روان‌شناسی تطبیقی

This article aims to establish the possibility of a phenomenological-hermeneutic psychopathology of anorexia nervosa based on Martin Heidegger's thought. To this end, it uses a narrative review methodology to articulate an understanding of the Phenomenological Psychopathology of this pathology, the problem of corporeality in Phenomenology and the Heideggerian perspective on corporeality, and the interrelationships between the technology age, anorexia nervosa and the body lived in the first person. It should be emphasized that the current model of descriptive psychopathology of signs and symptoms, as well as the cognitivist views that explain anorexia as an alteration of beliefs and body image, are insufficient to highlight the profound transformations that occur in the lived body (Leib) of the anorexic experience. This corporeality is experienced as a source of concern, constant measurement, the search to acquire a new identity, closure to otherness and alienation. A panorama of possible articulations of the temporality, spatiality and corporeality of such suffering is then established. In addition, based on the Heideggerian approach, which emphasizes the mundanity of the experience of the body, it is possible to establish a link between corporeality as an intermediary phenomenon and the world of technology, which emphasizes modes of relationship focused on control, manipulation, representation and objectification.

Behavior is a particular type of organic reaction. It is a cognitively guided reaction: it is an organic reaction guided by cognitions; and cognitions are registers of the internal states of an organism, or of the states of its environment, which allow that organism to functionally adjust the patterns that govern those particular organic reactions that are its behaviors. In turn, the mental states of a living being, its mind, are the set of its cognitive states; that is, the set of states resulting from cognitions that dispose it and allow it to behave in certain ways.

Abstract The concepts of archetypes and the collective unconscious are the most recognised among Carl G. Jung’s contributions. The collective unconscious is a component of the human psyche distinct from the personal unconscious and not derived from individual experience; therefore, it does not constitute a personal realization. Jung’s theory centres on the Collective Unconscious, which he defines as a repository of “racial memories,” primal images, and experiential patterns known as archetypes. Jungian literary criticism sharply contrasts with psychoanalytic criticism. Although he initially followed Sigmund Freud, Jung’s interpretation of depth psychology diverges significantly from that of his predecessor, creating a fundamental difference between Jungian literary criticism and psychoanalytic criticism. The purpose of this paper is to apply Jung’s theory, “Archetypes and The Collective Unconscious,” to the characters in J. C. Oates’s short story “Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been?” by analysing the archetypes of persona, anima/animus, shadow, and the self within the story to understand how these archetypes interact to shape the psyche of each character and their psychological behaviours throughout the story. Keywords: Collective Unconscious, Personal Unconscious, Archetypes, Persona, Anima/Animus, Shadow, Self, Psychoanalytic Criticism, Psychological Behaviours, Dreams and Visions