boundary spanning

This qualitative study examines how K–12 educational leaders describe and make sense of their leadership practices related to instructional support, evaluation and improvement strategies, collaborative relationships and trust, and parent and community engagement. Drawing on open-ended survey responses from practicing school and district leaders, the study employs inductive thematic analysis to explore leadership efficacy as enacted through daily practice rather than expressed solely as an abstract belief. Guided by Bandura’s self-efficacy theory, Bronfenbrenner’s ecological systems theory, and transformational leadership theory as interpretive lenses, leaders’ narratives are situated within the relational and contextual systems shaping leadership work. Findings reveal a coherent, practice-oriented leadership narrative grounded in collaboration, trust-building, reflective practice, and responsiveness to local context. Instructional leadership and evaluation were consistently framed as growth-oriented, relational processes, while collaborative relationships and trust emerged as foundational conditions enabling leadership practice across domains. Parent and community engagement was described as a reciprocal, boundary-spanning function rooted in communication, visibility, and partnership. Collectively, the findings position leadership efficacy as a relational and contextually embedded practice and highlight implications for leadership preparation and professional learning.

Introduction This study explores how ADHD-related neurodiversity is experienced within marketing teams, particularly in customer-oriented and boundary-spanning work. Method Using a grounded theory approach, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 35 marketing managers, frontline employees, and freelancers/consultants, including 19 participants with a formal ADHD diagnosis and 16 participants with direct professional experience working with colleagues with ADHD. Results The analysis generated three theoretical codes: Neurodiverse Cognitive Synergy, Mediated Empathy in Boundary-Spanning, and Resilient Organizational Adaptation. The findings indicate that ADHD-related characteristics, including divergent thinking, creativity, intense focus, and adaptability, may be experienced as resources. At the same time, impulsivity, distraction, stress, communication difficulties, and social isolation may create challenges. These outcomes appear to depend on task demands, role fit, interpersonal relationships, and organizational support. Contribution The study develops an exploratory, data-grounded framework that explains how organizational and relational conditions may shape how ADHD-related characteristics are engaged in customer-oriented marketing work, without assuming a direct or causal relationship between ADHD and innovation.

مقدمه: این مطالعه به بررسی تجربه تنوع‌عصبی مرتبط با ADHD در تیم‌های بازاریابی، به‌ویژه در فعالیت‌های مشتری‌محور و مرزگشایی می‌پردازد. روش: با استفاده از رویکرد نظریه داده‌بنیاد، مصاحبه‌های نیمه‌ساختاریافته با ۳۵ نفر از مدیران بازاریابی، کارکنان خط مقدم و فریلنسرها/مشاوران انجام شد که شامل ۱۹ نفر با تشخیص رسمی ADHD و ۱۶ نفر با تجربه حرفه‌ای مستقیم در همکاری با همکاران دارای ADHD بودند. نتایج: تحلیل داده‌ها به استخراج سه کد نظری انجامید: هم‌افزایی شناختی تنوع‌عصبی، همدلی میانجی‌شده در مرزگشایی و سازگاری سازمانی مقاوم. یافته‌ها نشان می‌دهد ویژگی‌های مرتبط با ADHD از جمله تفکر واگرا، خلاقیت، تمرکز شدید و سازگاری می‌تواند به عنوان منابعی تجربه شود؛ در حالی که تکانشگری، حواس‌پرتی، استرس، دشواری‌های ارتباطی و انزوای اجتماعی ممکن است چالش‌هایی ایجاد کند. این پیامدها به نظر می‌رسد به الزامات وظیفه، تناسب نقش، روابط بین‌فردی و حمایت سازمانی وابسته باشد. مشارکت: این پژوهش چارچوبی اکتشافی و داده‌بنیاد ارائه می‌دهد که تبیین می‌کند چگونه شرایط سازمانی و ارتباطی می‌تواند نحوه به‌کارگیری ویژگی‌های مرتبط با ADHD را در فعالیت‌های بازاریابی مشتری‌محور شکل دهد، بدون آنکه رابطه‌ای مستقیم یا علّی میان ADHD و نوآوری فرض شود.