school supervision

This study examined teacher self-efficacy, Social-Emotional Learning (SEL) integration, and their predictive relationships with teacher effectiveness in the Academic Recovery and Accessible Learning (ARAL) Program in the Tagbilaran City Division, Bohol, Philippines. Anchored in Social Cognitive Theory, the Prosocial Classroom Model, the CASEL SEL Framework, Self-Determination Theory, and Emotional Intelligence Theory, the study employed an explanatory sequential mixed-methods design. Quantitative respondents comprised 202 ARAL teachers and 23 school heads or designated supervisors from eight public junior high schools. The qualitative phase involved 15 teachers and five supervisory participants. Data were collected using a validated, researcher-developed questionnaire, open-ended questions, and interviews, and analyzed through descriptive statistics, multiple regression, Welch’s t-test, and thematic analysis. Findings revealed high teacher self-efficacy (M = 3.99), SEL integration, and teacher effectiveness. SEL integration significantly and positively predicted content knowledge and pedagogy (R² = .154), assessment and reporting (R² = .520), and learning environment (R² = .537), whereas teacher self-efficacy showed no statistically significant unique contribution after accounting for SEL integration. Teachers’ and supervisors’ assessments showed no significant differences. Challenges included learner disengagement, language barriers, diverse learning needs, inadequate instructional resources, insufficient training, and monitoring difficulties. Professional commitment, instructional adaptability, supportive relationships, and administrative assistance facilitated implementation. The study recommends sustained SEL-focused professional development, differentiated instruction, strengthened supervision, and systematic learner monitoring. It supports Sustainable Development Goals 4 (Quality Education), 3 (Good Health and Well-Being), and 8 (Decent Work and Economic Growth) through inclusive learning recovery, socio-emotional support, and teacher welfare. Its sustainability contribution lies in informing institutional capacity-building, equitable educational opportunities, and continuing professional support for effective ARAL implementation.

The main objective of this study is to analyse the effectiveness of supervision techniques in Islamic educational institutions as a quality assurance mechanism at MA Roudlotul Muta'alimin Cluring Banyuwangi. This research employs a qualitative approach with a case study design to understand the supervision techniques at MA Roudlotul Muta'alimin Cluring Banyuwangi as a quality assurance mechanism. Primary data were obtained through in-depth interviews with the principal, teachers, the school committee, and students, while secondary data were drawn from school documents and reports. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, participatory observations, and document studies. Data analysis was conducted thematically through coding, categorisation, and interpretation based on administrative and social aspects. Validity was maintained through triangulation and member checking, resulting in a holistic understanding and practical recommendations for quality assurance in Islamic education.The study at MA Roudlotul Muta'alimin Cluring Banyuwangi shows that supervision techniques play a strategic role in assuring the quality of Islamic education. The implementation of structured supervision improves the quality of learning, with teachers planning material more systematically and adjusting instructional methods to students' needs, thereby enhancing students' understanding and participation. Participatory supervision involving teachers, students, and the school committee strengthens the academic culture, encourages teacher motivation, increases creativity in teaching methods, and fosters student discipline and responsibility. The integration of administrative and social aspects produces a holistic and adaptive supervision mechanism, enabling objective performance evaluation, effective communication with parents, and relevant instructional strategies. The findings affirm that supervision functions as an instrument for teacher professional development, improvement of instructional quality, and the establishment of a sustainable academic culture

هدف اصلی این پژوهش، تحلیل اثربخشی تکنیک‌های نظارت در نهادهای آموزشی اسلامی به‌عنوان سازوکار تضمین کیفیت در دبیرستان اسلامی MA Roudlotul Muta'alimin Cluring Banyuwangi است. این پژوهش با رویکرد کیفی و با طراحی مطالعه موردی به بررسی تکنیک‌های نظارت در MA Roudlotul Muta'alimin Cluring Banyuwangi به‌عنوان سازوکار تضمین کیفیت می‌پردازد. داده‌های اولیه از طریق مصاحبه‌های عمیق با مدیر، معلمان، کمیته مدرسه و دانش‌آموزان گردآوری شده است و داده‌های ثانویه از اسناد و گزارش‌های مدرسه استخراج گردیده است. جمع‌آوری داده‌ها از طریق مصاحبه‌های نیمه‌ساختاریافته، مشاهدات مشارکتی و مطالعات اسنادی انجام شده است. تحلیل داده‌ها به‌صورت تماتیک از طریق کدگذاری، دسته‌بندی و تفسیر بر اساس جنبه‌های اداری و اجتماعی صورت گرفته است. روایی پژوهش از طریق مثلث‌سازی و بررسی اعضا حفظ شده است که منجر به درک جامع و ارائه توصیه‌های عملی برای تضمین کیفیت در آموزش اسلامی گردیده است. یافته‌های پژوهش در MA Roudlotul Muta'alimin Cluring Banyuwangi نشان می‌دهد که تکنیک‌های نظارت نقش راهبردی در تضمین کیفیت آموزش اسلامی ایفا می‌کنند. اجرای نظارت ساختاریافته موجب ارتقای کیفیت یادگیری شده است، به‌گونه‌ای که معلمان برنامه‌ریزی مطالب را به‌صورت نظام‌مندتر انجام داده و روش‌های تدریس را با نیازهای دانش‌آموزان تطبیق می‌دهند و در نتیجه، فهم و مشارکت دانش‌آموزان افزایش می‌یابد. نظارت مشارکتی با درگیر کردن معلمان، دانش‌آموزان و کمیته مدرسه، فرهنگ علمی را تقویت کرده، انگیزه معلمان را افزایش داده، خلاقیت در روش‌های تدریس را ارتقا بخشیده و انضباط و مسئولیت‌پذیری دانش‌آموزان را تقویت می‌کند. ادغام جنبه‌های اداری و اجتماعی، سازوکار نظارتی جامع و سازگاری را ایجاد می‌کند که امکان ارزیابی عینی عملکرد، ارتباط مؤثر با والدین و راهبردهای آموزشی مرتبط را فراهم می‌سازد. یافته‌ها تأیید می‌کند که نظارت به‌عنوان ابزاری برای توسعه حرفه‌ای معلمان، بهبود کیفیت تدریس و استقرار فرهنگ علمی پایدار عمل می‌کند.