occupational fatigue

ABSTRACT Insufficient sleep duration among bus drivers has the potential to cause prolonged fatigue, oxidative stress, and elevated liver enzymes such as SGOT and SGPT. Research examining the correlation between sleep duration and SGOT and SGPT levels among bus drivers in Indonesia remains limited. This study aimed to analyze the correlation between sleep duration and SGOT and SGPT levels in bus drivers at Bulupitu Bus Station, Purwokerto. The study employed an analytical observational design with a cross-sectional approach involving 20 bus drivers selected through total sampling. Sleep duration was measured using a questionnaire, while SGOT and SGPT levels were analyzed using the IFCC kinetic method. Correlations between variables were tested using Pearsons correlation with a significance level of 0.05. The average sleep duration of respondents was 6.35-1.59 hours; the mean SGOT level was 29.625-24.94 U/L, and the mean SGPT level was 45,150-33.37 U/L. No significant correlation was found between sleep durition and SGOT levels (r = 0.203: p = 0.391) or SGPT levels (r 0.441, p0.051). Sleep duration did not show a significant correlation with SGOT and SGPT levels in bus drivers. Lifestyle factors and other health conditions may contribute more substantially. Keywords: Sleep Duration, SGOT, SGPT, Bus Drivers. ABSTRAK Durasi tidur yang kurang pada sopir bus berpotensi menimbulkan kelelahan berkepanjangan, stres oksidatif, serta peningkatan enzim hati seperti SGOT dan SGPT. Studi terkait hubungan antara durasi tidur dengan kadar SGOT dan SGPT pada sopir bus di Indonesia masih terbatas. Tujuan dari studi ini adalah untuk menganalisis hubungan antara durasi tidur dengan kadar SGOT dan SGPT pada sopir bus di Terminal Bulupitu Purwokerto. Desain studi ini menggunakan rancangan observasional analitik dengan pendekatan cross-sectional pada 20 sopir bus yang diambil melalui teknik total sampling. Pengukuran durasi tidur dilakukan menggunakan kuesioner, sedangkan kadar SGOT dan SGPT dianalisis dengan metode kinetik IFCC. Hubungan antar variabel dianalisis dengan uji korelasi Pearson pada tingkat signifikansi 0,05. Rata-rata durasi tidur responden adalah 6,35 ± 1,59 jam; rerata kadar SGOT sebesar 29,625 ± 24,94 U/L dan SGPT sebesar 45,150 ± 33,37 U/L. Tidak terdapat hubungan signifikan antara durasi tidur dengan kadar SGOT (r = 0,203; p = 0,391) maupun SGPT (r = –0,441; p = 0,051). Durasi tidur tidak menunjukkan hubungan yang signifikan dengan kadar SGOT dan SGPT pada sopir bus. Faktor gaya hidup dan kondisi kesehatan lain kemungkinan berperan lebih besar. Kata Kunci: Durasi Tidur, SGOT, SGPT, Sopir Bus.

Objective Operating room nurses work long-term in high-intensity, high-risk environments and suffer from a high prevalence of occupational fatigue, which seriously affects their physical and mental health as well as patient safety. Based on the Job Demand-Control-Support (JDCS) model, this study aimed to examine the mediating role of perceived stress between the dimensions of the JDCS model and occupational fatigue—including acute fatigue, chronic fatigue, and inter-shift recovery—among operating room nurses. Methods This multi-center cross-sectional study was conducted from August to September 2026, enrolling 1,122 operating room nurses from 9 tertiary Grade-A hospitals in eastern, central, and western China. A general information questionnaire, the Occupational Fatigue Exhaustion Recovery Scale, the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10), and the Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ) were administered. SPSS 25.0 was used for descriptive statistics, difference analysis, correlation analysis, and hierarchical multiple regression; AMOS 21.0 was used to construct a structural equation model, and the bias-corrected Bootstrap method was employed to test mediating effects. Results The scores of acute fatigue, chronic fatigue, and inter-shift recovery among operating room nurses were 45.55 ± 18.77, 44.13 ± 17.89, and 56.27 ± 17.83, respectively, indicating an overall moderate level of occupational fatigue. The perceived stress score was 21.01 ± 5.24; job demand was 36.44 ± 4.80; job control was 71.54 ± 18.07; and social support was 24.02 ± 6.61. Hierarchical regression showed that, after controlling for demographic and work characteristics, job demand, job control, and social support remained independent correlates of all three outcomes (acute fatigue model R 2 = 0.460, chronic fatigue R 2 = 0.305, inter-shift recovery R 2 = 0.353). The structural equation model showed that job demand positively predicted perceived stress ( β = 0.182, p < 0.001), while job control ( β = −0.251, p = 0.033) and social support ( β = −0.168, p = 0.040) negatively predicted perceived stress. Perceived stress positively predicted acute fatigue ( β = 0.336, p < 0.001) and chronic fatigue ( β = 0.209, p < 0.001), and negatively predicted inter-shift recovery ( β = −0.134, p = 0.029). Bootstrap tests indicated that perceived stress played a significant partial mediating role between job demand, job control, and social support and the outcomes of acute fatigue, chronic fatigue, and inter-shift recovery, although the indirect effects were small in magnitude (proportion mediated 3.41–17.35%). Conclusion Occupational fatigue among operating room nurses in 9 tertiary Grade-A hospitals is at a moderate level, and inter-shift recovery needs improvement. Perceived stress acted as a mediating variable linking JDCS dimensions to occupational fatigue, although the mediating effects were modest in magnitude. Nursing managers can improve occupational fatigue and recovery among operating room nurses by reducing unreasonable job demands, enhancing job control, strengthening social support, and alleviating perceived stress.

This exploratory study examined the relationship between the massage modalities used, the length of the massage treatment, and the areas of the body massaged on the perceived self-reported effort level and muscular fatigue as well as the ergonomic sensor data for average composite risk score and average fatigue risk score. Participants completed their normal routine of massages while wearing sensors: watch placed on the upper arm to collect physiological data; GoX ® sensor placed on the dominant upper arm and back of the shirt to collect ergonomic data. Participants performed massages in their regular clinic, following their normal treatment plan. Following each session, a survey was completed about the massage treatment, including areas massaged, techniques used and self-reported effort and muscle fatigue. Mean self-reported effort level was 10.71± 2.40, light level on the Borg Scale. Mean self-reported muscular fatigue level was 2.69 ± 0.75, light activity on the RPE scale. Length of time of the massage session was not a strong indicator of subjective or objective measures. No one technique provided an increased risk of fatigue. This exploratory study gave a snapshot into fatigue and risks for work-related musculoskeletal disorders in massage therapists while practicing in their normal clinical setting.

این مطالعه اکتشافی به بررسی رابطه بین انواع ماساژ مورد استفاده، مدت زمان درمان ماساژ و نواحی بدن ماساژ داده‌شده با سطح تلاش ادراک‌شده و خستگی عضلانی خودگزارش‌شده، همچنین داده‌های حسگر ارگونومیک برای امتیاز میانگین ریسک ترکیبی و امتیاز میانگین ریسک خستگی پرداخت. شرکت‌کنندگان در حین انجام روال عادی ماساژ خود، حسگرهایی را پوشیدند: ساعت روی بازوی فوقانی برای جمع‌آوری داده‌های فیزیولوژیک؛ حسگر GoX® روی بازوی غالب فوقانی و پشت پیراهن برای جمع‌آوری داده‌های ارگونومیک قرار گرفت. شرکت‌کنندگان ماساژها را در کلینیک معمول خود و مطابق با برنامه درمانی عادی انجام دادند. پس از هر جلسه، پرسشنامه‌ای درباره درمان ماساژ، از جمله نواحی ماساژ داده‌شده، تکنیک‌های استفاده‌شده و تلاش و خستگی عضلانی خودگزارش‌شده تکمیل شد. میانگین سطح تلاش خودگزارش‌شده ۱۰٫۷۱±۲٫۴۰، سطح سبک در مقیاس Borg بود. میانگین سطح خستگی عضلانی خودگزارش‌شده ۲٫۶۹±۰٫۷۵، فعالیت سبک در مقیاس RPE بود. مدت زمان جلسه ماساژ شاخص قوی‌ای برای سنجه‌های ذهنی یا عینی نبود. هیچ تکنیک خاصی موجب افزایش ریسک خستگی نشد. این مطالعه اکتشافی تصویری اجمالی از خستگی و ریسک اختلالات اسکلتی‌عضلانی مرتبط با کار در ماساژورهایی که در محیط بالینی عادی خود فعالیت می‌کنند ارائه داد.