supportive parenting

Parenting practices may shape young children's opportunities to develop English-speaking skills in bilingual family environments. This study aimed to explore parenting styles and parental communication practices in relation to children's English-speaking ability in four bilingual families in Indonesia. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, data were collected through online semi-structured interviews with parents, naturalistic observations of parent-child interactions, and children's English-speaking activities, including storytelling and picture description. The findings indicated that three families demonstrated characteristics of authoritative parenting, including emotional warmth, regular language activities, and active parental involvement. These practices were accompanied by children's reported willingness and confidence to speak English. In contrast, one family demonstrated a more permissive approach, with less structured language exposure and less active parental involvement. The findings also highlighted the role of responsive communication, shared educational media activities, and consistent opportunities to use English in everyday interactions. Given the small sample and qualitative design, the findings provide contextual insights rather than evidence of causal effects. This study highlights the potential importance of supportive parenting practices in creating opportunities for young children to use English in bilingual family settings.

Pre-adolescence 9-12 years is a critical developmental period characterized by rapid biological, emotional, cognitive, and social changes that influence future mental health and well-being. Indian pre-adolescents increasingly encounter academic pressure, changing family dynamics, peer challenges, and extensive digital exposure, creating potential risks to emotional adjustment. Resilience, defined as the ability to adapt positively to adversity and recover from challenging experiences, is an important protective factor during this formative stage. This article aims to examine the determinants and dimensions of resilience among Indian pre-adolescents and to propose a culturally relevant, integrated framework for promoting resilience across biological, psychological, social, and digital domains. This article highlights key factors that strengthen resilience, including emotional regulation, self-esteem, self-compassion, problem-solving skills, supportive parenting, positive school environments, healthy peer relationships, and community connectedness. Digital resilience is also emphasized, encompassing safe technology use, digital literacy, responsible online behavior, and adaptive coping with cyberbullying, online risks, and excessive screen exposure. Based on existing evidence and contextual insights, the integrated pre-adolescent resilience model (IPARM) is proposed, integrating biological, psychological, social, and digital dimensions. Resilience promotion strategies are discussed at individual, family, school, community, and healthcare levels, with nurses and other health professionals playing an important role in early identification of vulnerable children, mental health promotion, and implementation of resilience-building interventions. Strengthening resilience during pre-adolescence represents a valuable preventive mental health strategy. A holistic and culturally responsive approach can foster emotional competence, psychological well-being, adaptability, and healthy development, enabling Indian children to navigate contemporary challenges and develop into confident and resilient individuals.

This study aims to analyze the role of parenting dimensions in the development of student character within the multicultural context of Malaysia. Specifically, it examines the relationships between parental care, autonomy, overprotection, and student character among university students. A quantitative research design with a descriptive correlational approach was employed. The sample consisted of 88 university students from UiTM Cawangan Pahang, selected using stratified random sampling to reflect Malaysia's ethnic diversity. Data were collected through validated questionnaires measuring three dimensions of parenting styles (care, autonomy, overprotection) and seven aspects of student character (religiosity, nationalism, integrity, independence, cooperation, tolerance, and empathy). Data analysis utilized descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation with SPSS version 26.0. The findings revealed that democratic parenting was the dominant style (47.7%). Parental care demonstrated the strongest positive correlation with student character (r = 0.687, p < 0.01), followed by autonomy (r = 0.642) and overprotection after reverse scoring (r = 0.589). Empathy showed the highest correlation with care (r = 0.701), while autonomy was most strongly associated with independence (r = 0.689). Overall student character was rated very high (mean = 3.43). Parental care showed the strongest association with student character. These findings highlight the importance of warm and supportive parenting in relation to students' moral and social characteristic moral values and social competencies essential for harmonious coexistence in multicultural society. Recommendations for parents, educators, and policymakers are discussed.

این پژوهش با هدف تحلیل نقش ابعاد فرزندپروری در رشد منش دانشجویان در بستر چندفرهنگی مالزی انجام شده است. به طور خاص، روابط میان مراقبت والدین، خودمختاری، حمایت بیش‌ازحد و منش دانشجویان در میان دانشجویان دانشگاهی مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. طرح پژوهش کمی با رویکرد توصیفی-همبستگی به کار گرفته شد. نمونه شامل ۸۸ دانشجوی دانشگاه UiTM Cawangan Pahang بود که با استفاده از نمونه‌گیری تصادفی طبقه‌ای به منظور بازتاب تنوع قومی مالزی انتخاب شدند. داده‌ها از طریق پرسشنامه‌های معتبر که سه بعد سبک‌های فرزندپروری (مراقبت، خودمختاری، حمایت بیش‌ازحد) و هفت جنبه منش دانشجویی (دین‌داری، ملی‌گرایی، صداقت، استقلال، همکاری، مدارا و همدلی) را اندازه‌گیری می‌کردند، گردآوری شد. تحلیل داده‌ها با استفاده از آمار توصیفی و همبستگی پیرسون در نرم‌افزار SPSS نسخه ۲۶٫۰ انجام گرفت. یافته‌ها نشان داد که سبک فرزندپروری دموکراتیک غالب بود (۴۷٫۷٪). مراقبت والدین قوی‌ترین همبستگی مثبت را با منش دانشجویان نشان داد (r = 0.687, p < 0.01)، و پس از آن خودمختاری (r = 0.642) و حمایت بیش‌ازحد پس از نمره‌گذاری معکوس (r = 0.589) قرار داشتند. همدلی بالاترین همبستگی را با مراقبت (r = 0.701) داشت، در حالی که خودمختاری بیشترین ارتباط را با استقلال (r = 0.689) نشان داد. میانگین منش کلی دانشجویان بسیار بالا ارزیابی شد (mean = 3.43). مراقبت والدین قوی‌ترین ارتباط را با منش دانشجویان نشان داد. این یافته‌ها اهمیت فرزندپروری گرم و حمایت‌گر را در ارتباط با ارزش‌های اخلاقی و شایستگی‌های اجتماعی دانشجویان که برای همزیستی هماهنگ در جامعه چندفرهنگی ضروری است، برجسته می‌کند. توصیه‌هایی برای والدین، مربیان و سیاست‌گذاران ارائه شده است.