Background Academic burnout is a concern among undergraduate sports majors. Although previous studies have emphasized training- and school-related stressors, less is known about the role of family resources and related psychological mechanisms. Objective This study examined the associations among family capital, academic self-efficacy, and academic burnout, including differences across family capital dimensions and the mediating role of academic self-efficacy. Methods This cross-sectional study included 325 first- and second-year students enrolled in sports-related degree programs at a sports university in Yunnan Province, China. Pearson correlation, one-way ANOVA, and mediation analysis using PROCESS Model 4 with 5,000 bootstrap resamples were conducted. Results Family capital was positively associated with academic self-efficacy (r = 0.554, p < 0.001) and negatively associated with academic burnout (r = −0.575, p < 0.001). Cultural and social capital were significantly associated with higher self-efficacy and lower burnout, whereas economic capital was not significantly associated with burnout. Students with lower family capital reported lower self-efficacy and higher burnout. Academic self-efficacy partially mediated the association between family capital and burnout (B = −0.52, 95% CI [−0.66, −0.40]), accounting for 44.33% of the total effect. Conclusion Family capital was associated with academic burnout among undergraduate sports majors, with stronger associations for cultural and social capital than for economic capital. Academic self-efficacy represented a partial mediating pathway. Universities should provide targeted academic guidance, learning support, and educational and career information for students with limited family resources and lower academic self-efficacy.
In recent years, psychological strain among young people has increased worldwide due to numerous social crises. School and classroom performance requirements are primary sources of stress for students. Classroom stress emerges when the demands of a teaching situation surpass personal resources, such as self-efficacy beliefs (SEB). Scientific inquiry-based activities, including experiments or modeling, pose a significant challenge in science lessons because students have limited resources in this area, even by the end of lower secondary school. Consequently, an elevated stress level is anticipated in such situations. This exploratory study examined secondary school students’ heart rate variability (n = 86 valid data sets), an indicator of physiological stress, during inquiry-based and non-inquiry-based (communication) situations in science lessons. Moreover, a hierarchical cluster analysis was conducted to investigate whether stress levels differed as a function of individual dispositions that encompassed both stress levels and scientific SEBs. Overall, no significantly elevated stress level was observed during inquiry-based situations. Nevertheless, three types of students with different physiological stress responses were identified, suggesting that individual dispositions are pivotal in guiding personalized stress prevention in science lessons.
در سال‌های اخیر، فشار روانی در میان جوانان در سراسر جهان به دلیل بحران‌های اجتماعی متعدد افزایش یافته است. الزامات عملکردی مدرسه و کلاس درس از منابع اصلی استرس برای دانش‌آموزان به‌شمار می‌روند. استرس کلاسی زمانی بروز می‌کند که الزامات یک موقعیت آموزشی از منابع فردی، مانند باورهای خودکارآمدی (SEB)، فراتر رود. فعالیت‌های علمی مبتنی بر پژوهش، از جمله آزمایش یا مدل‌سازی، در درس علوم چالشی قابل توجه محسوب می‌شوند، زیرا دانش‌آموزان حتی تا پایان دوره متوسطه اول نیز منابع محدودی در این زمینه دارند. بنابراین، انتظار می‌رود که در چنین موقعیت‌هایی سطح استرس افزایش یابد. این مطالعه اکتشافی، تغییرپذیری ضربان قلب دانش‌آموزان دوره متوسطه (n = 86 مجموعه داده معتبر) را به عنوان شاخصی از استرس فیزیولوژیک، در موقعیت‌های مبتنی بر پژوهش و غیرمبتنی بر پژوهش (ارتباطی) در کلاس‌های علوم مورد بررسی قرار داد. علاوه بر این، یک تحلیل خوشه‌ای سلسله‌مراتبی به منظور بررسی تفاوت سطوح استرس بر اساس ویژگی‌های فردی که هم سطوح استرس و هم SEB علمی را در بر می‌گرفت، انجام شد. به طور کلی، در موقعیت‌های مبتنی بر پژوهش، افزایش معناداری در سطح استرس مشاهده نشد. با این حال، سه نوع دانش‌آموز با پاسخ‌های متفاوت استرس فیزیولوژیک شناسایی شدند که نشان می‌دهد ویژگی‌های فردی در هدایت پیشگیری شخصی‌سازی‌شده از استرس در کلاس‌های علوم نقش محوری دارند.
