عصب‌روانشناسی

Abstract Core body temperature (Tb) is defended within narrow limits through thermoregulatory behaviors like huddling, nesting, and physical activity as well as autonomic responses like brown fat thermogenesis. While Tb displays regulated fluctuations across different behavioral states and rest/arousal cycles, the neural control of these transitions is poorly understood. Here, we investigate the relationship between oxytocin neurons of the paraventricular hypothalamus (PVN OT ) and behavioral and autonomic thermoeffector pathways across physiological states in mice. First, we show that PVN OT neurons are activated during social thermoregulation. We then demonstrate that in vivo PVN OT calcium dynamics align with transitions from rest to thermogenesis and behavioral arousal. Counter to our initial hypothesis, these dynamics were observed in both social and non-social contexts. Using a computer vision model to track thermoeffector pathways, we demonstrate that precisely timed stimulation of PVN OT neurons during low-Tb resting states increases thermogenesis followed by behavioral arousal. We therefore suggest a model in which PVN OT neurons facilitate homeostatic state-dependent transitions in thermo-behavioral states.

A series of similar faces was presented to either the left or right visual field of three adults with brains surgically split along the corpus callosum. The left hemisphere displayed a marked and persistent deficit in performing a match‐to‐sample task, whereas the right hemisphere performed the task well. Additional test results suggest that the superiority is not specific to faces and is also not caused by specialized differences in sensory processes, but rather is related to differences in each hemisphere's ability to encode stimuli that cannot be adequately differentiated with a verbal description.

مجموعه‌ای از چهره‌های مشابه به صورت جداگانه در میدان بینایی چپ یا راست به سه بزرگسال که مغز آن‌ها به طور جراحی‌شده در امتداد جسم پینه‌ای تقسیم شده بود، ارائه شد. نیمکره چپ مغز در انجام تکلیف تطبیق با نمونه، نقص قابل توجه و پایداری را نشان داد، در حالی که نیمکره راست این تکلیف را به خوبی انجام داد. نتایج آزمون‌های اضافی نشان می‌دهد که این برتری مختص چهره‌ها نیست و همچنین ناشی از تفاوت‌های تخصصی در فرایندهای حسی نمی‌باشد، بلکه به تفاوت در توانایی هر نیمکره در رمزگذاری محرک‌هایی مربوط است که نمی‌توان آن‌ها را به طور کافی با توصیف کلامی متمایز کرد.