Community Mental Health Journal

This study investigated the extent to which number of psychiatric disorders and specific comorbidities in patients receiving the Transdiagnostic Intervention for Sleep and Circadian Dysfunction (TSC) predicted symptom/impairment severity and treatment outcome. This secondary analysis drew from a subset of 489 patients in Community Mental Health Centers (CMHCs) with serious mental illness (SMI) and sleep/circadian problems who had participated in a randomized controlled trial of TSC. Of these patients, 253 received Immediate TSC and 236 received usual care followed by delayed treatment (UC-DT). Some patients received Standard TSC (N = 149) while others received Adapted TSC (N = 340). Patients' baseline/pre-treatment and post-treatment scores for psychiatric symptoms, sleep disturbance, sleep-related impairment, overall sleep health, and functional impairment were analyzed. Patient-reported data on history of psychiatric diagnoses were also used. At baseline, patients with more disorders had significantly worse psychiatric symptom scores (b = 2.27, SE = 0.39, p<.001), marginally greater sleep disturbance (b = 0.57, SE = 0.32, p=.073) (but only at the nominal level), significantly greater sleep-related impairment (b = 1.25, SE = 0.34, p<.001), significantly worse overall sleep health (b=-0.20, SE = 0.06, p=.001), and significantly greater functional impairment (b = 0.32, SE = 0.11, p=.005). Number of psychiatric disorders was not associated with treatment outcome or differences in benefits between Standard and Adapted TSC. When analyzed independently, the most common psychiatric disorder groups all demonstrated significantly more improvement in the Immediate TSC group than in the UC-DT group on sleep disturbance and sleep-related impairment. These results build on strong evidence that transdiagnostic sleep treatment is an important approach to treating populations with comorbid SMI and sleep/circadian problems.

این مطالعه به بررسی میزان تأثیر تعداد اختلالات روان‌پزشکی و هم‌ابتلایی‌های خاص در بیماران دریافت‌کننده‌ی مداخله‌ی فراتشخیصی برای اختلال خواب و ریتم شبانه‌روزی (TSC) بر شدت نشانه‌ها/ناتوانی و پیامد درمان پرداخت. این تحلیل ثانویه از زیرمجموعه‌ای از ۴۸۹ بیمار در مراکز سلامت روان جامعه (CMHCs) با بیماری روانی شدید (SMI) و مشکلات خواب/ریتم شبانه‌روزی که در کارآزمایی تصادفی‌شده‌ی کنترل‌شده‌ی TSC شرکت کرده بودند، استفاده کرد. از میان این بیماران، ۲۵۳ نفر TSC فوری دریافت کردند و ۲۳۶ نفر مراقبت معمول به‌دنبال درمان با تأخیر (UC-DT) دریافت کردند. برخی بیماران TSC استاندارد (N = 149) و برخی دیگر TSC تطبیق‌یافته (N = 340) دریافت کردند. نمرات بیماران در آغاز/پیش از درمان و پس از درمان برای نشانه‌های روان‌پزشکی، اختلال خواب، ناتوانی مرتبط با خواب، سلامت کلی خواب و ناتوانی عملکردی تحلیل شد. همچنین داده‌های خودگزارش‌شده‌ی بیماران درباره‌ی سابقه‌ی تشخیص‌های روان‌پزشکی مورد استفاده قرار گرفت. در آغاز مطالعه، بیماران با اختلالات بیشتر به‌طور معناداری نمرات نشانه‌های روان‌پزشکی بدتری داشتند (b = 2.27, SE = 0.39, p<.001)، اختلال خواب به‌طور حاشیه‌ای بیشتر (b = 0.57, SE = 0.32, p=.073) (اما فقط در سطح اسمی)، ناتوانی مرتبط با خواب به‌طور معناداری بیشتر (b = 1.25, SE = 0.34, p<.001)، سلامت کلی خواب به‌طور معناداری بدتر (b=-0.20, SE = 0.06, p=.001)، و ناتوانی عملکردی به‌طور معناداری بیشتر (b = 0.32, SE = 0.11, p=.005) داشتند. تعداد اختلالات روان‌پزشکی با پیامد درمان یا تفاوت در منافع بین TSC استاندارد و تطبیق‌یافته ارتباطی نداشت. در تحلیل مستقل، همه‌ی گروه‌های شایع اختلالات روان‌پزشکی در گروه TSC فوری نسبت به گروه UC-DT در اختلال خواب و ناتوانی مرتبط با خواب بهبود معنادار بیشتری نشان دادند. این نتایج بر شواهد قوی مبنی بر این‌که درمان فراتشخیصی خواب رویکردی مهم برای درمان جمعیت‌های مبتلا به SMI همراه با مشکلات خواب/ریتم شبانه‌روزی است، می‌افزاید.

Abstract Court-Ordered Treatment (COT) is used to address treatment non-adherence and psychiatric readmission in individuals with serious mental illness (SMI), who are at risk for treatment non-adherence and recurrent psychiatric hospitalization. Evidence regarding clinical outcomes associated with COT remains mixed, partly due to differences in legal frameworks and program implementation. To compare psychiatric readmission, outpatient appointment attendance, and long-acting injectable (LAI) medication adherence during COT and during the year following COT expiration in Arizona’s public behavioral health system. This exploratory, retrospective chart review identified 94 patients placed on COT between 2020 and 2021. Paired within-subject analyses included 29 patients whose COT expired and who completed a full one-year follow-up after COT expiration. Outcomes during COT were compared with outcomes during the year after COT expiration. Among the 29 patients analyzed, psychiatric hospital admission rates rose significantly from 10.3% (3/29) during COT to 34.5% (10/29) post COT expiration ( p = .039). Missed psychiatric appointments increased from 24.1% (7/29) during COT to 37.9% (11/29) after COT expiration, but this change was not statistically significant (p =.219). Among 19 patients with complete LAI follow-up data, 1 missed at least one scheduled LAI dose during COT compared with 4 after COT expiration ( p =.250). In this exploratory cohort, psychiatric readmissions were less frequent during COT than during the year following COT expiration. Both missed outpatient appointments and LAI doses were also more frequent after COT expiration, although these differences were not statistically significant, and the small sample limited the ability to detect meaningful differences. These findings should be interpreted cautiously given the small, selected cohort and retrospective observational design. Larger prospective studies are needed to further evaluate outcomes following COT expiration.