teachers' lived experiences

School violence continues to present serious challenges to teaching, learning, and teacher well-being in post-apartheid South Africa. Existing research has largely focused on the prevalence, causes, management, and disciplinary responses associated with violence in schools. Thereby positioning teachers as informants for experiences of school violence. Such a singular focus limits our understanding of how teachers interpret and make sense of these experiences within their professional lives. This paper attempts to fill this gap by using currere as a reflective, autobiographical approach to study lived educational experiences. I purposively selected two teachers from schools in the Mashishing Circuit of Mpumalanga Province to participate in the study. To collect data, I used reflective journals guided by the four stages of currere: regressive, analytical, progressive, and synthetic. Currere created a platform for teachers to revisit their past experiences of school violence and analyse how these experiences shape their current pedagogical choices and practices. The findings suggest that violence in schools is an ongoing emotional and structural condition. It influences teachers’ well-being, authority, pedagogical choices, and attitude toward learners. Currere enabled teachers to reimagine pedagogical approaches that balance classroom safety with meaningful learning. The study highlights the methodological value of currere for examining teachers' lived experiences in violent school settings. The paper recommends providing well-being support for teachers who experienced violence and adopting restorative approaches in schools.

Inclusive education aims to offer equitable learning opportunities, meaningful participation, and a sense of belonging to students with special needs within regular school environments. This study examined teachers lived experiences in implementing inclusive education and the support strategies they employed to address the diverse needs of learners. Utilizing a phenomenological qualitative design, the study involved eight regular classroom teachers from Van Lang School and Doan Thi Diem Halong School in Halong City, Quang Ninh Province, Vietnam, who were selected through purposive sampling. Data were gathered through semi-structured individual interviews and analyzed using a thematic analysis. The findings identified eight themes: inclusive education as equality and belonging, flexible and differentiated teaching strategies, peer support and meaningful participation, emotional and behavioral management, limited formal training and experiential learning, collaboration with parents and school personnel, challenges in resources, time, and classroom management, and positive experiences of student success and inclusion. Teachers noted that inclusive education requires patience, adaptability, collaboration, continuous learning, and meaningful opportunities for students to participate. The findings further suggest that effective inclusion requires more than individual teacher efforts; it relies on professional development, adequate resources, collaborative support, systematic monitoring, and a supportive classroom culture. Based on the findings, an Inclusive Classroom Support and Development (ICSD) Framework was proposed to enhance teacher capacity, stakeholder collaboration, classroom resources, student-centered engagement, monitoring and evaluation, and inclusive classroom culture. This study highlights the importance of coordinated school-level support to strengthen inclusive education practices and improve the experiences of students with special needs in regular school settings.

آموزش فراگیر با هدف ارائه فرصت‌های یادگیری برابر، مشارکت معنادار و احساس تعلق به دانش‌آموزان با نیازهای ویژه در محیط‌های مدارس عادی طراحی شده است. این پژوهش به بررسی تجارب زیسته معلمان در اجرای آموزش فراگیر و راهبردهای حمایتی مورد استفاده آنان برای پاسخ‌گویی به نیازهای متنوع یادگیرندگان پرداخت. با بهره‌گیری از طرح کیفی پدیدارشناسانه، هشت معلم کلاس عادی از مدارس Van Lang و Doan Thi Diem Halong در شهر Halong، استان Quang Ninh، ویتنام، که به روش نمونه‌گیری هدفمند انتخاب شده بودند، در این مطالعه شرکت کردند. داده‌ها از طریق مصاحبه‌های نیمه‌ساختاریافته فردی گردآوری و با استفاده از تحلیل تماتیک مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفت. یافته‌ها هشت تم را شناسایی کردند: آموزش فراگیر به‌مثابه برابری و تعلق، راهبردهای تدریس انعطاف‌پذیر و تمایز یافته، حمایت همسالان و مشارکت معنادار، مدیریت هیجانی و رفتاری، آموزش رسمی محدود و یادگیری تجربی، همکاری با والدین و کارکنان مدرسه، چالش‌های منابع، زمان و مدیریت کلاس، و تجارب مثبت موفقیت و فراگیری دانش‌آموزان. معلمان اشاره کردند که آموزش فراگیر مستلزم صبر، سازگاری، همکاری، یادگیری مستمر و فرصت‌های معنادار برای مشارکت دانش‌آموزان است. یافته‌ها همچنین نشان می‌دهد که فراگیری مؤثر فراتر از تلاش‌های فردی معلمان بوده و به توسعه حرفه‌ای، منابع کافی، حمایت‌های مشارکتی، پایش نظام‌مند و فرهنگ حمایتی کلاس نیازمند است. بر اساس یافته‌ها، چارچوب حمایت و توسعه کلاس فراگیر (ICSD) برای ارتقای ظرفیت معلمان، همکاری ذی‌نفعان، منابع کلاسی، مشارکت دانش‌آموزمحور، پایش و ارزیابی و فرهنگ کلاس فراگیر پیشنهاد شد. این پژوهش بر اهمیت حمایت هماهنگ در سطح مدرسه برای تقویت شیوه‌های آموزش فراگیر و بهبود تجارب دانش‌آموزان با نیازهای ویژه در محیط‌های مدارس عادی تأکید می‌کند.