needs analysis, expert review, and empirical evaluation.

عربی برای مقاصد خاص (ASP) آموزش زبان را با حوزه‌های آکادمیک یا شغلی زبان‌آموزان پیوند می‌دهد، اما تطبیق زمینه‌های تخصصی برای مبتدیان مطلق یک مسئله طراحی ایجاد می‌کند: ارتباط دیسیپلین‌محور ممکن است الزامات زبانی را فراتر از ظرفیت زبان‌آموزان وارد کند. این مقاله مفهومی، رویه‌ای هم‌راستا با برنامه درسی را برای زمینه‌سازی تکالیف مکالمه عربی مقدماتی برای دانشجویان حسابداری دانشگاهی پیشنهاد می‌کند، بدون آنکه ادعای آموزش گفتمان حسابداری فنی را داشته باشد. با استناد به پژوهش‌های مربوط به ASP، تحلیل نیازها، آموزش زبان مبتنی بر تکلیف، هم‌سازگاری سازنده‌گرا و تعامل در سطح مبتدی، رویه‌ای چهارمرحله‌ای توسعه می‌یابد: شناسایی یک کارکرد ارتباطی، انتخاب یک زمینه قابل قبول مرتبط با حسابداری، بررسی الزامات زبانی و تعاملی، و مشخص کردن شواهد قابل مشاهده از عملکرد. شش نمونه تطبیق تکلیف، کاربرد آن را در معرفی‌ها، مشاغل، مکان‌ها، همکاران، قرارها و اسناد نشان می‌دهد. این تکالیف طراحی‌های اصیل و فرضی هستند، نه فعالیت‌های کلاسی مشاهده‌شده یا پاسخ‌هایی به نیازهای زبان‌آموزان که از نظر تجربی ثابت شده‌اند. مجموعه‌ای از چک‌لیست‌های تصمیم‌گیری پیشنهادی، ارتباط زمینه‌ای را از اصالت شغلی، و تبادل شفاهی واقعی را از بازتولید سناریو-محور تمایز می‌دهد. این چارچوب یک نقطه شروع محدود برای تحلیل نیازها، بازبینی توسط متخصصان و ارزیابی تجربی ارائه می‌دهد.

This study examines linguistic and stylistic over-elaboration in beginner Arabic writing produced during a classroom task permitting generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) and electronic translation. The study emerged from an Arabic language course involving undergraduate accounting students at Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Terengganu Branch, Malaysia. Students were instructed to write a simple birthday invitation addressed to friends, using accessible vocabulary and including specified invitation elements. During the review of approximately 100 submissions, the instructor observed recurring instances of vocabulary, courtesy expressions, and sentence formulations that appeared more sophisticated or formal than expected for the learners' proficiency and the task's communicative purpose. Adopting an exploratory qualitative approach, the study draws on these professional classroom observations, supplemented by the direct examination of three available invitation texts. The analysis considers lexical overreach, stylistic over-elaboration, unnecessary syntactic complexity, register mismatch, and learner-level appropriateness. The findings highlight a pedagogical distinction between linguistic correctness and the suitability of written expression for a beginner's level and communicative situation. They also suggest that apparently sophisticated writing should not automatically be interpreted as evidence of independent linguistic proficiency. Because individual tool use and writing processes were not documented, the study does not attribute particular expressions to GenAI or establish causal effects.

Classroom participation in beginner Arabic courses is often interpreted through the number of students who answer questions aloud. This conceptual and practice-oriented paper argues that such a measure obscures differences between willingness to communicate, linguistic capacity, and the opportunity to participate. Drawing on research in Arabic learning, willingness to communicate, classroom discourse, interaction, and corrective feedback, it develops a barrier–indicator–response matrix for teacher decision-making. Six barriers are paired with provisional observable indicators, proportionate instructional responses, and limits on the evidence supporting each response. Three hypothetical Arabic classroom applications illustrate how the matrix can guide preparation, participation opportunities, and feedback without turning visible participation into a proxy for learning. The matrix is a heuristic rather than a validated diagnostic or intervention instrument. Future observational and intervention studies are needed to test its utility in beginner Arabic settings.