student well-being

The rapid integration of digital technologies into teaching, learning, and assessment has created new avenues through which technology-facilitated gender-based violence (TFGBV) may occur in school settings. Existing scholarship has examined TFGBV mainly through the lenses of cyberbullying, digital safety, and student well-being. At the same time, emerging work has also begun to conceptualise digital assessment systems as sites of structural and institutional gendered risk. Building on this systems-level perspective, this conceptual paper shifts attention to the pedagogical and interactional layer of digital assessment, examining how teachers' assessment design and oversight decisions may shape the conditions under which TFGBV becomes more or less likely. Developed through a critical interdisciplinary literature review, the paper draws on Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory, digital citizenship frameworks, and classroom assessment scholarship to examine how learning management systems, peer assessment tools, collaborative online assignments, and social media-integrated assessment activities may create conditions conducive to gendered harassment, image-based abuse, and exclusionary behaviour among learners of all genders. The paper proposes the Assessment-Mediated Digital Ethics (AMDE) framework, a theoretically grounded but not yet empirically validated model integrating gender-responsive assessment design, embedded digital behavioural expectations, and structured teacher oversight. AMDE is presented as a complementary pedagogical extension of existing justice-oriented approaches to digital assessment and TFGBV, rather than as a claim of first conceptualisation. The framework provides a basis for future empirical research examining teacher-mediated assessment practices and their relationship to digital safety, ethical participation, and TFGBV risk across diverse educational contexts. Responsibility for TFGBV prevention is understood as shared among teachers, learners, schools, families, technology providers, and policymakers.

The article examines the potential of mindfulness exercises for promoting students’ well-being and improving the effectiveness of English language teaching in higher education institutions of Ukraine. The relevance of the study is due to the increasing levels of stress, anxiety, emotional exhaustion, and reduced motivation among students, particularly in the context of the ongoing war in Ukraine, which highlights the need for educational approaches that support both academic achievement and psychological well-being. The paper reviews contemporary theoretical and empirical research on mindfulness, outlines its core principles, and analyses their application to the foreign language classroom. Particular attention is paid to the contribution of mindfulness to reducing foreign language anxiety, strengthening emotional regulation, increasing resilience, motivation, self-efficacy, concentration, memory, communication skills, and speaking performance. The article also discusses the pedagogical principles underlying effective mindfulness instruction, including intention, attention, attitude, inquiry-based learning, and the creation of a supportive and non-judgemental learning environment. Furthermore, the principles of non-judgement, acceptance, beginner’s mind, patience, non-striving, trust, letting go, and compassion are interpreted in relation to English language learning. Based on the analysed literature, the paper proposes a set of practical mindfulness activities that can be integrated into English language lessons, including mindful breathing, listening, writing, conversations, body scanning, movement, grounding, visualisation, art practices, and savouring. These activities may be used as lesson warm-ups, fillers, transitions, or independent learning tasks to foster students’ emotional well-being while simultaneously developing their communicative competence. It is concluded that mindfulness represents a valuable pedagogical approach capable of creating psychologically safe and engaging learning environments that support both language acquisition and personal development.

Digital technologies have become integral to higher education, yet the psychological strain they create for students is still poorly understood from the students’ own perspective, particularly in developing countries. This qualitative study explored university students lived experiences of digital stress (used interchangeably with technology stress and technostress to denote stress arising from digital devices and technology-based academic systems), including its sources, psychological impacts, and coping strategies. A phenomenological qualitative design was employed. Fifteen students (7 male, 8 females; aged 19–28 years) enrolled in BS, MS/MPhil, and PhD programmes at public and private universities in Islamabad and Rawalpindi, Pakistan, were selected through purposive sampling and interviewed using semi-structured, in-depth interviews. The data were analysed using the thematic analysis approach of Braun and Clarke (2006). Five themes were identified: (1) Academic Digital Overload, (2) Technological Anxiety and Uncertainty, (3) Emotional and Cognitive Exhaustion, (4) Constant Connectivity Pressure, and (5) Coping Strategies for Digital Stress. Students described managing multiple platforms and a continuous digital workload, fear of technical failure during examinations and submissions, mental fatigue, reduced concentration and irritability, and an expectation of being permanently available. Despite these stressors, students used time management, digital breaks, and peer support to cope. Interpreted through Technostress Theory and the Transactional Model of Stress and Coping, the findings show that digital stress is a multidimensional phenomenon shaped by academic demands, technological environments, and coping resources. Universities should develop student-centred digital learning systems that reduce technology-induced stress and promote psychological well-being.

Background: Examination periods can coincide with psychological stress, sleep difficulties, and uncertainty about academic performance. Students may continue to feel tense while waiting for results or further assessment, particularly when they are unsure how well they answered the examination questions. Objective: To describe students’ reported stress and sleep difficulties before and after examinations at Gori State University and European University, and to explore themes appearing in anonymous open-ended questionnaire responses. Methods: The study is described as a comparative questionnaire study involving 50 students, with 25 participants from each university. Anonymous questionnaires were administered before and after an examination. The questionnaire asked about stress, sleep, feeling tired or sleepless, waiting for further assessment or results, and students’ perceptions of how they had answered the test. Results: The preliminary account supplied for this draft indicates that sleep difficulty associated with stress and concern while waiting for further assessment were recurring concerns in open-ended responses. The initial estimate was approximately 5% of students reporting satisfaction with their answers. With 50 participants, the closest possible whole-person counts are 2 students (4%) or 3 students (6%); the original questionnaires must be checked to establish which count is correct. No further frequency estimates or statistical tests are reported because participant-level data were not provided for analysis. Conclusion: Anonymous pre- and post-examination questionnaires may help educators identify students’ concerns about sleep, stress, and uncertainty. Findings should be interpreted as preliminary until response counts, scoring procedures, ethics information, and the exact number of students reporting satisfaction are verified.

Shared Reading (SR) is a communal well-being intervention in which a literary text is read aloud and discussed in a group. A form of emotion-centred close reading, SR emerged as a reaction against elitist academic norms and was developed in an attempt to emotionalise and democratise literary study by moving it outside of the confines of the university. This theoretical essay argues that humanities and social science lecturers might benefit from introducing SR praxis into their classes. Each section analyses an aspect of SR through emotionally engaged (hooks, Palmer), relational (Hickey, Riddle, Gravett), and critical (Freire) pedagogical and theoretical lenses, arguing that SR serves many of the aspirations of these pedagogies. I then consider how SR might be implemented in an academic setting and the kind of adaptations that might be necessary. This essay is a thought experiment which I hope will lay the groundwork for a more sustained and applied experiment in SR. Throughout, I argue that infusing SR into university settings has the potential to positively benefit student well-being and academic performance.

Final-year engineering students frequently face severe psychological stress driven by demanding capstone projects and rigorous accreditation standards. This research proposes a novel decision-support framework to objectively evaluate, categorize, and systematically manage academic stress among engineering undergraduates. By integrating automated non-parametric machine learning with a multi-criteria network decision model, the research bridges diagnostic psychological profiling and strategic institutional intervention. Data were gathered from six hundred eleven final-year students across four engineering departments using a validated psychometric questionnaire. The automated classification engine utilizes a nearest-neighbor algorithm based on spatial Euclidean proximity to categorize individual distress severity into depression, anxiety, and stress levels without relying on rigid parametric assumptions. Subsequently, a strategic situational assessment and a multi-perspective personal performance framework were established to translate abstract psychological findings into measurable indicators. Clinical experts and academic domain specialists evaluated these indicators using an analytical network process, incorporating complex interdependencies and feedback loops to compute steady-state priority weights. Empirical results revealed that over ninety percent of respondents experienced at least moderate psychological distress. Crucially, the mathematical prioritization demonstrated that the financial perspective holds the paramount priority weight, followed by internal cognitive resilience, continuous knowledge acquisition, and external social relationships. This proves that financial stability serves as a foundational prerequisite for academic recovery and intellectual execution. The primary contribution of this research lies in converting static psychometric evaluations into a dynamic, clinically validated decision-support tool. Higher education institutions and academic counselors can implement this prioritized framework to allocate institutional resources effectively, design targeted financial relief initiatives, and optimize student well-being alongside academic excellence.

Pesantren-based madrasahs may organize religious and general learning through two configurations, separated and integrated, yet students' experiences under the two configurations are rarely compared sequentially within one institution. Prior studies mostly address the epistemological and curricular dimensions of knowledge integration, while students' experiences under both configurations have not been compared directly. This study compares academic achievement, religious understanding, and student well-being between the cohort of students who studied under the separated system and the cohort who later studied under the integrated system at MA Khozinatul Ulum Blora, as reported by teachers and students. It uses an embedded case study with two units of analysis. Thirteen informants took part: five students from each cohort, one madrasah diniyah teacher, one general subject teacher, and one deputy head for curriculum. Data came from semi-structured interviews for both cohorts, along with observation and document analysis for the currently running integrated system, analyzed thematically with triangulation. Three differences emerged. Separated-system students described more structured learning, whereas integrated-system students described difficulty keeping focus as the scope of material widened. Broader religious understanding across subjects was described by integrated-system students, while separated-system students tied it to religion class hours. Fatigue was reported more often in the integrated group. The study contributes a comparison of two periods of learning systems within one institution.

This study assessed the timeliness and delays in the payment of tuition fees among college students at Mallig Plains Colleges, Inc. (MPCI) during the academic year 2026 as the foundational basis for crafting a responsive financial monitoring plan. Employing a quantitative descriptive-correlational research design, the study gathered data from 60 randomly selected college students across six academic programs. Statistical analysis including frequencies, means, t-tests, Pearson correlation, and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) revealed that gender, course, year level, primary sponsor, and parental occupation exhibited no significant relationship with payment timeliness. Instead, punctuality was strongly tied to situational and behavioral dynamics. The findings demonstrated that timely tuition fee payments exert a very high positive impact on students’ academic and administrative fluidity and psychosocial stability, effectively removing administrative barriers and mitigating social stigmas. Conversely, delayed payments generated severe ramifications, acting as a direct catalyst for significant institutional bottlenecks and profound socio-economic and emotional barriers, including heightened exam-week anxiety and dropout tendencies. Income volatility due to seasonal agricultural livelihoods and emergency health expenses were identified as the primary economic triggers of payment friction. Alongside, clear institutional communication, accessible payment infrastructure, and strict policy enforcement acted as crucial external determinants of student compliance. While payment timeliness remained uniform across demographics, a significant difference emerged between genders regarding their financial responsibility styles and administrative engagement methods. Based on these insights, a comprehensive Monitoring Plan is proposed to transition the institution from a reactive to a proactive financial framework, optimizing collections while safeguarding student well-being.

Social and emotional learning (SEL) is increasingly recognized as an important component of elementary education, supporting students’ social-emotional development, engagement, well-being, and academic learning. However, the relationships among teacher social-emotional competence, learning climate, implementation quality, and student outcomes remain insufficiently integrated, particularly in the Indonesian context. This study aims to synthesize literature on these relationships and examine their implications for SEL implementation in Indonesian elementary schools. A narrative literature review was conducted using an existing source corpus supplemented by relevant peer-reviewed literature. The synthesis examined major themes concerning teacher competence, classroom practices, learning climate, student outcomes, implementation conditions, and contextual adaptation. The findings suggest that teacher competence is associated with the quality of SEL enactment, while a supportive learning climate provides a context for student participation and social-emotional learning. Implementation quality and cultural context also shape how SEL is adapted and sustained. These relationships should not be interpreted as a universally established causal pathway. The review highlights the need for context-responsive teacher development, school-level support, and rigorous evaluation of SEL practices. Future empirical research in Indonesian elementary schools should investigate these relationships using longitudinal and mixed-methods approaches.

Teacher development is essential for improving instructional quality and supporting sustainable school improvement. This study examined teacher development needs across educational stages in selected schools in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) by focusing on three key domains: classroom practices, family engagement, and school support. Using a quantitative descriptive-comparative research design, data were collected through a structured survey administered to teachers representing the Early Years Foundation Stage (EYFS), Primary, and Secondary levels. Descriptive statistics, One-Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), and rank-order analysis were employed to determine the levels of teacher development indicators, examine differences across educational stages, and identify priority areas for professional development. The findings revealed high levels of teacher development across all three domains, with classroom practices receiving the highest ratings, followed by family engagement and school support. No statistically significant differences were found in classroom practices, family engagement, or school support across educational stages, indicating that teachers shared similar professional experiences regardless of teaching level. However, item-level analysis identified important developmental priorities, including strengthening student motivation, enhancing family-school partnerships, improving student well-being monitoring, and expanding opportunities for teacher participation in school decision-making. Based on these findings, the Teacher Development Enhancement Framework (TDEF) was developed to provide stage-specific interventions for EYFS, Primary, and Secondary teachers. The framework offers school leaders and policymakers an evidence-based guide for designing targeted professional development initiatives that strengthen instructional practice, organizational support, and collaborative partnerships, ultimately contributing to sustainable teacher growth and improved educational quality in UAE schools.

Despite the growing literature on first-generation students, limited research has examined how intersecting socioeconomic, cultural, linguistic, and institutional barriers shape the higher education experiences of first-generation Sama Indigenous students in Tawi-Tawi, Philippines. Thus, this study investigated the socioeconomic challenges encountered by first-generation Indigenous Sama students pursuing higher education in Tawi-Tawi and examined how these challenges affect their academic performance and overall well-being. A qualitative case study design was employed. Seven fourth-year first-generation Sama undergraduate students enrolled in higher education institution in Tawi-Tawi were selected through purposive sampling based on ethnicity, first-generation status, final-year enrollment, and residency. Data were gathered through semi-structured interviews lasting 45–58 minutes, audio-recorded with consent, transcribed, cleaned, and analyzed using a four-stage thematic coding process: initial coding, frequency count, categorization, and theme development. Addressing this gap, the study found four major challenges : financial and economic struggles, including poverty, job anxiety, and lack of scholarship support; academic and institutional challenges, such as heavy workloads, teacher-centered instruction, and literacy gaps; social and cultural factors, including language barriers, discrimination, and social comparison; and family and socioeconomic conditions, such as parental loss, limited income, and unstable housing. Impacts included spiritual and emotional strength as the primary coping mechanism, time-management struggles, career aspirations, health decline, and mental health strain. The findings underscore the need for targeted financial assistance, culturally responsive academic support, inclusive teacher training, and stronger collaboration among educational institutions, government agencies, and community leaders to improve retention, academic success, and well-being among first-generation Indigenous students in marginalized island communities.

با وجود افزایش پژوهش‌ها درباره دانشجویان نسل اول، تحقیقات محدودی به بررسی چگونگی تأثیر تلاقی موانع اقتصادی، فرهنگی، زبانی و نهادی بر تجارب آموزش عالی دانشجویان بومی ساما نسل اول در تاوی-تاوی، فیلیپین پرداخته‌اند. بنابراین، این مطالعه به بررسی چالش‌های اقتصادی-اجتماعی پیش‌روی دانشجویان بومی ساما نسل اول که در تاوی-تاوی به تحصیلات عالی می‌پردازند، و تأثیر این چالش‌ها بر عملکرد تحصیلی و بهزیستی کلی آنان پرداخت. این پژوهش با رویکرد کیفی و طرح مطالعه موردی انجام شد. هفت دانشجوی کارشناسی سال چهارم نسل اول ساما که در یک مؤسسه آموزش عالی در تاوی-تاوی ثبت‌نام کرده بودند، با نمونه‌گیری هدفمند بر اساس قومیت، وضعیت نسل اول، ثبت‌نام در سال پایانی و محل سکونت انتخاب شدند. داده‌ها از طریق مصاحبه‌های نیمه‌ساختاریافته به مدت ۴۵ تا ۵۸ دقیقه جمع‌آوری شد که با رضایت شرکت‌کنندگان ضبط صوتی، رونویسی، پاک‌سازی و با استفاده از فرایند کدگذاری چهار مرحله‌ای شامل کدگذاری اولیه، شمارش فراوانی، دسته‌بندی و توسعه تم‌ها تحلیل گردید. این مطالعه با پرداختن به این خلأ، چهار چالش عمده را شناسایی کرد: مشکلات مالی و اقتصادی از جمله فقر، اضطراب شغلی و فقدان حمایت بورسیه؛ چالش‌های تحصیلی و نهادی مانند حجم بالای کار، آموزش معلم‌محور و شکاف‌های سواد؛ عوامل اجتماعی و فرهنگی شامل موانع زبانی، تبعیض و مقایسه اجتماعی؛ و شرایط خانوادگی و اقتصادی-اجتماعی مانند فقدان والدین، درآمد محدود و مسکن ناپایدار. پیامدها شامل قدرت معنوی و عاطفی به عنوان راهبرد اصلی مقابله، مشکلات مدیریت زمان، آرزوهای شغلی، افت سلامت و فشار روانی بود. یافته‌ها بر ضرورت حمایت مالی هدفمند، پشتیبانی تحصیلی متناسب با فرهنگ، آموزش فراگیر معلمان و همکاری قوی‌تر میان مؤسسات آموزشی، نهادهای دولتی و رهبران جامعه برای بهبود ماندگاری، موفقیت تحصیلی و بهزیستی دانشجویان بومی نسل اول در جوامع جزیره‌ای محروم تأکید دارد.

This article is a direct continuation of a previous paper that presented the growing problem of emotional dysregulation among students in Israel, exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic and the ongoing war following October 7, 2023. While the previous article described the scope of the problem and the existing knowledge gap, this article proposes a theoretical framework for understanding a mechanism that may help address it: secure attachment between teacher and student. Drawing on Bowlby's (1969, 1980) attachment theory and Ainsworth et al.'s (1978) work, the article examines how teacher-student relationships characterized by warmth, sensitivity, and trust, known as a 'secure base', contribute to emotional regulation, academic achievement, and students' psychological well-being. Special attention is given to the rehabilitative potential of such relationships as a corrective factor for children with insecure attachment histories, and to the role of teachers as protective figures during the ongoing Israeli security crisis. The review highlights consistent findings in the international literature, alongside a substantial research gap in the Israeli context: no systematic study has been conducted in Israel examining the relationship between attachment style (secure vs. insecure) between teacher and student and emotional regulation capacities among elementary school students.

این مقاله ادامه مستقیم مقاله‌ای پیشین است که به مسئله رو به رشد اختلال در تنظیم هیجانی در میان دانش‌آموزان در اسرائیل می‌پرداخت؛ مسئله‌ای که با همه‌گیری کووید-۱۹ و جنگ جاری پس از ۷ اکتبر ۲۰۲۳ تشدید شده است. در حالی که مقاله قبلی به توصیف ابعاد این مشکل و شکاف دانشی موجود اختصاص یافته بود، مقاله حاضر چارچوبی نظری برای درک سازوکاری که می‌تواند به حل این مسئله کمک کند، ارائه می‌دهد: دلبستگی ایمن میان معلم و دانش‌آموز. با استناد به نظریه دلبستگی Bowlby (۱۹۶۹، ۱۹۸۰) و آثار Ainsworth و همکاران (۱۹۷۸)، این مقاله بررسی می‌کند که چگونه روابط معلم‌ـ‌دانش‌آموز مبتنی بر گرمی، حساسیت و اعتماد که به عنوان «پایگاه ایمن» شناخته می‌شود، به تنظیم هیجانی، موفقیت تحصیلی و بهزیستی روان‌شناختی دانش‌آموزان کمک می‌کند. توجه ویژه‌ای به ظرفیت بازتوانی چنین روابطی به عنوان عاملی اصلاح‌گر برای کودکانی با پیشینه دلبستگی ناایمن و همچنین نقش معلمان به عنوان چهره‌های حمایتی در بحران امنیتی جاری اسرائیل معطوف شده است. این مرور، یافته‌های همسو در ادبیات بین‌المللی را برجسته می‌کند و در عین حال به شکاف قابل توجه پژوهشی در زمینه اسرائیل اشاره دارد: تاکنون هیچ مطالعه نظام‌مندی در اسرائیل درباره رابطه سبک دلبستگی (ایمن در برابر ناایمن) میان معلم و دانش‌آموز و ظرفیت‌های تنظیم هیجانی در میان دانش‌آموزان دبستانی انجام نشده است.

This study examines the implementation of collaborative supervision and its contribution to student well-being at MI Al Mubarok Uman Agung, Central Lampung Regency. A qualitative approach with a case study design was employed. The participants included the principal, three classroom teachers, and three students selected purposively. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, participant observation, and documentation. Data credibility was established through source and technique triangulation and member checking, while data analysis followed the interactive model of Miles and Huberman. The findings indicate that collaborative supervision was implemented through three interconnected stages: participatory planning, non-interventionist classroom observation, and dialogic reflection and follow-up. This approach reduced teachers' anxiety, encouraged openness during reflection, and supported changes in classroom practices. Its contribution to student well-being was most evident in the loving dimension through warmer teacher-student relationships and in the being dimension through greater student participation in learning. However, its contribution to the having and health dimensions remained limited because these aspects were closely related to school facilities and health-related policies. The study demonstrates that collaborative supervision can contribute to a school environment that supports student well-being, particularly by strengthening teachers' professional and interpersonal practices.

این پژوهش به بررسی اجرای نظارت مشارکتی و نقش آن در بهزیستی دانش‌آموزان در مدرسه MI Al Mubarok Uman Agung، شهرستان لامپونگ مرکزی می‌پردازد. رویکرد کیفی با طرح مطالعه موردی به کار گرفته شده است. شرکت‌کنندگان شامل مدیر مدرسه، سه معلم کلاس و سه دانش‌آموز بودند که به صورت هدفمند انتخاب شدند. داده‌ها از طریق مصاحبه‌های نیمه‌ساختاریافته، مشاهده مشارکتی و اسناد جمع‌آوری گردید. اعتبار داده‌ها از طریق مثلث‌سازی منبع و روش و بررسی اعضا تأمین شد و تحلیل داده‌ها بر اساس مدل تعاملی Miles و Huberman انجام گرفت. یافته‌ها نشان می‌دهد که نظارت مشارکتی از طریق سه مرحله به هم پیوسته شامل برنامه‌ریزی مشارکتی، مشاهده کلاس بدون مداخله و بازتاب و پیگیری گفت‌وگومحور اجرا شده است. این رویکرد موجب کاهش اضطراب معلمان، تقویت شفافیت در بازتاب و حمایت از تغییرات در شیوه‌های تدریس شد. نقش آن در بهزیستی دانش‌آموزان عمدتاً در بعد محبت‌آمیز از طریق روابط گرم‌تر معلم و دانش‌آموز و در بعد بودن از طریق مشارکت بیشتر دانش‌آموزان در یادگیری مشهود بود. با این حال، نقش آن در ابعاد داشتن و سلامت محدود باقی ماند، زیرا این جنبه‌ها ارتباط نزدیکی با امکانات مدرسه و سیاست‌های مرتبط با سلامت داشتند. این پژوهش نشان می‌دهد که نظارت مشارکتی می‌تواند به محیط مدرسه‌ای که از بهزیستی دانش‌آموزان حمایت می‌کند، به ویژه از طریق تقویت شایستگی‌های حرفه‌ای و بین‌فردی معلمان، کمک نماید.

Background: Refugee students newly enrolled in U.S. schools encounter academic, socialization, and mental health challenges because of trauma, language barriers, and cultural differences. Many have had limited or interrupted access to formal education in their home country. This study aimed to gain the perspectives of refugee students on their lived experiences and explore the impact of an occupational therapy intervention guided by the Kawa model on the well-being of this student population. Methods: The researchers employed a convergent mixed-methods design. Refugee students (n = 8) created Kawa models, which provided rich, qualitative data. Participants completed pre and posttest surveys. Quantitative data gathered from surveys were used to measure students' understanding of their supports and barriers. Results: All participants demonstrated a 49% positive change in their perceived knowledge of their strengths, challenges, and supports. Qualitative analysis of participants’ Kawa creations revealed multiple collective themes throughout the migration stages of refugee students. Conclusion: This study's findings support existing evidence that culturally sensitive, person-centered interventions, such as one guided by the Kawa model, result in positive outcomes for refugee students. As school districts examine equitable practices for refugee children, occupational therapy support guided by the Kawa model may be a valuable contribution.

زمینه: دانش‌آموزان پناهنده‌ای که به‌تازگی در مدارس ایالات متحده ثبت‌نام کرده‌اند، به دلیل تجربه تروما، موانع زبانی و تفاوت‌های فرهنگی با چالش‌های تحصیلی، اجتماعی و سلامت روان مواجه می‌شوند. بسیاری از این دانش‌آموزان در کشور مبدأ خود دسترسی محدود یا منقطع به آموزش رسمی داشته‌اند. هدف این مطالعه، کسب دیدگاه‌های دانش‌آموزان پناهنده درباره تجارب زیسته آنان و بررسی تأثیر مداخله کاردرمانی مبتنی بر مدل کاوا بر بهزیستی این گروه از دانش‌آموزان بود. روش‌ها: پژوهشگران از طرح آمیخته همگرا استفاده کردند. دانش‌آموزان پناهنده (n = 8) مدل‌های کاوا را ایجاد کردند که داده‌های کیفی غنی فراهم نمود. شرکت‌کنندگان پرسشنامه‌های پیش‌آزمون و پس‌آزمون را تکمیل کردند. داده‌های کمی گردآوری‌شده از پرسشنامه‌ها برای سنجش درک دانش‌آموزان از حمایت‌ها و موانع‌شان به کار رفت. یافته‌ها: همه شرکت‌کنندگان ۴۹٪ تغییر مثبت در دانش ادراک‌شده خود نسبت به نقاط قوت، چالش‌ها و حمایت‌هایشان نشان دادند. تحلیل کیفی مدل‌های کاوای شرکت‌کنندگان، مضامین جمعی متعددی را در مراحل مختلف مهاجرت دانش‌آموزان پناهنده آشکار ساخت. نتیجه‌گیری: یافته‌های این مطالعه شواهد موجود را تأیید می‌کند که مداخلات حساس به فرهنگ و فردمحور، مانند مداخله مبتنی بر مدل کاوا، منجر به پیامدهای مثبت برای دانش‌آموزان پناهنده می‌شود. با توجه به بررسی شیوه‌های عادلانه برای کودکان پناهنده در مناطق آموزشی، حمایت کاردرمانی مبتنی بر مدل کاوا می‌تواند سهم ارزشمندی باشد.

Universities increasingly rely on personal tutoring to support student wellbeing, belonging, and academic progression, yet the role remains structurally ambiguous and inconsistently resourced. This qualitative study examined the lived experiences and challenges of personal tutors at a large UK Russell Group university. Twenty-one tutors from diverse academic disciplines participated in one-to-one semi-structured interviews, which were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. Three themes were generated: Relational Labour, encompassing the emotional and interpersonal labour required to build and sustain student trust; Navigating the role characterised by inconsistent training, reliance on informal peer support, and the strain of managing complex student issues alongside competing academic duties; and Structural fragmentation, highlighting fragmented communication systems, role ambiguity, and the absence of coordinated structures for tutor support. Collectively, the findings show that personal tutoring functions as an undervalued form of emotional and organisational labour, sustained by individual goodwill rather than institutional design. The study demonstrates the need for clear role definitions, recognition of workload, competency-based training, and integrated support systems to safeguard tutor wellbeing and improve the quality of student support.

دانشگاه‌ها به طور فزاینده‌ای برای حمایت از سلامت روان، احساس تعلق و پیشرفت تحصیلی دانشجویان به نقش استادان مشاور تکیه می‌کنند، با این حال این نقش از نظر ساختاری مبهم بوده و منابع آن به طور ناهماهنگ تخصیص یافته است. این مطالعه کیفی به بررسی تجربه‌های زیسته و چالش‌های استادان مشاور در یکی از دانشگاه‌های بزرگ گروه راسل در بریتانیا پرداخت. بیست‌ویک استاد مشاور از رشته‌های مختلف دانشگاهی در مصاحبه‌های نیمه‌ساختاریافته فردی شرکت کردند که با استفاده از تحلیل تماتیک بازتابی مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفت. سه تم اصلی استخراج شد: «کار عاطفی و ارتباطی» که شامل تلاش‌های عاطفی و بین‌فردی لازم برای ایجاد و حفظ اعتماد دانشجو است؛ «پیمایش نقش» که با آموزش ناهماهنگ، اتکا به حمایت غیررسمی همتایان و فشار ناشی از مدیریت مسائل پیچیده دانشجویی در کنار وظایف رقابتی دانشگاهی مشخص می‌شود؛ و «گسست ساختاری» که به نظام‌های ارتباطی پراکنده، ابهام نقش و فقدان ساختارهای هماهنگ برای حمایت از استادان مشاور اشاره دارد. یافته‌ها نشان می‌دهد که نقش استاد مشاور به عنوان شکلی کم‌ارزش‌شده از کار عاطفی و سازمانی عمل می‌کند که بیشتر بر پایه حسن نیت فردی تا طراحی نهادی پایدار است. این مطالعه بر ضرورت تعریف روشن نقش، به رسمیت شناختن حجم کار، آموزش مبتنی بر شایستگی و نظام‌های حمایت یکپارچه برای حفظ سلامت روان استادان مشاور و ارتقای کیفیت حمایت از دانشجویان تأکید می‌کند.

Procrastination is unnecessary delay that can cause various problems. There are uncertainties around how common exactly it is among students, how much it affects them, and how its prevalence and impact compare to those of other issues that students regularly face. Accordingly, this study examines data from 65,950 students (in all degree types and stages), who were surveyed across 97 US institutions of higher education as part of the American College Health Association-National College Health Assessment (ACHA-NCHA). Students were asked about 36 life and health issues, like procrastination, career, finances, appearance, family, bullying, anxiety, depression, ADHD, sleep difficulties, allergies, and influenza. Procrastination was found to be the most common issue that students reported (functionally tied with stress), affecting 72.3% of them. Procrastination was also the issue that most often harmed students’ academic performance, affecting 45.4% of them (62.7% of those who experienced it), which was several times as often as issues like finances (2.8x) and ADHD (3.5x). And, procrastination was the most common cause of significant distress compared to the other life issues, affecting 45.7% of students (63.2% of those who experienced it). These rates were higher among undergraduate students, although procrastination was a leading issue among graduate and professional students too. This sheds light on the scale of student procrastination—both in absolute terms and relative to other issues they face—and highlights the need to address it using relevant interventions.

تعلل‌ورزی به معنای تأخیر غیرضروری است که می‌تواند مشکلات مختلفی ایجاد کند. ابهاماتی در مورد میزان دقیق شیوع آن در میان دانشجویان، میزان تأثیر آن بر ایشان و مقایسه شیوع و تأثیر آن با سایر مسائلی که دانشجویان به طور منظم با آن مواجه هستند، وجود دارد. بر این اساس، این پژوهش داده‌های ۶۵٬۹۵۰ دانشجو (در تمامی مقاطع و مراحل تحصیلی) را که در قالب ارزیابی سلامت ملی دانشجویان کالج انجمن سلامت کالج‌های آمریکا (ACHA-NCHA) در ۹۷ مؤسسه آموزش عالی ایالات متحده مورد بررسی قرار گرفته‌اند، تحلیل می‌کند. از دانشجویان درباره ۳۶ مسئله زندگی و سلامت، مانند تعلل‌ورزی، شغل، امور مالی، ظاهر، خانواده، زورگویی، اضطراب، افسردگی، ADHD، مشکلات خواب، آلرژی و آنفلوآنزا سؤال شد. تعلل‌ورزی به عنوان شایع‌ترین مسئله‌ای که دانشجویان گزارش کردند (تقریباً برابر با استرس)، با شیوع ۷۲.۳٪ مشخص شد. همچنین، تعلل‌ورزی مسئله‌ای بود که بیشترین آسیب را به عملکرد تحصیلی دانشجویان وارد کرد و ۴۵.۴٪ از آنان (۶۲.۷٪ از کسانی که آن را تجربه کردند) را تحت تأثیر قرار داد، که این میزان چندین برابر بیشتر از مسائلی مانند امور مالی (۲.۸ برابر) و ADHD (۳.۵ برابر) بود. علاوه بر این، تعلل‌ورزی شایع‌ترین علت ناراحتی قابل توجه در مقایسه با سایر مسائل زندگی بود و ۴۵.۷٪ از دانشجویان (۶۳.۲٪ از کسانی که آن را تجربه کردند) را تحت تأثیر قرار داد. این نرخ‌ها در میان دانشجویان مقطع کارشناسی بالاتر بود، هرچند تعلل‌ورزی در میان دانشجویان تحصیلات تکمیلی و حرفه‌ای نیز یکی از مسائل اصلی بود. این یافته‌ها ابعاد تعلل‌ورزی دانشجویی را هم به صورت مطلق و هم در مقایسه با سایر مسائل مورد مواجهه آنان روشن می‌کند و بر ضرورت پرداختن به آن از طریق مداخلات مرتبط تأکید دارد.

Background Ensuring equal access to quality education is essential for building fair and inclusive societies. However, educational inequalities persist across and within European countries, despite numerous policy initiatives aimed at addressing them. Objectives This systematic review aims to identify and categorise variables of educational inequalities in European primary and secondary schools, focusing on studies with longitudinal or repeated cross-sectional designs. Methods Following PRISMA 2020 guidelines, 1,399 studies published from 1995 to 2024 in seven European languages were identified through Scopus, Google Scholar, repositories of international organisations and citation mining. After a two-step screening, 157 studies that met the predefined criteria were analysed in depth using a review matrix. Inter-rater reliability checks ensured consistency. Results Despite targeted policy measures to enhance fairness and inclusion, inequalities remain widespread across European schools. Findings highlight that educational inequalities are multifaceted and begin early in a child's educational path, often widening over time. Overall, 70 variables influencing educational inequalities were identified and organised into a schema of four clusters: student, family, teacher/school and system levels. Solid links were observed between academic achievement, school engagement and student well-being. Discussion Longitudinal and repeated cross-sectional data offer valuable insights into the variables of educational inequalities and into the roles they play as factors and predictors of unequal academic achievement. Socioeconomic and cultural status, along with other family-related variables, emerged as central predictors of achievement gaps, alongside student-level variables such as school engagement. Teacher and school-level factors, as well as system-level ones, also significantly influence the complex phenomenon of educational inequalities. Conclusions/implications The evidence from this literature review reveals solid links between academic achievement and student engagement, emphasising that policies to address inequalities must address not only socioeconomic and academic factors but also socio-emotional aspects, with targeted interventions for vulnerable groups. The findings also underscore the need to explore further how variables influencing educational inequalities interact over time, from early childhood education through secondary education, to inform evidence-based interventions for more equitable educational outcomes.

زمینه: تضمین دسترسی برابر به آموزش با کیفیت برای ساختن جوامع عادلانه و فراگیر ضروری است. با این حال، نابرابری‌های آموزشی در سراسر و درون کشورهای اروپایی علی‌رغم ابتکارات سیاستی متعدد برای رفع آن‌ها همچنان پابرجا هستند. اهداف: این مرور نظام‌مند با تمرکز بر مطالعات با طرح‌های طولی یا مقطعی تکرارشونده، به شناسایی و دسته‌بندی متغیرهای نابرابری‌های آموزشی در مدارس ابتدایی و متوسطه اروپا می‌پردازد. روش‌ها: با پیروی از دستورالعمل‌های PRISMA 2020، تعداد ۱۳۹۹ مطالعه منتشرشده از سال ۱۹۹۵ تا ۲۰۲۴ به زبان‌های اروپایی از طریق Scopus، Google Scholar، مخازن سازمان‌های بین‌المللی و استخراج ارجاعات شناسایی شد. پس از غربالگری دو مرحله‌ای، ۱۵۷ مطالعه که معیارهای از پیش تعیین‌شده را داشتند، با استفاده از ماتریس مرور به‌طور عمیق تحلیل شدند. بررسی پایایی بین ارزیابان برای اطمینان از انسجام انجام شد. یافته‌ها: علی‌رغم اقدامات سیاستی هدفمند برای ارتقای عدالت و فراگیری، نابرابری‌ها در مدارس اروپایی همچنان گسترده‌اند. یافته‌ها نشان می‌دهد که نابرابری‌های آموزشی چندوجهی بوده و از ابتدای مسیر آموزشی کودک آغاز شده و اغلب در طول زمان افزایش می‌یابد. در مجموع، ۷۰ متغیر مؤثر بر نابرابری‌های آموزشی شناسایی و در قالب چهار خوشه در سطوح دانش‌آموز، خانواده، معلم/مدرسه و نظام سازمان‌دهی شدند. پیوندهای محکمی میان عملکرد تحصیلی، مشارکت مدرسه‌ای و بهزیستی دانش‌آموز مشاهده شد. بحث: داده‌های طولی و مقطعی تکرارشونده بینش‌های ارزشمندی درباره متغیرهای نابرابری‌های آموزشی و نقش آن‌ها به عنوان عوامل و پیش‌بینی‌کننده‌های عملکرد تحصیلی نابرابر ارائه می‌دهد. وضعیت اقتصادی-اجتماعی و فرهنگی، همراه با سایر متغیرهای مرتبط با خانواده، به عنوان پیش‌بینی‌کننده‌های مرکزی شکاف عملکرد تحصیلی، در کنار متغیرهای سطح دانش‌آموز مانند مشارکت مدرسه‌ای ظاهر شدند. عوامل سطح معلم و مدرسه، همچنین عوامل سطح نظام نیز به طور معناداری بر پدیده پیچیده نابرابری‌های آموزشی تأثیرگذارند. نتیجه‌گیری/پیامدها: شواهد این مرور ادبیات پیوندهای محکمی میان عملکرد تحصیلی و مشارکت دانش‌آموز نشان می‌دهد و تأکید می‌کند که سیاست‌های مقابله با نابرابری‌ها باید نه تنها عوامل اقتصادی-اجتماعی و تحصیلی، بلکه جنبه‌های اجتماعی-هیجانی را نیز با مداخلات هدفمند برای گروه‌های آسیب‌پذیر مدنظر قرار دهند. یافته‌ها همچنین بر ضرورت بررسی بیشتر نحوه تعامل متغیرهای مؤثر بر نابرابری‌های آموزشی در طول زمان، از آموزش دوران کودکی تا متوسطه، برای اطلاع‌رسانی به مداخلات مبتنی بر شواهد جهت نتایج آموزشی عادلانه‌تر تأکید دارد.

BACKGROUND: The whole-university approach to mental health emphasises that well-being should be a strategic priority across all aspects of higher education. However, there is limited evidence on which aspects of university life institutions should target to maximise well-being. AIM: To identify factors associated with student mental health and well-being and provide an evidence base for developing initiatives that protect and promote this. METHODS: The Nurture-U survey was conducted across five universities in the UK from 2022 to 2024. This cross-sectional sample of the survey data assessed student well-being and mental health at the start of the academic year. Hierarchical linear regression models examined the relative association between demographic, family history, university and lifestyle variables and self-reported depression, measured using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), anxiety, measured using the Generalised Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) and well-being, measured using the Short Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale (SWEMWBS). RESULTS: A total of 14 172 students completed the survey. Over a quarter self-reported probable anxiety or depression based on established screening thresholds. Regression analysis indicated that younger age, identifying as female or lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer/questioning, intersex or asexual (LGBTQIA+) and reporting a disability were associated with poorer mental health. There was minimal evidence of mental health impact associated with university factors, such as course of study or university attended. There was a strong association with exercise and self-care. CONCLUSIONS: We have provided evidence that exercise and self-care may be areas that universities can target when considering a whole-university approach to student mental health and well-being. Increasing opportunities for students from all backgrounds, means and abilities to adopt healthy behaviours is vital to supporting university students.

زمینه: رویکرد کل‌دانشگاهی به سلامت روان تأکید می‌کند که بهزیستی باید در تمامی جنبه‌های آموزش عالی به عنوان یک اولویت راهبردی مدنظر قرار گیرد. با این حال، شواهد محدودی وجود دارد که کدام جنبه‌های زندگی دانشگاهی باید توسط مؤسسات هدف قرار گیرد تا بهزیستی به حداکثر برسد. هدف: شناسایی عواملی که با سلامت روان و بهزیستی دانشجویان مرتبط هستند و فراهم آوردن مبنای شواهدی برای توسعه ابتکاراتی که از این موارد محافظت و آن را ارتقاء دهند. روش‌ها: پیمایش Nurture-U در پنج دانشگاه بریتانیا از سال ۲۰۲۲ تا ۲۰۲۴ انجام شد. این نمونه مقطعی از داده‌های پیمایش، بهزیستی و سلامت روان دانشجویان را در ابتدای سال تحصیلی ارزیابی کرد. مدل‌های رگرسیون خطی سلسله‌مراتبی ارتباط نسبی بین متغیرهای جمعیت‌شناختی، سابقه خانوادگی، دانشگاه و سبک زندگی و افسردگی خودگزارش‌شده (اندازه‌گیری‌شده با پرسشنامه سلامت بیمار-۹ (PHQ-9))، اضطراب (اندازه‌گیری‌شده با اختلال اضطراب فراگیر-۷ (GAD-7)) و بهزیستی (اندازه‌گیری‌شده با مقیاس کوتاه بهزیستی روانی-اجتماعی وارویک-ادینبورگ (SWEMWBS)) را بررسی کردند. نتایج: در مجموع ۱۴٬۱۷۲ دانشجو پرسشنامه را تکمیل کردند. بیش از یک‌چهارم بر اساس آستانه‌های غربالگری معتبر، به طور خودگزارش‌شده احتمال ابتلا به اضطراب یا افسردگی را داشتند. تحلیل رگرسیون نشان داد که سن پایین‌تر، شناسایی به عنوان زن یا افراد LGBTQIA+ و گزارش ناتوانی با سلامت روان ضعیف‌تر مرتبط است. شواهد بسیار کمی از تأثیر عوامل دانشگاهی مانند رشته تحصیلی یا دانشگاه محل تحصیل بر سلامت روان وجود داشت. ارتباط قوی با ورزش و مراقبت از خود مشاهده شد. نتیجه‌گیری: ما شواهدی ارائه کرده‌ایم که ورزش و مراقبت از خود می‌تواند حوزه‌هایی باشد که دانشگاه‌ها هنگام در نظر گرفتن رویکرد کل‌دانشگاهی به سلامت روان و بهزیستی دانشجویان هدف قرار دهند. افزایش فرصت‌ها برای دانشجویان از تمامی پیشینه‌ها، امکانات و توانایی‌ها جهت اتخاذ رفتارهای سالم برای حمایت از دانشجویان دانشگاه حیاتی است.

Background Artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly changing education through generative AI, adaptive learning systems, automated assessment, intelligent teaching, and data-driven learning support. More and more AI-powered systems are mediating learning, communication, information searching, and, in some cases, emotional support. These technologies offer great promise for enhancing access, personalization, efficiency, and learner engagement, but they also present substantial psychological, ethical, and developmental problems. These challenges are exacerbated in Sub-Saharan Africa by inequalities in digital access, inadequate regulatory capacity, insufficient data-protection systems, language and cultural under-representation, and uneven institutional preparation. Policy and implications In this policy brief, we look at AI in education from the perspective of educational psychology, with a special emphasis on student well-being, learner agency, and resilience. It proposes that AI governance should extend beyond considerations of technology adoption and academic efficiency to explore how AI impacts autonomy, motivation, critical thinking, creativity, social relationships, psychological safety, and autonomous learning. The report emphasizes the importance of learner-centered national AI policies, age-appropriate safeguards, increased teacher capacity, inclusion of AI literacy in curricula, safeguarding of learner data, equal access to digital technology, culturally relevant artificial intelligence systems, and meaningful student participation in AI governance. Policies should ensure that AI is used to promote learning, yet safeguard student well-being, autonomy, privacy, dignity, and cognitive growth. It also underscores the need for African-led research and cross-sector collaboration to generate context-specific information on the long-term implications of AI for learners. Recommendations The brief argues that the success of AI integration in Sub-Saharan African education should be gauged not just by the acceptance of technology, but by its contribution to psychologically healthy, critically thinking, resilient, and autonomous learners. Conclusions A human-centered approach is therefore very important to ensuring that AI is a help and not a hindrance to the developmental and relational underpinnings of education.

زمینه: هوش مصنوعی (AI) به سرعت در حال تغییر آموزش از طریق هوش مصنوعی مولد، سامانه‌های یادگیری تطبیقی، ارزیابی خودکار، آموزش هوشمند و پشتیبانی یادگیری مبتنی بر داده است. سامانه‌های مبتنی بر هوش مصنوعی به طور فزاینده‌ای واسطه یادگیری، ارتباطات، جستجوی اطلاعات و در برخی موارد، حمایت عاطفی می‌شوند. این فناوری‌ها نویدبخش ارتقای دسترسی، شخصی‌سازی، کارآمدی و مشارکت یادگیرنده هستند، اما همچنین مشکلات روان‌شناختی، اخلاقی و تحولی قابل توجهی را به همراه دارند. این چالش‌ها در آفریقای زیرصحرایی به دلیل نابرابری در دسترسی دیجیتال، ظرفیت ناکافی مقررات‌گذاری، سامانه‌های ناکافی حفاظت از داده‌ها، کم‌نمایی زبانی و فرهنگی و آمادگی نهادی نامتوازن تشدید می‌شوند. سیاست و پیامدها: در این سیاست‌نامه، به هوش مصنوعی در آموزش از منظر روان‌شناسی تربیتی با تأکید ویژه بر بهزیستی دانش‌آموز، عاملیت یادگیرنده و تاب‌آوری پرداخته می‌شود. پیشنهاد می‌شود که حکمرانی هوش مصنوعی باید فراتر از ملاحظات پذیرش فناوری و کارآمدی علمی باشد و تأثیر هوش مصنوعی بر خودمختاری، انگیزش، تفکر انتقادی، خلاقیت، روابط اجتماعی، امنیت روان‌شناختی و یادگیری خودگردان را بررسی کند. این گزارش بر اهمیت سیاست‌های ملی هوش مصنوعی مبتنی بر یادگیرنده، تدابیر حفاظتی متناسب با سن، افزایش ظرفیت معلمان، گنجاندن سواد هوش مصنوعی در برنامه‌های درسی، حفاظت از داده‌های یادگیرنده، دسترسی برابر به فناوری دیجیتال، سامانه‌های هوش مصنوعی متناسب با فرهنگ و مشارکت معنادار دانش‌آموزان در حکمرانی هوش مصنوعی تأکید می‌کند. سیاست‌ها باید تضمین کنند که هوش مصنوعی برای ارتقای یادگیری به کار گرفته شود، اما بهزیستی، خودمختاری، حریم خصوصی، کرامت و رشد شناختی دانش‌آموزان نیز حفظ گردد. همچنین بر ضرورت پژوهش‌های هدایت‌شده توسط آفریقا و همکاری بین‌بخشی برای تولید اطلاعات متناسب با زمینه در خصوص پیامدهای بلندمدت هوش مصنوعی برای یادگیرندگان تأکید می‌شود. توصیه‌ها: این سیاست‌نامه استدلال می‌کند که موفقیت ادغام هوش مصنوعی در آموزش آفریقای زیرصحرایی باید نه تنها با پذیرش فناوری، بلکه با سهم آن در پرورش یادگیرندگان سالم از نظر روان‌شناختی، منتقد، تاب‌آور و خودمختار سنجیده شود. نتیجه‌گیری: بنابراین رویکرد انسان‌محور برای اطمینان از اینکه هوش مصنوعی به جای مانع، یاری‌رسان بنیان‌های تحولی و ارتباطی آموزش باشد، بسیار مهم است.