Introduction Research on the practicum has focused on student teachers, mentors and partnerships between universities and schools, while the pupils in whose classrooms student teachers are placed have rarely been asked about this experience. This study examined how pupils in Ecuadorian host schools perceive the presence, support and influence of student teachers, and to what extent these perceptions can be trusted as evidence. Methods Two age-differentiated questionnaires, with pictographic scales from early childhood education to third grade and verbal scales from fourth grade onward, were administered through a mobile application by the student teachers or by members of the research team hired for data collection (project staff). The dataset comprised 2,453 valid evaluations from 1,140 pupils in 123 classrooms of 38 schools. Analyses included descriptive statistics for the first evaluation of each pupil, agreement between consecutive weekly evaluations, generalized estimating equations that accounted for the nesting of evaluations within pupils, classrooms and schools, a within-pupil comparison of evaluations collected by student teachers and by project staff, and latent class analysis. Results Between 91.5% and 98.5% of pupils gave favorable ratings on seven of eight items, while 69.6% of older pupils always felt comfortable asking student teachers for help. Ratings collected by project staff were lower than those collected by student teachers, especially for comfort in asking for help and perceived influence on learning. Responses of the youngest pupils concentrated in the highest category and did not discriminate reliably between individual pupils, whereas older pupils showed fair to moderate stability on most items and formed highly enthusiastic and moderately favorable profiles. Discussion Pupils perceive student teachers favorably, although part of this favorability reflects social desirability and the developmental limits of young respondents. Pupil voice can inform practicum evaluation when questionnaires are administered by someone other than the student teacher being evaluated and are interpreted according to the age of the pupils.
Abstract We examine the age profile of subjective wellbeing and illbeing in the 22 countries appearing in the Global Flourishing Study (GFS) 2022–2024. We propose an alternative to the Flourishing Index at the heart of so much of the GFS literature which has better statistical properties. We call it the Revised Flourishing Index (RFI). The age profile of the original Flourishing Index and some of its sub-components are U-shaped in age. However, the RFI rises linearly in age. We also introduce a new Not Flourishing Index (NFI) capturing illbeing. The NFI and each of its four sub-components fall markedly with age. These results are broadly replicated among those surveyed via a computer-assisted web-based interview (CAWI), except in the case of the original Flourishing Index which, like the RFI, now rises in age. However, the RFI, NFI and the original Flourishing Index age profiles have the opposite signs to the CAWI profiles when conducted via computer-assisted telephone interviews (CATI). We argue these differences by survey mode arise due to social desirability bias and non-random selection into CATI. Analyses of the European Social Survey (ESS) 2023–2024 and the CAWI-based Global Minds (GM) surveys 2020–2026 for the subset of countries appearing in the GFS support these CAWI findings in the GFS, albeit with alternative metrics, providing some external validity for our GFS findings.
در این پژوهش، نمایه سنی بهزیستی و نابهنجاری ذهنی در ۲۲ کشور حاضر در مطالعه جهانی شکوفایی (GFS) ۲۰۲۲–۲۰۲۴ مورد بررسی قرار می‌گیرد. ما جایگزینی برای شاخص شکوفایی که در مرکز بسیاری از مطالعات GFS قرار دارد و ویژگی‌های آماری بهتری دارد، پیشنهاد می‌کنیم. این شاخص را شاخص بازنگری‌شده شکوفایی (RFI) می‌نامیم. نمایه سنی شاخص اصلی شکوفایی و برخی از زیرمؤلفه‌های آن به صورت U شکل است. با این حال، RFI به طور خطی با افزایش سن افزایش می‌یابد. همچنین شاخص جدیدی به نام شاخص عدم شکوفایی (NFI) معرفی می‌کنیم که نابهنجاری را اندازه‌گیری می‌کند. NFI و هر یک از چهار زیرمؤلفه آن با افزایش سن به طور قابل توجهی کاهش می‌یابند. این نتایج عمدتاً در میان افرادی که از طریق مصاحبه مبتنی بر وب با کمک رایانه (CAWI) مورد بررسی قرار گرفته‌اند، تکرار می‌شود، به جز در مورد شاخص اصلی شکوفایی که مانند RFI اکنون با افزایش سن افزایش می‌یابد. با این حال، نمایه‌های سنی RFI، NFI و شاخص اصلی شکوفایی، علائم مخالفی نسبت به نمایه‌های CAWI زمانی که از طریق مصاحبه تلفنی با کمک رایانه (CATI) انجام می‌شود، دارند. ما استدلال می‌کنیم که این تفاوت‌ها بر اساس شیوه گردآوری داده‌ها ناشی از سوگیری مطلوبیت اجتماعی و انتخاب غیرتصادفی در CATI است. تحلیل‌های پیمایش اجتماعی اروپا (ESS) ۲۰۲۳–۲۰۲۴ و پیمایش‌های مبتنی بر CAWI Global Minds (GM) ۲۰۲۰–۲۰۲۶ برای زیرمجموعه‌ای از کشورها که در GFS حضور دارند، این یافته‌های CAWI در GFS را تأیید می‌کند، هرچند با معیارهای جایگزین، که مقداری روایی بیرونی برای یافته‌های ما در GFS فراهم می‌کند.
