Aim and background: Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) is reported far less often than poor nocturnal sleep quality in Indian medical students.We aimed to estimate EDS prevalence and its independent correlates (primary), and to compare these with poor sleep quality correlates in the same cohort and relate both to examination performance (secondary).We hypothesized that sleep hygiene behavior, not global sleep quality category, would dominate.Materials and methods: Prospective cross-sectional study of 354 of 450 eligible MBBS students (78.7%) at a Southern Indian college, sampled by stratified proportional randomization.Under supervised standardized administration, they completed the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS; EDS >10), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and Sleep Hygiene Index (SHI), with screen time, stress, mood, lifestyle, clinical covariates, and the latest university examination percentage.Excessive daytime sleepiness correlates were examined by logistic regression with a pre-specified confounder-adjusted sensitivity model.Results: Excessive daytime sleepiness affected 21.5% [95% confidence interval (CI) 17.5-26.0],more often among poor than good sleepers (27.7% vs 18.6%).Adjusted [area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) 0.773, 0.714-0.832],only poorer sleep hygiene remained independent [odds ratio (OR) 1.12 per point, 1.07-1.18],unchanged after adjustment for all measured confounders (1.12, 1.06-1.17).Examination percentage did not differ by sleep status (67.33 ± 5.16 vs 68.07 ± 5.72; p = 0.229); academic stage and sex, not sleep, predicted marks (R² = 0.152).Conclusion: In this cross-sectional sample, EDS was associated more closely with sleep hygiene behavior than with global sleep quality category, and the two had distinct correlation profiles.Screening for sleepiness alongside sleep quality, and addressing bedtime device use, merit consideration in student health services.These are associations only; no direction of effect can be inferred.Clinical significance: Measuring EDS alongside global sleep quality identifies a partly distinct at-risk group, for whom brief counselling on bedtime device use may be more specific than generic sleep hygiene advice.
Aims and background: The sleep-wake cycle and sleep consolidation are essential to children's growth and development.There is a paucity of studies on the sleep characteristics and the effect of electronic media on them in healthy Indian infants and toddlers.The objectives were to assess the sleep characteristics of healthy Indian infants and toddlers and to examine the impact of electronic media on them.Materials and methods: This was a cross-sectional study at a tertiary center in India, among healthy children aged 3-36 months.Those with concurrent illness (e.g., gastroenteritis, respiratory illness) were excluded.A Hindi version of the Revised Brief Infant Sleep Questionnaire (BISQ-R) was used to assess sleep patterns.Results: A total of 100 children were enrolled during the study period; their median (IQR) age was 12.1 (3.5, 18) months, with most of them being males (74%).The median (IQR) total sleep duration was 11 (10.0,13.3) hours.Electronic media exposure was noted in 83 (83%) children.Of them, 27 (32.5%)children were exposed to ≥1 hour/day.There was no significant difference in sleep duration, night awakenings, or wakefulness between media-exposed and media-unexposed groups in children.Similarly, there was no significant effect of media exposure on sleep characteristics.Conclusion: Sleep duration in infants and toddlers was below the international recommendation.A majority of children had exposure to electronic media, and one-third had exposure of at least 1 hour.Approximately three-fourths of parents didn't perceive the child's sleep problems.Clinical significance: There is an urgent need to routinely evaluate sleep characteristics in infants and toddlers and to increase awareness of sleep hygiene and media exposure among parents.
Aim and background: Sleep is a biological necessity essential for physical and mental well-being, yet many young adults, particularly college students, experience sleep disruptions due to major life changes and poor sleep hygiene.This study aimed to identify the determinants of insomnia among undergraduate female students in a rural area of Haryana.Materials and methods: A mixed-method study was conducted between May 2024 and May 2025 involving 340 undergraduate female students.Quantitative data were collected using a semi-structured socio-demographic questionnaire and the insomnia severity index (ISI).Qualitative insights were gathered through in-depth interviews (IDI) with 15 students identified with clinically significant insomnia.Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software version 26, with significance set at p < 0.05.Results: The prevalence of clinically significant insomnia in the cohort was 5.6% (n = 19).Quantitative analysis revealed that the participant's state of origin was the only statistically significant socio-demographic determinant (p = 0.031).Students from states other than Haryana reported a significantly higher insomnia prevalence (12.5%) compared to those from Haryana (4.2%).Factors such as age, socio-economic status, and type of occupancy showed no significant correlation.Qualitative themes highlighted academic performance, overuse of electronic devices, social environment, and psycho-social stress as primary triggers.Conclusion: While the prevalence of insomnia is relatively low, it is significantly driven by academic transitions, excessive screen time, and communal living challenges.A notable awareness-action gap exists, as students recognize the importance of sleep but prefer self-management or mindfulness over professional clinical help.
