tazkiyatun nafs

This study aimed to develop an Islamic Theology and Ethics learning module for Islamic Junior High Schools (Madrasah Tsanawiyah, MTs) based on tazkiyatun nafs (purification of the soul) for prospective Islamic Religious Education (IRE) teachers using the ADDIE development model. The research employed a research and development approach comprising five stages: analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. The participants were 22 prospective IRE teachers enrolled in the Islamic Religious Education Materials for MTs course at STAI Al-Hamidiyah Bangkalan during the 2025/2026 academic year. Data were collected through expert validation forms, student response questionnaires, student reflections, observations, and documentation. Quantitative data were analyzed descriptively using percentages, while qualitative data were analyzed through data condensation, data display, and conclusion drawing. The validation results indicated that the module achieved feasibility scores of 91.00% from the subject matter expert and 89.00% from the instructional media expert, yielding an overall average of 90.00%, categorized as highly feasible. Student responses reached 83.18% (366 out of 440), indicating very positive responses. The practical examples received the highest score (86.36%), while the clarity and systematic presentation of the material received the lowest score (80.00%). Student reflections highlighted muhasabah (self-reflection), emotional regulation, moral awareness, and teacher role modeling as meaningful learning experiences. The module offers a contextual learning resource that integrates spiritual purification into Islamic Theology and Ethics education. However, the findings are limited to module feasibility and participants' perceptions and do not establish improvements in pedagogical competence or learning effectiveness. Future research should examine the module's effectiveness using larger samples and structured learning outcome assessments.

The development of students' spiritual intelligence has become an important concern in Islamic education, particularly in Islamic boarding schools (pesantren) that emphasize character formation and spiritual cultivation. One of the spiritual practices implemented in pesantren is riyadhoh amaliah, including the practice of performing 100 rak'ahs of voluntary prayer as a means of self-purification (tazkiyatun nafs). This study aims to analyze the implementation of the 100-rak'ah prayer practice and to construct a tazkiyatun nafs-based model for developing students' spiritual intelligence at Al-Lathifiyah 1 Female Islamic Boarding School, Tambakberas Jombang. This research employed a qualitative case study approach. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, participant observation, and document analysis involving caregivers, teachers, and students. The data were analyzed using the interactive model of data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The findings reveal that the practice of the 100-rak'ah prayer serves not only as a ritual worship activity but also as a structured process of spiritual formation encompassing self-discipline, self-control, sincerity, patience, humility, and spiritual awareness. The study identified a tazkiyatun nafs-based spiritual development model consisting of four interconnected stages: self-purification (takhalli), character internalization (tahalli), spiritual awareness enhancement (tajalli), and spiritual habituation through continuous riyadhoh amaliah. These stages contribute significantly to the development of students' spiritual intelligence, reflected in stronger religious commitment, emotional stability, moral behavior, and self-awareness. The study concludes that the 100-rak'ah prayer practice represents an effective spiritual education model that strengthens students' spiritual intelligence through a systematic process of tazkiyatun nafs within the pesantren environment

توسعه هوش معنوی دانش‌آموزان به یکی از دغدغه‌های مهم در آموزش اسلامی، به‌ویژه در مدارس شبانه‌روزی اسلامی (پسانترن) که بر شکل‌گیری شخصیت و پرورش معنوی تأکید دارند، تبدیل شده‌است. یکی از تمرینات معنوی اجراشده در پسانترن، ریاضت عملی است که شامل انجام ۱۰۰ رکعت نماز مستحبی به‌عنوان وسیله‌ای برای خودپالایی (تزکیه نفس) می‌باشد. هدف این پژوهش تحلیل اجرای تمرین ۱۰۰ رکعت نماز و ساخت مدل مبتنی بر تزکیه نفس برای توسعه هوش معنوی دانش‌آموزان در مدرسه شبانه‌روزی اسلامی دخترانه Al-Lathifiyah 1، تمبکبراس جومبانگ است. این پژوهش با رویکرد کیفی و مطالعه موردی انجام شده‌است. داده‌ها از طریق مصاحبه‌های عمیق، مشاهده مشارکتی و تحلیل اسناد با مشارکت مراقبان، معلمان و دانش‌آموزان گردآوری شد. داده‌ها با استفاده از مدل تعاملی کاهش داده، نمایش داده و نتیجه‌گیری تحلیل گردید. یافته‌ها نشان می‌دهد که تمرین ۱۰۰ رکعت نماز نه‌تنها به‌عنوان یک فعالیت عبادی آیینی، بلکه به‌عنوان فرایندی ساختاریافته برای شکل‌گیری معنوی شامل خودانضباطی، خودکنترلی، اخلاص، صبر، فروتنی و آگاهی معنوی عمل می‌کند. این مطالعه مدل توسعه معنوی مبتنی بر تزکیه نفس را شناسایی کرد که شامل چهار مرحله به‌هم‌پیوسته است: خودپالایی (تخلی)، درونی‌سازی صفات (تحلی)، ارتقای آگاهی معنوی (تجلی) و عادت‌سازی معنوی از طریق استمرار ریاضت عملی. این مراحل نقش مهمی در توسعه هوش معنوی دانش‌آموزان ایفا می‌کنند که در تعهد دینی قوی‌تر، ثبات هیجانی، رفتار اخلاقی و خودآگاهی منعکس می‌شود. نتیجه پژوهش آن است که تمرین ۱۰۰ رکعت نماز، مدلی مؤثر برای آموزش معنوی است که هوش معنوی دانش‌آموزان را از طریق فرایند نظام‌مند تزکیه نفس در محیط پسانترن تقویت می‌کند.