مرور مقاله‌ها

Liberal Arts Associate Professor Will Rupp highlights how participating in a Liberal Arts programme can support and nurture planners, doers and critical thinkers of the future. Reflecting on 10 years of Liberal Arts programmes at Warwick, Will has seen how students from many different backgrounds have brought their own experiences to develop and explore a wide range of disciplines, with graduates going into so many different careers and each changing their complex worlds in interdisciplinary ways.

ویل راپ، دانشیار هنرهای لیبرال، تأکید می‌کند که شرکت در یک برنامه هنرهای لیبرال می‌تواند از برنامه‌ریزان، عمل‌گرایان و متفکران انتقادی آینده حمایت و پرورش کند. ویل با بازتاب در ۱۰ سال برنامه هنرهای لیبرال در واریک، مشاهده کرده است که دانشجویان از پیشینه‌های مختلف، تجربیات خود را برای توسعه و کاوش در طیف وسیعی از رشته‌ها به همراه آورده‌اند و فارغ‌التحصیلان در مشاغل بسیار متفاوتی وارد شده و هر کدام جهان‌های پیچیده خود را به روش‌های بین‌رشته‌ای تغییر داده‌اند.

In this paper, we present findings from an interactive workshop at the 2024 International Society for the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning (ISSOTL) conference that aimed to develop a global roadmap to advance the awareness and appreciation of the scholarship of teaching and learning (SoTL). While some institutions have successfully embedded SoTL into their cultural fabric, challenges persist in many academic contexts where SoTL remains misunderstood as a cross-discipline field of scholarship and research as well as undervalued as a change-making enterprise. Through collaborative activities, workshop participants explored systemic barriers, misunderstandings, and effective strategies from diverse institutional perspectives. The findings highlight actionable steps for institutions, administrators, and faculty to align their efforts, bridge knowledge gaps, and further elevate SoTL as a recognized scholarly pursuit. We also propose practical suggestions to support SoTL initiatives, enhance institutional commitment, and foster cross-institutional collaborations.

در این مقاله، یافته‌های حاصل از کارگاه تعاملی در کنفرانس بین‌المللی انجمن دانش‌پژوهی تدریس و یادگیری (ISSOTL) سال ۲۰۲۴ را ارائه می‌دهیم که با هدف تدوین یک نقشه راه جهانی برای ارتقای آگاهی و قدردانی از دانش‌پژوهی تدریس و یادگیری (SoTL) برگزار شد. اگرچه برخی نهادهای آموزشی موفق به نهادینه‌سازی SoTL در بافت فرهنگی خود شده‌اند، چالش‌هایی در بسیاری از زمینه‌های آکادمیک همچنان پابرجاست که در آن‌ها SoTL به‌عنوان یک حوزه دانش‌پژوهی و پژوهش میان‌رشته‌ای درک نادرستی شده و به‌عنوان یک کوشش تغییرآفرین نیز دست‌کم گرفته می‌شود. شرکت‌کنندگان کارگاه از طریق فعالیت‌های مشارکتی، موانع سیستمی، برداشت‌های نادرست و راهبردهای مؤثر را از دیدگاه‌های نهادی متنوع بررسی کردند. یافته‌ها گام‌های عملیاتی را برای نهادهای آموزشی، مدیران و اعضای هیئت علمی جهت همسوسازی تلاش‌ها، پر کردن شکاف‌های دانشی و ارتقای بیشتر جایگاه SoTL به‌عنوان یک پیگیری علمی شناخته‌شده برجسته می‌سازند. ما همچنین پیشنهادهای کاربردی را برای حمایت از ابتکارات SoTL، تقویت تعهد نهادی و ترویج همکاری‌های میان‌نهادی ارائه می‌دهیم.

Objective: The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of an intervention based on Thessalian traditional music on the development of intercultural sensitivity among students, with the aim of examining whether culturally grounded music education can support intercultural learning. Theoretical Framework: The study is grounded in intercultural education, particularly the view that meaningful engagement with culturally diverse forms of expression can promote cultural awareness. Method: The methodology adopted for this research comprises literature review and research methodology. A quantitative pretest–posttest intervention study was conducted with 40 students aged 10–12 years attending a Music School in Greece. Data collection was carried out through administration of Intercultural Sensitivity Scale before and after a music-based intervention. Results and Discussion: The results obtained revealed a statistically significant increase in students’ overall intercultural sensitivity. A statistically significant improvement was observed among girls, whereas no statistically significant change was observed among boys. Research Implications: The practical and theoretical implications of this research are discussed, providing insights into how the results can be applied or influence practices in the field of intercultural education. These implications could encompass enhancement of intercultural sensitivity and promotion of the social inclusion of individuals from diverse cultural backgrounds. Originality/Value: This study contributes to the literature by providing empirical evidence on the use of Thessalian traditional music as an educational tool for enhancing intercultural sensitivity among students. The relevance and value of this research are evidenced by demonstrating how culturally grounded music interventions can support intercultural and inclusive education.

هدف: هدف این پژوهش بررسی تأثیر مداخله‌ای مبتنی بر موسیقی سنتی تسالی بر توسعه حساسیت بین‌فرهنگی در میان دانشجویان است و با هدف بررسی این موضوع انجام شده است که آیا آموزش موسیقی مبتنی بر فرهنگ می‌تواند از یادگیری بین‌فرهنگی حمایت کند. چارچوب نظری: این مطالعه بر پایه آموزش بین‌فرهنگی استوار است، به‌ویژه با این دیدگاه که مشارکت معنادار با اشکال بیان متنوع فرهنگی می‌تواند آگاهی فرهنگی را ارتقا دهد. روش: روش‌شناسی به‌کار رفته در این پژوهش شامل مرور ادبیات و روش‌شناسی پژوهش است. یک مطالعه مداخله‌ای کمی پیش‌آزمون-پس‌آزمون با ۴۰ دانش‌آموز ۱۰ تا ۱۲ ساله که در یک مدرسه موسیقی در یونان تحصیل می‌کردند، انجام شد. گردآوری داده‌ها از طریق administering مقیاس حساسیت بین‌فرهنگی قبل و بعد از یک مداخله مبتنی بر موسیقی انجام گرفت. نتایج و بحث: نتایج به‌دست‌آمده نشان‌دهنده افزایش معنادار آماری در حساسیت بین‌فرهنگی کلی دانشجویان بود. بهبود معنادار آماری در میان دختران مشاهده شد، در حالی که تغییر معنادار آماری در میان پسران مشاهده نشد. پیامدهای پژوهشی: پیامدهای عملی و نظری این پژوهش مورد بحث قرار گرفته است و بینش‌هایی درباره چگونگی کاربرد نتایج یا تأثیر آن‌ها بر شیوه‌ها در زمینه آموزش بین‌فرهنگی ارائه می‌دهد. این پیامدها می‌توانند شامل ارتقای حساسیت بین‌فرهنگی و ترویج ادغام اجتماعی افراد با پیشینه‌های فرهنگی متنوع باشد. اصالت/ارزش: این مطالعه با ارائه شواهد تجربی درباره استفاده از موسیقی سنتی تسالی به‌عنوان یک ابزار آموزشی برای ارتقای حساسیت بین‌فرهنگی در میان دانشجویان، به ادبیات موضوع کمک می‌کند. ارتباط و ارزش این پژوهش با نشان دادن چگونگی حمایت مداخلات موسیقی مبتنی بر فرهنگ از آموزش بین‌فرهنگی و فراگیر، اثبات می‌شود.

Arabic for Specific Purposes (ASP) connects language instruction with learners’ academic or occupational domains, but adapting specialized contexts for absolute beginners presents a design problem: disciplinary relevance may introduce linguistic demands that exceed the learners’ capacity. This conceptual paper proposes a curriculum-aligned procedure for contextualizing elementary Arabic conversation tasks for university accounting students without claiming to teach technical accounting discourse. Drawing on scholarship concerning ASP, needs analysis, task-based language teaching, constructive alignment, and beginner-level interaction, it develops a four-stage procedure: identify a communicative function, select a plausible accounting-related context, check linguistic and interactional demands, and specify observable evidence of performance. Six illustrative task adaptations demonstrate its application to introductions, occupations, locations, colleagues, appointments, and documents. These tasks are original, hypothetical designs rather than observed classroom activities or responses to empirically established learner needs. A proposed set of decision checks distinguishes contextual relevance from occupational authenticity, and genuine oral exchange from scripted reproduction. The framework offers a bounded starting point for needs analysis, expert review, and empirical evaluation.

عربی برای مقاصد خاص (ASP) آموزش زبان را با حوزه‌های آکادمیک یا شغلی زبان‌آموزان پیوند می‌دهد، اما تطبیق زمینه‌های تخصصی برای مبتدیان مطلق یک مسئله طراحی ایجاد می‌کند: ارتباط دیسیپلین‌محور ممکن است الزامات زبانی را فراتر از ظرفیت زبان‌آموزان وارد کند. این مقاله مفهومی، رویه‌ای هم‌راستا با برنامه درسی را برای زمینه‌سازی تکالیف مکالمه عربی مقدماتی برای دانشجویان حسابداری دانشگاهی پیشنهاد می‌کند، بدون آنکه ادعای آموزش گفتمان حسابداری فنی را داشته باشد. با استناد به پژوهش‌های مربوط به ASP، تحلیل نیازها، آموزش زبان مبتنی بر تکلیف، هم‌سازگاری سازنده‌گرا و تعامل در سطح مبتدی، رویه‌ای چهارمرحله‌ای توسعه می‌یابد: شناسایی یک کارکرد ارتباطی، انتخاب یک زمینه قابل قبول مرتبط با حسابداری، بررسی الزامات زبانی و تعاملی، و مشخص کردن شواهد قابل مشاهده از عملکرد. شش نمونه تطبیق تکلیف، کاربرد آن را در معرفی‌ها، مشاغل، مکان‌ها، همکاران، قرارها و اسناد نشان می‌دهد. این تکالیف طراحی‌های اصیل و فرضی هستند، نه فعالیت‌های کلاسی مشاهده‌شده یا پاسخ‌هایی به نیازهای زبان‌آموزان که از نظر تجربی ثابت شده‌اند. مجموعه‌ای از چک‌لیست‌های تصمیم‌گیری پیشنهادی، ارتباط زمینه‌ای را از اصالت شغلی، و تبادل شفاهی واقعی را از بازتولید سناریو-محور تمایز می‌دهد. این چارچوب یک نقطه شروع محدود برای تحلیل نیازها، بازبینی توسط متخصصان و ارزیابی تجربی ارائه می‌دهد.

Digital transformation in madrasahs is commonly understood as administrative efficiency, although any device that regulates students' daily routines can serve as a medium of value education. Disciplinary problems, such as lateness, neglecting attendance, and weak responsibility for presence, persist at MTs Syafiiyah Darussalam even after the madrasah adopted barcode-based attendance. This study analyses the implementation of barcode attendance, the internalisation of disciplinary values it generates, and its supporting factors, obstacles, and implications for Islamic character education. A descriptive qualitative case study design was employed. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with the head of the madrasah, the vice heads for student affairs and curriculum, and teachers, supported by participant observation and attendance documentation. Data were analysed using the interactive model of Miles, Huberman, and Saldaña and validated through source and technique triangulation. Thomas Lickona's character education theory served as the analytical lens. The findings show that barcode attendance accelerates recording and provides transparent time traces, fosters habits of punctuality and orderly attendance, and nurtures an emerging sense of responsibility. Barcode attendance is therefore effective as an instrument for habituating discipline when it is integrated with teacher modelling, supervision, and the articulation of Islamic values

تحول دیجیتال در مدارس دینی (مدrasah) معمولاً به‌عنوان کارآمدی اداری درک می‌شود، اگرچه هر دستگاهی که روال‌های روزانه دانش‌آموزان را تنظیم کند می‌تواند به‌عنوان رسانه‌ای برای آموزش ارزش‌ها عمل کند. مشکلات انضباطی، مانند تأخیر، غفلت از حضور و مسئولیت‌پذیری ضعیف نسبت به حضور، در مدرسه دینی MTs Syafiiyah Darussalam حتی پس از اتخاذ سیستم حضور و غیاب مبتنی بر بارکد همچنان پابرجاست. این پژوهش به تحلیل اجرای حضور و غیاب مبتنی بر بارکد، درونی‌سازی ارزش‌های انضباطی ناشی از آن، و عوامل حمایت‌کننده، موانع و پیامدهای آن برای آموزش شخصیت اسلامی می‌پردازد. از طرح مطالعه موردی توصیفی-کیفی استفاده شد. داده‌ها از طریق مصاحبه‌های عمیق با مدیر مدرسه، معاونین امور دانش‌آموزان و برنامه درسی، و معلمان، همراه با مشاهده مشارکتی و مستندات حضور و غیاب جمع‌آوری شدند. داده‌ها با استفاده از مدل تعاملی Miles، Huberman و Saldaña تحلیل و از طریق مثلث‌سازی منبع و تکنیک اعتبارسنجی شدند. نظریه آموزش شخصیت Thomas Lickona به‌عنوان لنز تحلیلی مورد استفاده قرار گرفت. یافته‌ها نشان می‌دهد که حضور و غیاب مبتنی بر بارکد ثبت را تسریع کرده و ردپای زمانی شفاف ارائه می‌دهد، عادت‌های به‌موقع بودن و حضور منظم را پرورش می‌دهد و حس مسئولیت‌پذیری در حال ظهور را تقویت می‌کند. بنابراین، حضور و غیاب مبتنی بر بارکند زمانی که با الگوسازی معلمان، نظارت و تبیین ارزش‌های اسلامی ادغام شود، به‌عنوان ابزاری برای نهادینه‌سازی انضباط مؤثر است.

This research aims to analyze and compare the effectiveness of authoritarian and democratic leadership styles in improving student discipline in schools. The method employed is a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) using content analysis of ten reputable scientific articles published within the last decade. The results demonstrate that authoritarian leadership tends to produce only instant and fragile compliance based on fear of punishment. Conversely, democratic leadership is proven to be significantly more effective in fostering sustainable discipline by building students' intrinsic awareness through persuasive communication, dialogue, and role modeling. This democratic-transformative pattern successfully cultivates independent, responsible, and emotionally mature student characters. Therefore, democratic leadership is recommended as the primary paradigm in modern educational management to create a conducive school ecosystem.

این پژوهش با هدف تحلیل و مقایسه اثربخشی سبک‌های رهبری استبدادی و دموکراتیک در بهبود نظم دانش‌آموزان در مدارس انجام شده است. روش مورد استفاده، مرور نظامند ادبیات (SLR) با تحلیل محتوای ده مقاله علمی معتبر منتشر شده در دهه اخیر است. نتایج نشان می‌دهد که رهبری استبدادی تمایل دارد تنها اطاعتی لحظه‌ای و شکننده مبتنی بر ترس از تنبیه ایجاد کند. در مقابل، رهبری دموکراتیک در پرورش نظم پایدار از طریق ایجاد آگاهی درونی دانش‌آموزان با استفاده از ارتباطات اقناعی، گفت‌وگو و الگوسازی، به‌طور قابل‌توجهی مؤثرتر ثابت شده است. این الگوی دموکراتیک-تبدیلی موفق به پرورش شخصیت دانش‌آموزانی مستقل، مسئول و از نظر عاطفی بالغ شده است. بنابراین، رهبری دموکراتیک به‌عنوان پارادایم اصلی در مدیریت آموزشی مدرن برای ایجاد اکوسیستم مطلوب مدرسه توصیه می‌شود.

Reinvention an International Journal of Undergraduate Research is delighted to welcome and introduce a new section housing research and critical reflections from the liberal arts, supported by the UK's Liberal Arts Northern Network. The new pairing offers a thoughtful synergy between the scope of research in context and interdisciplinary communication for Reinvnetion and the interdisciplinary and contextual nature of liberal arts study. Dr Caroline Starkey, one of the co-founders of the UK's Liberal Arts Northern Network introduces our new Liberal Arts Special Section, reflecting on the importance and benefits of the interdisciplinary variation of Liberal Arts courses, that many courses have at their hearts an experiential learning approach - where students learn by engaging with, and reflecting on, ‘real world’ tasks. Liberal Arts has a long and consequential history based in the US however the modern formation of Liberal Arts is a relative newcomer to the UK Higher Education scene. Over the past fifteen years or so, nearly forty named Liberal Arts courses have been developed for undergraduate students at UK universities, taking initial inspiration from the long-established US model but reinventing it for the UK. This new special section offers a new insight into the emerging research in Liberal Arts not only in the UK but acorss the world.

مجله بازآفرینی: یک مجله بین‌المللی پژوهش‌های دانشجویی کارشناسی با کمال میل از بخش جدیدی که میزبان پژوهش‌ها و بازتاب‌های انتقادی حوزه علوم انسانی آزاد است، استقبال و معرفی می‌کند. این بخش جدید از حمایت شبکه علوم انسانی شمال بریتانیا برخوردار است. این جفت‌سازی جدید، هم‌افزایی تأمل‌برانگیزی میان دامنه پژوهش در بافتار و ارتباطات بین‌رشته‌ای برای مجله بازآفرینی و ماهیت بین‌رشته‌ای و زمینه‌مند مطالعه علوم انسانی آزاد ایجاد می‌کند. دکتر کارولین استارکی، یکی از بنیان‌گذاران شبکه علوم انسانی شمال بریتانیا، بخش ویژه علوم انسانی آزاد ما را معرفی کرده و با تأمل در اهمیت و مزایای تنوع بین‌رشته‌ای دوره‌های علوم انسانی آزاد، اشاره می‌کند که بسیاری از این دوره‌ها رویکردی مبتنی بر یادگیری تجربی در قلب خود دارند؛ جایی که دانشجویان از طریق درگیر شدن با وظایف «دنیای واقعی» و تأمل بر آن‌ها یاد می‌گیرند. اگرچه علوم انسانی آزاد تاریخچه‌ای طولانی و تأثیرگذار در ایالات متحده دارد، اما شکل‌گیری مدرن آن در صحنه آموزش عالی بریتانیا پدیده‌ای نسبتاً جدید است. در حدود پانزده سال گذشته، نزدیک به چهل دوره نام‌گذاری‌شده علوم انسانی آزاد برای دانشجویان کارشناسی در دانشگاه‌های بریتانیا توسعه یافته است که با الهام اولیه از مدل دیرینه ایالات متحده، آن را برای بریتانیا بازآفرینی کرده‌اند. این بخش ویژه جدید، بینشی نوین به پژوهش‌های نوظهور در حوزه علوم انسانی آزاد نه تنها در بریتانیا، بلکه در سراسر جهان ارائه می‌دهد.

The training of the medical student articulated with the One Health approach and science, technology and society, constitute theoretical references to understand the health-disease process. This review article establishes the objective of arguing the epistemology of the One Health, science, technology and society approaches in Biomedical Basic Sciences. To do this, a search of scientific literature was carried out in the Scopus, SciELO and DOAJ databases, using search engines and Boolean operators. The key words used: One Health, science, technology and society. Original, review and excerpt articles were consulted, mostly from the last five years. A total of 31 references were selected. It can be said that the One Health approach and science, technology and society in the Basic Biomedical Sciences constitute fundamental pillars of the political, economic, cultural and social development of the country. The information obtained allowed us to base the epistemology of these approaches and the integration with Basic Biomedical Sciences for the training of future doctors. The results reveal the importance of these approaches contextualized with health problems that transcend the classroom context to strengthen critical thinking, the development of cognitive, technological, and social skills necessary to face health challenges.

آموزش دانشجویان پزشکی با رویکرد یک سلامت و علم، فناوری و جامعه، به عنوان مراجع نظری برای درک فرآیند سلامت-بیماری عمل می‌کنند. این مقاله مروری هدف خود را بر استدلال در مورد معرفت‌شناسی رویکردهای یک سلامت، علم، فناوری و جامعه در علوم پایه بیومدیکال قرار می‌دهد. برای این منظور، جستجوی ادبیات علمی در پایگاه‌های داده اسکوپوس، سای‌الو و دوج انجام شد و از موتورهای جستجو و عملگرهای بولی استفاده گردید. کلیدواژه‌های مورد استفاده عبارت بودند از: یک سلامت، علم، فناوری و جامعه. مقالات اصلی، مروری و گزینش‌شده، عمدتاً مربوط به پنج سال اخیر، مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. در مجموع ۳۱ مرجع انتخاب شدند. می‌توان گفت که رویکرد یک سلامت و علم، فناوری و جامعه در علوم پایه بیومدیکال، ستون‌های اساسی توسعه سیاسی، اقتصادی، فرهنگی و اجتماعی کشور را تشکیل می‌دهند. اطلاعات به‌دست‌آمده به ما امکان داد تا معرفت‌شناسی این رویکردها و ادغام آن‌ها با علوم پایه بیومدیکال را برای آموزش پزشکان آینده پایه‌ریزی کنیم. نتایج اهمیت این رویکردها را در بافت مشکلات سلامتی که از فضای کلاس درس فراتر می‌روند، برای تقویت تفکر انتقادی و توسعه مهارت‌های شناختی، فناوری و اجتماعی لازم برای مواجهه با چالش‌های سلامت آشکار می‌سازد.

Inclusive education is one of the main challenges facing contemporary educational systems. This article analyzes inclusive education as an educational paradigm shift, and examines the relationship between diversity, educational inclusion, and the right to education. Drawing on different theoretical perspectives, it explores how traditional educational and pedagogical practices have historically sustained mechanisms of normalization and exclusion within schools. It also discusses the transition from the integration paradigm to inclusive education, understood as a transformation of institutional cultures, policies, and practices, aimed at ensuring the full exercise of the right to education. Finally, it argues that building inclusive schools requires profound cultural, political, and pedagogical transformations, that promote participation, learning, and the recognition of diversity as a constitutive principle of democratic education.

آموزش فراگیر یکی از چالش‌های اصلی نظام‌های آموزشی معاصر است. این مقاله، آموزش فراگیر را به‌عنوان یک دگرگونی پارادایم آموزشی تحلیل کرده و رابطه میان تنوع، آموزش فراگیر و حق به آموزش را بررسی می‌کند. با استناد به دیدگاه‌های نظری مختلف، این مقاله کاوش می‌کند که چگونه شیوه‌های آموزشی و پداگوژیک سنتی، به‌طور تاریخی مکانیسم‌های عادی‌سازی و طرد را در مدارس حفظ کرده‌اند. این مقاله همچنین گذار از پارادایم ادغام به آموزش فراگیر را مورد بحث قرار می‌دهد؛ رویکردی که به‌عنوان دگرگونی فرهنگ‌ها، سیاست‌ها و شیوه‌های نهادی در نظر گرفته می‌شود و هدف آن تضمین اعمال کامل حق به آموزش است. در نهایت، استدلال می‌شود که ساخت مدارس فراگیر مستلزم دگرگونی‌های عمیق فرهنگی، سیاسی و پداگوژیک است که مشارکت، یادگیری و به رسمیت شناختن تنوع را به‌عنوان یک اصل سازنده در آموزش دموکراتیک ترویج می‌دهد.

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used in dental education, but research has focused mainly on answer accuracy. Whether LLMs can identify the cognitive demand of examination items remains unclear. This study evaluated LLM classification fidelity for endodontic multiple-choice questions (MCQs) across three educational taxonomies and compared four publicly accessible models. Two hundred endodontic MCQs from the Turkish Dentistry Specialty Examination (DUS, 2012–2025) were classified by ChatGPT, Gemini, Kimi, and DeepSeek according to Revised Bloom’s Taxonomy, the SOLO Taxonomy, and Miller’s Pyramid. A three-layer expert consensus procedure comprising calibration training, procedural audit, and structured joint deliberation established the expert consensus reference standard. Agreement was assessed using weighted Cohen’s kappa (κw) with bootstrap 95% confidence intervals; classification performance was evaluated using accuracy and macro-averaged F1. Inter-model differences in item-level accuracy were tested using Cochran’s Q with Kendall’s W, followed by Holm–Bonferroni-corrected pairwise McNemar tests. For Revised Bloom’s Taxonomy, Gemini (κw=0.676) and DeepSeek (κw=0.667) achieved substantial agreement, while Kimi (κw=0.428) and ChatGPT (κw=0.365) performed lower. For SOLO, Gemini achieved substantial agreement (κw=0.622), while the remaining models showed moderate agreement. For Miller’s Pyramid, agreement did not exceed fair, with ChatGPT highest (κw=0.372). Inter-model differences were significant for all three taxonomies (all p<0.001). ChatGPT ranked lowest for Revised Bloom and SOLO but highest for Miller. Revised Bloom levels of expert consensus reference standard increased significantly across examination years (Spearman ρ=0.301, p<0.001). LLMs showed meaningful classification fidelity for Revised Bloom and SOLO taxonomies, particularly Gemini and DeepSeek, but performance for Miller’s Pyramid remained weak. Bloom, SOLO, and Miller should not be treated as interchangeable frameworks, and LLM selection should be tailored to the taxonomy and assessment purpose. Answer accuracy and taxonomy classification fidelity represent distinct capabilities that warrant independent evaluation.

The article discusses the concepts of spirituality, morality, and personal qualities of students, reveals the essential characteristics of spiritual and moral education of students, and the importance of cooperation between parents and teachers in educational activities.

Teacher assessment literacy has received increasing attention, yet evidence remains fragmented across studies. This systematic review and meta-analysis synthesized 18 studies comprising 21 independent samples using the ALI, CALI, and TALQ instruments. The pooled mean score was 16.48 (95% CI [14.86, 18.10]) on a 35-point scale, indicating low assessment literacy, with substantial between-study heterogeneity (I² = 99.21%). Publication year, geographical region, instrument type, teacher status, teaching level, and subject specialization were not significant moderators. This review provides the first quantitative benchmark of teacher assessment literacy across the ALI, CALI, and TALQ instruments and highlights the need to strengthen assessment literacy through pre-service education, continuous professional development, and context-responsive educational policies.

One of the major challenges university students often face before graduating is preparing to transition into the workforce, a task made even more demanding after the Covid-19 pandemic.This phenomenological study explores how final-year students describe their career preparedness experiences in the post-pandemic era. In-depth interviews were conducted with four final-year students at a Malaysian public university. They were selected through a purposive sampling technique. The interview data were analysed using thematic analysis. The findings revealed five themes related to the students’ career preparedness experiences: expectations and realities, exposure to real work settings, promoting positive outcomes via preparation, development of professional identity, and acquisition of critical skills. The study recommends collaboration with selected secondary schools in exposing students to various client issues before practicum and internship training to further develop their counselling competencies and increase their career preparedness level.

The article presents a comprehensive analysis of the methodological toolkit for research on language education in the Baltic States under conditions of digitalization. The expediency of using a multi-level structure of scientific inquiry, which includes theoretical-methodological, system-analytical, and generalizing-prognostic levels, is substantiated. It is proven that such a research logic ensures the integrity of the scientific strategy, consistency in studying the problem, and reliability of the obtained results. The content of the theoretical-methodological level is revealed, which involves understanding the essence of language education digitalization, forming the source base, clarifying the conceptual and terminological framework, and defining the conceptual foundations of the study. The significance of general scientific methods of analysis, synthesis, systematization, generalization, and interpretation, as well as specific scientific methods of theoretical generalization, historical-structural, comparative-historical, and terminological analysis, is determined. The system-analytical level aimed at an in-depth study of the source base, systematization of factual material, development of the periodization of language education digitalization, and comparative analysis of educational practices in Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia is characterized. The role of the problem-search method, theoretical modeling, retrospective analysis, comparative approach, and periodization method is identified. It has been found that the generalizing-prognostic level ensures the integration of research results, the identification of leading trends in the digital transformation of language education, the formulation of practical recommendations for higher education institutions in Ukraine, and the forecasting of prospects for the field's further development. Particular attention is paid to the possibilities for adapting the Baltic States' construction experience to the Ukrainian educational space. It is concluded that the application of an integrated system of methods and scientific approaches creates a proper basis for studying digitalization of language education, makes it possible to identify patterns of its development, and determine effective directions for modernizing language training in higher education.

Educational change requires educators to adapt to evolving pedagogical, technological, and organizational demands. This cross-sectional study examined associations among instructional leadership, psychological empowerment, perceived collective efficacy, and adaptive performance among 401 educators recruited through convenience sampling from three public and private schools in Sulu Province, Philippines. Partial least squares structural equation modeling showed no significant direct association between instructional leadership and adaptive performance. Instructional leadership was nevertheless indirectly associated with adaptive performance through psychological empowerment, perceived collective efficacy, and the theoretically specified sequence involving both variables. The coefficient for the indirect association through perceived collective efficacy was numerically larger than those for the other indirect pathways, although the differences between indirect effects were not formally tested. The findings are consistent with the hypothesized indirect-association model but do not establish mediation as a temporal or causal process. Because the data were cross-sectional, self-reported, and nonprobability-based, the results apply to the participating educators and should not be generalized to Philippine educators as a whole.

This research study was conducted to provide a comparative analysis of the writing skills of intellectually disabled boys and girls studying at the secondary level. The primary objective of the study was to test the hypothesis that "intellectually disabled boys at the secondary level will exhibit higher writing skills compared to intellectually disabled girls." A total of 60 intellectually disabled students (30 boys and 30 girls, aged 12–18 years) were selected from special and inclusive schools in the Raipur district (Chhattisgarh) using purposive random sampling. Data were collected using a standardized 'Writing Skill Assessment Scale' (WSAS), which evaluated fine motor skills, shape imitation, clarity of letters/words, and copying speed. Statistical analysis of the data was performed using the mean, standard deviation (SD), and t-test. The results indicated no statistically significant difference between the scores of boys (M=54.20, SD=8.15) and girls (M=52.80, SD=8.40) (t=0.65, p=.518). Consequently, the formulated hypothesis is rejected. The study concludes that, in the context of intellectual disability, the development of writing skills is not gender-dependent but rather relies on individual motor coordination and regular practice.

Against the backdrop of deepening industry-education integration in vocational education and AI-driven digital transformation, productive teaching projects face not only the perennial challenge of transforming authentic production tasks into teachable activities, but also new challenges such as rapid resource obsolescence, heterogeneous learner foundations, and insufficient evidence for process-based assessment. Taking the “Deployment and Maintenance of a Navigation Data Storage Platform” task from the Yangtze River Trunk-Line Ship Water Pollutant Joint Supervision and Service Information System as a case, this study builds on the six-stage process of Select→Deconstruct→Define→Transform→Integrate→Extend and develops a human–AI collaborative mechanism characterized by real projects as the carrier, job competencies as the main line, and AI-supported cognition as the support. To strengthen AI empowerment across project development and implementation, AI is embedded in project selection, work-process deconstruction, competency definition, teaching-task transformation, curriculum integration, and resource expansion, and is integrated with IDEAL project-based learning, multi-stakeholder whole-process assessment, “dual-teacher + AI assistant” collaboration, and a blended virtual–real training environment. This study provides a reference for IT-related programs seeking to build replicable and iteratively improvable AI-empowered productive teaching projects.

Introduction: Registered dietitians (RDs) are frequently asked to provide guidance and expertise on dietary supplements; however, few assessment tools are available to objectively evaluate their knowledge in this area. A standardized instrument may help identify educational gaps and support the development of supplement-related competencies within dietetics education and practice. Methods: The 25-item Dietary Supplement Knowledge Assessment Tool for Registered Dietitians (DSKAT-RD) was developed to assess key areas of dietary supplement knowledge, including safety, efficacy, regulation, quality, and evidence-based research. Twelve subject-matter experts independently rated the relevance of each item on a 4-point scale. Item-Level Content Validity Index (I-CVI) values were calculated, with ratings of 3 or 4 considered content valid and ≥0.78 considered acceptable. Quantitative ratings and qualitative feedback guided revisions for clarity, accuracy, relevance, and response-option quality. Revised items were reviewed by a 3-member expert subgroup until consensus was reached. Results: Expert review demonstrated high content validity for the DSKAT-RD. Item-level Content Validity Index (I-CVI) values ranged from 0.75 to 1.00, with 24 of 25 items (96%) meeting the predefined acceptability criterion of ≥0.78. Nineteen items (76%) achieved an I-CVI of 1.00, and the Scale-Level Content Validity Index using the average method (S-CVI/Ave) was 0.97. Six items underwent additional review and revision based on quantitative ratings and qualitative expert feedback related to wording, response options, scientific or regulatory accuracy, and content alignment. Following secondary review by three subject-matter experts, all 25 items were retained in the final instrument. Conclusions: The DSKAT-RD demonstrated strong evidence of content validity and provides a structured method for assessing dietary supplement knowledge among RDs.

The advancement of digital technology and the evolving demands of the professional landscape require vocational high school (SMK) students to possess a level of work readiness that aligns with the needs of the business and industrial sectors. However, preliminary research involving students in the Office Management and Business Services (MPLB) program at SMKN 2 Tuban indicates that their work readiness is not yet optimal; this is evidenced by limitations in seeking and utilizing information, as well as a mismatch between the competencies they possess and the requirements of the workplace. This situation underscores the importance of this study, which aims to identify the factors influencing the work readiness of MPLB students at SMKN 2 Tuban. Specifically, this research analyzes the impact of digital literacy, independent learning, and the use of information technology on the work readiness of these students, both individually and collectively. The study employs a quantitative approach with an explanatory research design. The population consists of MPLB students at SMKN 2 Tuban, with a sample of 207 respondents selected via simple random sampling. Data were collected using a Likert-scale questionnaire and analyzed through multiple linear regression, t-tests, F-tests, and the coefficient of determination. The findings reveal that digital literacy, independent learning, and the use of information technology each have a positive and significant impact on work readiness. Furthermore, these three factors, digital literacy, independent learning, and the use of information technology collectively exert a positive and significant influence on work readiness. Among these, independent learning emerges as the most dominant variable, highlighting that a student's ability to manage their own learning process is a crucial aspect of fostering work readiness. An adjusted R-squared value of 0.624 indicates that the three independent variables account for 62.4% of the variation in work readiness, while the remaining 37.6% is attributed to factors outside the scope of this study. In conclusion, digital literacy, independent learning, and the use of information technology collectively have a positive and significant effect on the work readiness of MPLB students at SMKN 2 Tuban. ABSTRAK Perkembangan teknologi digital dan perubahan tuntutan dunia kerja menuntut siswa sekolah menengah kejuruan (SMK) memiliki kesiapan kerja yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan dunia usaha dan dunia industri. Namun, hasil pra penelitian pada siswa MPLB SMKN 2 Tuban menunjukkan bahwa kesiapan kerja belum optimal, yang ditandai dengan keterbatasan dalam mencari dan memanfaatkan informasi serta ketidaksesuaian antara kompetensi yang dimiliki dengan kebutuhan dunia kerja. Kondisi tersebut menjadi alasan penelitian ini penting dilakukan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kesiapan kerja siswa MPLB SMKN 2 Tuban. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh Literasi digital, kemandirian belajar, dan penggunaan teknologi informasi terhadap kesiapan kerja siswa MPLB SMKN 2 Tuban baik secara parsial maupun simultan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan desain explanatory research. Populasi penelitian adalah siswa MPLB SMKN 2 Tuban dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 207 responden yang dipilih menggunakan teknik simple random sampling. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui kuesioner dengan skala Likert. Analisis data menggunakan regresi linier berganda, uji t, uji F, dan koefisien determinasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa literasi digital berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kesiapan kerja, kemandirian belajar berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kesiapan kerja, penggunaan teknologi informasi berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kesiapan kerja. Literasi digital, kemandirian belajar, dan penggunaan teknologi informasi secara simultan berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kesiapan kerja. Kemandirian belajar merupakan variabel yang paling dominan dalam mempengaruhi kesiapan kerja. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan siswa mengelola proses belajar secara mandiri menjadi aspek penting dalam mendukung kesiapan kerja. Nilai Adjusted R sebesar 0,624 menunjukkan bahwa ketiga variabel independen mampu menjelaskan 62,4% variasi kesiapan kerja, sedangkan 37,6% dijelaskan oleh faktor lain diluar penelitian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Literasi digital, kemandirian belajar, dan penggunaan teknologi informasi secara simultan berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kesiapan kerja siswa MPLB SMKN 2 Tuban.

Moral education of the individual is a complex and multifaceted process that includes pedagogical and social phenomena. However, the process of moral education is to some extent autonomous. Moral education is effectively carried out only as a holistic pedagogical process that meets the norms of universal morality, the organization of all life and student life, including modern youth. As well as activities, relationships, communication, taking into account their age and individual characteristics. The result of a holistic process is the formation of a morally whole personality, in the unity of its consciousness, moral feelings, conscience, moral will, skills, habits, socially valuable behavior. Moral education includes: the formation of students’ awareness of their connection with society, dependence on it, the need to coordinate their behavior with the interests of society; familiarization with moral ideals, requirements of society, proof of their legitimacy and reasonableness; transformation of moral knowledge into moral beliefs, creation of a system of these beliefs; formation of stable moral feelings, high culture of behavior as one of the main manifestations of respect for people; formation of moral skills. The content of education is understood as a system of knowledge, beliefs, skills, qualities and personality traits, stable behavioral habits that students should possess in accordance with the set goals and objectives. In today’s rapidly changing world, the ability to be independent and self-sufficient is increasingly recognized as a vital skill for success in various areas of life, including education. This is especially true for first-year university students, as they transition from the structured environment of high school to the more autonomous and demanding world of higher education. Developing independence skills in these students is crucial for their adaptation to the university environment and overall personal and academic growth. The concept of independence encompasses various aspects, including the development of autonomy and the development of skills that enable students to navigate the complexities of university life. Autonomy refers to the ability to make decisions, take initiative, and act independently, while the development of independence skills involves acquiring the necessary competencies to function effectively in the educational environment. The state of knowledge regarding the development of independence skills in first-year students is an area of ongoing research. Understanding the factors that contribute to the development of independence in students is essential for supporting them during this transition and enriching their overall educational experience.