cyberbullying

The rapid integration of digital technologies into teaching, learning, and assessment has created new avenues through which technology-facilitated gender-based violence (TFGBV) may occur in school settings. Existing scholarship has examined TFGBV mainly through the lenses of cyberbullying, digital safety, and student well-being. At the same time, emerging work has also begun to conceptualise digital assessment systems as sites of structural and institutional gendered risk. Building on this systems-level perspective, this conceptual paper shifts attention to the pedagogical and interactional layer of digital assessment, examining how teachers' assessment design and oversight decisions may shape the conditions under which TFGBV becomes more or less likely. Developed through a critical interdisciplinary literature review, the paper draws on Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory, digital citizenship frameworks, and classroom assessment scholarship to examine how learning management systems, peer assessment tools, collaborative online assignments, and social media-integrated assessment activities may create conditions conducive to gendered harassment, image-based abuse, and exclusionary behaviour among learners of all genders. The paper proposes the Assessment-Mediated Digital Ethics (AMDE) framework, a theoretically grounded but not yet empirically validated model integrating gender-responsive assessment design, embedded digital behavioural expectations, and structured teacher oversight. AMDE is presented as a complementary pedagogical extension of existing justice-oriented approaches to digital assessment and TFGBV, rather than as a claim of first conceptualisation. The framework provides a basis for future empirical research examining teacher-mediated assessment practices and their relationship to digital safety, ethical participation, and TFGBV risk across diverse educational contexts. Responsibility for TFGBV prevention is understood as shared among teachers, learners, schools, families, technology providers, and policymakers.

Cyberbullying has become an important concern for adolescent well-being because online harassment can continue beyond school settings and expose young people to repeated social stress. This study examined the relationships between cyberbullying exposure, emotion-regulation strategies, and mental health among adolescents. A quantitative, cross-sectional correlational design was used with 100 secondary-school adolescents aged 13-18 years (M = 15.42, SD = 1.38). Measures included the Cyber-Victimization Scale (CYBVICS), Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ), and Early Adolescent Mental Health Scale (EAMHS). Descriptive statistics, Pearson product-moment correlations, and simple linear regression analyses were reported. Cyberbullying exposure was negatively correlated with cognitive reappraisal (r = -.42, p < .001) and mental health (r = -.58, p < .001), and positively correlated with expressive suppression (r = .48, p < .001). Cognitive reappraisal was positively associated with mental health (r = .51, p < .001), whereas expressive suppression was negatively associated with mental health (r = -.46, p < .001). Regression analysis indicated that cyberbullying exposure accounted for 33.6% of the variance in mental-health scores, R? = .336, F(1, 98) = 49.68, p < .001. The findings indicate meaningful associations among online victimization, emotion regulation, and adolescent well-being. Because the study is cross-sectional and relies on self-report measures, the findings do not establish causality.

The advancement of digital technology has led to increased use of the internet and social media, particularly among adolescents. However, this development has also contributed to various challenges, one of which is cyberbullying. A low level of digital literacy knowledge may influence how students communicate and behave in digital environments. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between the level of digital literacy knowledge and cyberbullying behavior among high school students. This study employed a quantitative approach with a cross-sectional design. A total of 99 students were selected as research participants using a total sampling technique. Data were collected using a questionnaire, while the relationship between the variables was analyzed using the Chi-Square test. The results showed that the majority of respondents had a high level of digital literacy knowledge (59.6%), while the majority demonstrated a low level of cyberbullying behavior (57.6%). Statistical analysis revealed a significant relationship between the level of digital literacy knowledge and cyberbullying behavior (p-value = 0.001). Thus, the better the students' level of digital literacy knowledge, the lower their tendency to engage in cyberbullying behavior. Therefore, strengthening education and understanding of digital literacy should be enhanced as a preventive strategy to reduce the occurrence of cyberbullying in school environments.

Bullying victimization is an important public health concern that has been linked to adverse psychological outcomes among adolescents. The study used mental health well-being data collected in the most recent Bangladesh Adolescent Health and Wellbeing Survey (2019–2020) (BAHWS). A total of 9,116 adolescents aged 15–19 years with complete depression data were included in the analysis. A three-level linear mixed-effects model was employed to account for the hierarchical structure of the survey, with adolescents nested within primary sampling units and districts. Additional analyses examined gender and marital status interactions, subgroup differences, and the cumulative association between multiple forms of bullying and depressive symptoms using a composite bullying measure. The findings revealed that verbal bullying (β = 1.39, p < 0.001) and cyberbullying (β = 1.15, p = 0.012) were independently associated with higher depressive symptom scores. The association between physical bullying and depressive symptoms differed significantly by gender, whereas interactions of gender with verbal and cyberbullying were not statistically significant. Exploratory subgroup analyses showed variation in the magnitude of estimated associations across ever-married females, unmarried females, and unmarried males. A graded association was observed for cumulative bullying exposure: compared with adolescents reporting no bullying exposure, those exposed to on (β = 1.25), two (β = 2.61), and three (β = 4.99) bullying types had progressively higher depressive symptom scores (all p < 0.001). Adolescent Age, Current school or college attendance and higher household wealth were associated with lower depressive symptom scores. Bullying victimization, particularly verbal bullying, cyberbullying, and exposure to multiple forms of bullying, was associated with higher depressive symptoms among Bangladeshi adolescents. These findings highlight the need for comprehensive bullying prevention strategies and accessible psychosocial support services, with particular attention to adolescents experiencing multiple forms of bullying and other vulnerable groups.

Introduction The rapid expansion of social media has created new opportunities for adolescent connection but has also heightened risks of involvement in online aggression and cyberbullying. This study examined how problematic social media use, social media concealment, and parental media monitoring relate to cyberbullying victimization and perpetration among adolescents. Methods Participants include 686 adolescents ages 12–18 from 12 schools. Logistic generalized linear mixed models were used to account for the nested structure of students within schools. Results Results indicated that both problematic social media use and concealment from parents were significantly associated with greater odds of cyberbullying victimization and perpetration, whereas parental media monitoring was not a significant predictor in either model. Discussion Findings highlight the importance of addressing adolescents’ specific patterns of media use and point to multi-systemic prevention approaches involving families, schools, and technology developers to mitigate cyberbullying risks.

Digital media has evolved from passive screen viewing into an algorithmically curated ecosystem of social platforms, short form video, games, generative artificial intelligence (AI), conversational agents, connected toys and educational technologies. These systems can support learning, creativity, communication, disability access and healthcare; however, engagement optimized design, commercial surveillance and synthetic content create risks that are not adequately captured by screen-time measures alone. This narrative review examines the effects of contemporary digital ecosystems on child and adolescent health and outlines implications for pediatric practice. PubMed/MEDLINE, Google Scholar and guidance from the World Health Organization, United Nations Children's Fund, UNESCO and the American Academy of Pediatrics were reviewed, with emphasis on evidence published from 2019 to June 2026. Associations have been reported between problematic digital media use and sleep disruption, reduced physical activity, visual and musculoskeletal symptoms, obesity related behaviours, anxiety, depressive symptoms, cyberbullying, disordered eating and impaired attention. Causal interpretation remains difficult because effects are heterogeneous, often small, bidirectional and strongly modified by age, content, context, displacement, family relationships and pre-existing vulnerability. AI adds distinct concerns: persuasive personalization, inaccurate health information, anthropomorphic dependency, deepfakes, sexual exploitation, biased outputs, privacy loss and erosion of learning through uncritical outsourcing. Benefits are also substantial when technologies are developmentally appropriate, evidence-based, inclusive and used with adult support. Pediatric counselling should shift from counting hours alone toward assessing the child's digital ecosystem, sleep, function, content, compulsivity, safety and relationships. Effective protection requires shared family practices, school digital literacy, safety by design, age-appropriate assurance, transparent algorithms, data minimization and independent research. The goal is not a screen free childhood but a child centred digital environment that supports health, agency and development.

Pre-adolescence 9-12 years is a critical developmental period characterized by rapid biological, emotional, cognitive, and social changes that influence future mental health and well-being. Indian pre-adolescents increasingly encounter academic pressure, changing family dynamics, peer challenges, and extensive digital exposure, creating potential risks to emotional adjustment. Resilience, defined as the ability to adapt positively to adversity and recover from challenging experiences, is an important protective factor during this formative stage. This article aims to examine the determinants and dimensions of resilience among Indian pre-adolescents and to propose a culturally relevant, integrated framework for promoting resilience across biological, psychological, social, and digital domains. This article highlights key factors that strengthen resilience, including emotional regulation, self-esteem, self-compassion, problem-solving skills, supportive parenting, positive school environments, healthy peer relationships, and community connectedness. Digital resilience is also emphasized, encompassing safe technology use, digital literacy, responsible online behavior, and adaptive coping with cyberbullying, online risks, and excessive screen exposure. Based on existing evidence and contextual insights, the integrated pre-adolescent resilience model (IPARM) is proposed, integrating biological, psychological, social, and digital dimensions. Resilience promotion strategies are discussed at individual, family, school, community, and healthcare levels, with nurses and other health professionals playing an important role in early identification of vulnerable children, mental health promotion, and implementation of resilience-building interventions. Strengthening resilience during pre-adolescence represents a valuable preventive mental health strategy. A holistic and culturally responsive approach can foster emotional competence, psychological well-being, adaptability, and healthy development, enabling Indian children to navigate contemporary challenges and develop into confident and resilient individuals.

This article aims to analyze the problems faced by Islamic Religious Education (PAI) in shaping students’ morals amid the development of social media. This research employs a qualitative method with a library research approach by examining scholarly journals on digital morality, Islamic education, social media etiquette, teacher role modelling, and digital literacy. The literature synthesis indicates that social media has become an environment that can influence students’ values and behavior. The issues discussed include exposure to content that contradicts Islamic values, impolite communication, cyberbullying, dependence on peer approval, and the gap between students’ understanding of Islamic values and their application in digital behavior. Nevertheless, social media also has the potential to serve as a medium for moral education when used appropriately. This study emphasizes the importance of teacher role modelling, digital literacy, habituation of Islamic values, contextual learning, and collaboration among schools, families, and communities. The fundamental issue to consider is how to connect students’ religious understanding acquired through classroom learning with the application of moral values in everyday life, including their use of social media. Therefore, PAI learning should focus not only on religious knowledge but also on developing students’ ability to apply Islamic ethics critically, wisely, and consistently in digital spaces.

Digital transformation has increased children's access to information and learning while exposing them to misinformation, privacy violations, inappropriate content, and cyberbullying. These challenges underscore the need for digital literacy education integrating technological competencies with Islamic ethical values. This community engagement program aims to strengthen students' digital literacy and online safety awareness through the Gerakan Anak Cerdas Digital (Smart Digital Children Movement) at SDN 02 Padangjaya. Employing a participatory educational approach, the program delivers a 60-minute training session integrating digital safety principles with Islamic values, including tabayyun (information verification), amanah (trustworthiness), adab (ethical communication), and ukhuwah (solidarity). Learning activities comprise interactive instruction, contextual discussions, question-and-answer sessions, and educational quizzes. Evaluation involves comprehension assessments and observations of student participation. The program is expected to enhance students' understanding of digital risks, responsible internet use, personal data protection, and ethical online interactions. Conceptually, this initiative introduces an integrative framework connecting digital literacy with Islamic character education in primary schools. Practically, it offers a contextual model for promoting safe and responsible digital behavior through collaborative engagement among schools, families, and communities, contributing to the development of ethically grounded digital citizenship among young learners.

تحول دیجیتال، دسترسی کودکان به اطلاعات و یادگیری را افزایش داده است، در حالی که آن‌ها را در معرض اطلاعات نادرست، نقض حریم خصوصی، محتوای نامناسب و زورگویی سایبری قرار می‌دهد. این چالش‌ها، ضرورت آموزش سواد دیجیتال را که شایستگی‌های فناورانه را با ارزش‌های اخلاقی اسلامی تلفیق می‌کند، برجسته می‌سازد. این برنامه مشارکتی با هدف تقویت سواد دیجیتال و آگاهی از ایمنی آنلاین دانش‌آموزان از طریق جنبش «کودکان هوشمند دیجیتال» (Gerakan Anak Cerdas Digital) در دبستان SDN 02 Padangjaya اجرا می‌شود. با بهره‌گیری از رویکرد آموزشی مشارکتی، این برنامه یک جلسه آموزشی ۶۰ دقیقه‌ای را ارائه می‌دهد که اصول ایمنی دیجیتال را با ارزش‌های اسلامی از جمله «تبیین» (راستی‌آزمایی اطلاعات)، «امانت‌داری»، «ادب» (ارتباط اخلاقی) و «اخوت» (همبستگی) ادغام می‌کند. فعالیت‌های یادگیری شامل آموزش تعاملی، بحث‌های زمینه‌ای، جلسات پرسش و پاسخ و آزمون‌های آموزشی است. ارزیابی از طریق سنجش میزان درک و مشاهده مشارکت دانش‌آموزان انجام می‌شود. انتظار می‌رود این برنامه موجب ارتقای درک دانش‌آموزان از خطرات دیجیتال، استفاده مسئولانه از اینترنت، حفاظت از داده‌های شخصی و تعاملات اخلاقی آنلاین شود. از منظر مفهومی، این ابتکار یک چارچوب تلفیقی را معرفی می‌کند که سواد دیجیتال را با تربیت شخصیتی اسلامی در مدارس ابتدایی پیوند می‌دهد. از منظر عملی، این برنامه یک الگوی زمینه‌محور برای ترویج رفتار دیجیتال ایمن و مسئولانه از طریق مشارکت مدارس، خانواده‌ها و جوامع ارائه می‌دهد و به توسعه شهروندی دیجیتال مبتنی بر اخلاق در میان یادگیرندگان جوان کمک می‌کند.

INTRODUCTION: The PEACE Pack, originally devised to address bullying in secondary (high) schools, has demonstrated efficacy in several countries. The 4th edition now includes social-emotional learning and has been adapted (co-designed with teachers and students) for primary (elementary) schools, but not previously evaluated with this younger age group. As many young people now acquire personal phones at this age, it covers cyberbullying as well as 'traditional' bullying. METHODS: This effectiveness study evaluated the program with 826 students (mean age 9.7 years) in Australia. Wellbeing (level of happiness and number of good friends), frequency of being bullied, and self-efficacy for coping with bullying were measured before and after the program and at 3-month follow-up. RESULTS: A large effect was found for reduction in bullying frequency for the most severely affected students (bullied once a week or more often before the program, being a quarter of the sample). The percentage of this subsample still being bullied this frequently at 3-month follow-up was 33.4%, a reduction of 66.6%. Most other effects of the program were statistically significant but very small, although there was a general pattern of significant linear trends towards 'improvement'. No evidence was found for a suggested 'healthy context paradox'. CONCLUSIONS: The PEACE Pack, as modified for primary school students, strongly reduced bullying frequency for the most severely affected students, indicating that the program was fulfilling its core function. In general, other measures improved slightly after the program and were sustained or still improving at the 3-month follow-up. SO WHAT?: The PEACE Pack shows promise as a primary-school anti-bullying program that has sustained effects. It includes cyberbullying and social-emotional learning and is designed to be engaging for all students. Being curriculum-based, it stands to benefit from students' relationships with their regular teachers within the broader school context.

مقدمه: بسته PEACE که در ابتدا برای مقابله با قلدری در مدارس متوسطه طراحی شده بود، اثربخشی خود را در چندین کشور نشان داده است. ویرایش چهارم این بسته اکنون شامل یادگیری اجتماعی-هیجانی است و با همکاری معلمان و دانش‌آموزان برای مدارس ابتدایی سازگار شده است، اما پیش‌تر در این گروه سنی ارزیابی نشده بود. با توجه به اینکه بسیاری از کودکان در این سن تلفن همراه شخصی دارند، این بسته علاوه بر قلدری «سنتی»، قلدری سایبری را نیز پوشش می‌دهد. روش‌ها: این مطالعه اثربخشی، برنامه را بر روی ۸۲۶ دانش‌آموز (میانگین سنی ۹.۷ سال) در استرالیا ارزیابی کرد. بهزیستی (سطح شادی و تعداد دوستان خوب)، فراوانی تجربه قلدری و خودکارآمدی در مقابله با قلدری، پیش و پس از برنامه و همچنین در پیگیری سه‌ماهه اندازه‌گیری شد. نتایج: کاهش قابل توجهی در فراوانی قلدری برای دانش‌آموزانی که بیشترین آسیب را دیده بودند (افرادی که پیش از برنامه حداقل هفته‌ای یک بار مورد قلدری قرار می‌گرفتند و یک‌چهارم نمونه را تشکیل می‌دادند) مشاهده شد. درصد این زیرنمونه که در پیگیری سه‌ماهه همچنان با این فراوانی مورد قلدری قرار می‌گرفتند، ۳۳.۴٪ بود که کاهش ۶۶.۶٪ را نشان می‌دهد. سایر اثرات برنامه از نظر آماری معنادار اما بسیار کوچک بودند، هرچند الگوی کلی روند خطی معنادار به سوی «بهبود» مشاهده شد. هیچ شواهدی برای «پارادوکس زمینه سالم» پیشنهادی یافت نشد. نتیجه‌گیری: بسته PEACE که برای دانش‌آموزان دبستانی اصلاح شده است، فراوانی قلدری را برای دانش‌آموزانی که بیشترین آسیب را دیده‌اند به طور قابل توجهی کاهش داد و نشان داد که برنامه در انجام وظیفه اصلی خود موفق بوده است. به طور کلی، سایر شاخص‌ها پس از برنامه اندکی بهبود یافتند و این بهبودها در پیگیری سه‌ماهه حفظ یا همچنان در حال افزایش بودند. اهمیت: بسته PEACE به عنوان یک برنامه ضد قلدری در مدارس ابتدایی که اثرات پایداری دارد، امیدبخش است. این بسته قلدری سایبری و یادگیری اجتماعی-هیجانی را نیز در بر می‌گیرد و به گونه‌ای طراحی شده است که برای همه دانش‌آموزان جذاب باشد. با توجه به اینکه مبتنی بر برنامه درسی است، می‌تواند از روابط دانش‌آموزان با معلمان معمول خود در بستر کلی مدرسه بهره‌مند شود.

As artificial intelligence (AI) and digital technologies continue to transform online communication and social interactions, cyberbullying and cyber-violence have emerged as growing concerns that require a deeper understanding of the individual and contextual factors underlying these behaviors. This study aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the factors influencing cyberbullying and cyber-violence in Jordan. Specifically, it examines the effects of individual characteristics and contextual factors, including the legal and policy environment and aggressive social environment, on both cyberbullying and cyber-violence. A total of 472 participants from different demographic groups were included in the study sample. The data were analyzed using Smart PLS software. The results indicate that individual factors such as age, gender, and educational level have varying effects on cyberbullying and cyber-violence. Both age and gender have a significant negative and positive relationship, respectively, with both cyberbullying and cyber-violence. There is no significant relationship between these outcomes and educational level. Contextual factors, on the other hand, have differential effects. The aggressive social environment is positively associated with cyberbullying and cyber-violence, while the legal and policy environment is negatively associated with cyber-violence but not with cyberbullying. This study examines both contextual and individual factors, contributing to a better understanding of factors influencing cyberbullying and cyber-violence. It provides evidence on the impact of age, gender, social context, and legal and regulatory influences, and offers insights that can guide policy, education, and community engagement and inform best prevention practices.

با تداوم تحول ارتباطات آنلاین و تعاملات اجتماعی توسط هوش مصنوعی (AI) و فناوری‌های دیجیتال، قلدری سایبری و خشونت سایبری به عنوان نگرانی‌های فزاینده‌ای مطرح شده‌اند که نیازمند درک عمیق‌تری از عوامل فردی و زمینه‌ای زیربنای این رفتارها هستند. هدف این پژوهش، ارائه درک جامعی از عوامل مؤثر بر قلدری سایبری و خشونت سایبری در اردن است. به طور خاص، این مطالعه به بررسی تأثیر ویژگی‌های فردی و عوامل زمینه‌ای، از جمله محیط حقوقی و سیاست‌گذاری و محیط اجتماعی پرخاشگرانه، بر هر دو پدیده قلدری سایبری و خشونت سایبری می‌پردازد. در مجموع ۴۷۲ نفر از گروه‌های جمعیتی مختلف در نمونه پژوهش شرکت داشتند. داده‌ها با استفاده از نرم‌افزار Smart PLS تحلیل شدند. نتایج نشان می‌دهد که عوامل فردی مانند سن، جنسیت و سطح تحصیلات تأثیرات متفاوتی بر قلدری سایبری و خشونت سایبری دارند. سن و جنسیت به ترتیب دارای رابطه منفی و مثبت معنادار با هر دو متغیر قلدری سایبری و خشونت سایبری هستند. بین این پیامدها و سطح تحصیلات رابطه معناداری مشاهده نشد. از سوی دیگر، عوامل زمینه‌ای تأثیرات متفاوتی دارند. محیط اجتماعی پرخاشگرانه با قلدری سایبری و خشونت سایبری رابطه مثبت دارد، در حالی که محیط حقوقی و سیاست‌گذاری با خشونت سایبری رابطه منفی و معنادار و با قلدری سایبری رابطه معناداری ندارد. این پژوهش با بررسی همزمان عوامل زمینه‌ای و فردی، به درک بهتر عوامل مؤثر بر قلدری سایبری و خشونت سایبری کمک می‌کند. همچنین شواهدی درباره تأثیر سن، جنسیت، زمینه اجتماعی و تأثیرات حقوقی و مقرراتی ارائه می‌دهد و بینش‌هایی را برای هدایت سیاست‌گذاری، آموزش، مشارکت اجتماعی و اطلاع‌رسانی درباره بهترین شیوه‌های پیشگیری فراهم می‌آورد.

This study aims to explore in-depth how peer pressure on social media influences the digital behavior of senior high school students, as well as the extent to which self-control and spiritual autonomy play a role in responding to such conformity pressure. Employing a qualitative approach with a phenomenological design, data were collected through in-depth interviews with six students categorized into three typologies: failed mediation, resilience, and congruent/ideal. The results reveal a fundamental finding that conformity pressure in the digital space does not deterministically lead to delinquency or deviant behavior. The trajectory of behavior relies entirely on the strength of the individual's self-control. For students with a weak foundation of faith and self-regulation, peer pressure triggers engagement in toxic behaviors such as cyberbullying, driven by a desire for validation and the Fear of Missing Out (FOMO). Conversely, for students possessing robust self-control and spiritual awareness (muraqabah), this social pressure transforms into an opportunity to demonstrate integrity. They exhibit the mental courage to go against the tide and independently uphold moral principles. Practically, these findings imply the necessity of reconstructing the educational approaches utilized by parents and educators. Delivering religious values that are reduced to mere rigid prohibitions without room for dialogue has proven to be less effective; these fundamental religious doctrines must instead be maintained and contextualized with real, everyday case studies. This dialogical approach is essential to connect religious teachings with the critical logic of adolescents in order to strengthen their faith, thereby fostering a solid stance to navigate toxic social environments. Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi secara mendalam bagaimana tekanan teman sebaya di media sosial memengaruhi perilaku digital siswa Sekolah Menengah Atas (SMA), serta sejauh mana peran kontrol diri dan otonomi spiritual dalam merespons tekanan konformitas tersebut. Melalui pendekatan kualitatif dengan desain fenomenologis, data dikumpulkan menggunakan teknik wawancara mendalam terhadap enam siswa yang diklasifikasikan ke dalam tiga tipologi: mediasi gagal, resiliensi, dan kongruen/ideal. Hasil penelitian mengungkap sebuah temuan fundamental bahwa tekanan konformitas di ruang digital tidak secara deterministik menghasilkan kenakalan atau perilaku menyimpang. Arah perilaku sepenuhnya bergantung pada kekuatan kontrol diri masing-masing individu. Pada siswa dengan landasan iman dan regulasi diri yang lemah, tekanan kelompok memicu keterlibatan dalam perilaku toksik seperti perundungan siber, yang didorong oleh hasrat validasi dan kecemasan tertinggal tren (Fear of Missing Out/FOMO). Sebaliknya, bagi siswa yang memiliki kontrol diri dan kesadaran spiritual yang kuat (muraqabah), tekanan sosial tersebut justru bertransformasi menjadi momentum pembuktian integritas. Mereka mendemonstrasikan keberanian mental untuk melawan arus dan menegakkan aturan secara mandiri. Temuan ini secara praktis mengimplikasikan perlunya rekonstruksi metode edukasi dari orang tua dan pendidik. Penyampaian nilai agama yang direduksi menjadi sekadar larangan kaku tanpa ruang dialog terbukti kurang efektif; nilai-nilai fundamental keagamaan tersebut justru harus dipertahankan dan dikontekstualisasikan dengan studi kasus nyata sehari-hari. Pendekatan dialogis ini esensial agar ajaran agama terhubung dengan logika kritis remaja guna memperkuat akidah, sehingga mampu membentuk pendirian yang kokoh dalam menghadapi lingkungan pergaulan yang toksik.

هدف این پژوهش، بررسی عمیق تأثیر فشار همسالان در شبکه‌های اجتماعی بر رفتار دیجیتال دانش‌آموزان دبیرستانی و همچنین میزان نقش کنترل خود و خودمختاری معنوی در پاسخ به این فشار همرنگی است. این مطالعه با رویکرد کیفی و طراحی پدیدارشناختی انجام شده و داده‌ها از طریق مصاحبه‌های عمیق با شش دانش‌آموز که در سه گونه‌شناسی «میانجی‌گری ناموفق»، «تاب‌آوری» و «همخوان/ایده‌آل» طبقه‌بندی شده‌اند، گردآوری شده است. نتایج نشان می‌دهد که فشار همرنگی در فضای دیجیتال به طور جبری منجر به بزهکاری یا رفتارهای انحرافی نمی‌شود. مسیر رفتار کاملاً به قدرت کنترل خود فرد بستگی دارد. در دانش‌آموزانی که بنیان ایمان و تنظیم خود ضعیف است، فشار گروهی موجب درگیر شدن در رفتارهای سمی مانند زورگویی سایبری می‌شود که ناشی از میل به تأیید اجتماعی و اضطراب عقب ماندن از روندها (FOMO) است. در مقابل، دانش‌آموزانی که کنترل خود و آگاهی معنوی (مراقبه) قوی دارند، این فشار اجتماعی را به فرصتی برای اثبات یکپارچگی تبدیل می‌کنند. آن‌ها شجاعت ذهنی برای مقابله با جریان غالب و پایبندی مستقل به اصول اخلاقی را نشان می‌دهند. یافته‌های عملی این پژوهش، ضرورت بازسازی رویکردهای آموزشی والدین و مربیان را نشان می‌دهد. انتقال ارزش‌های دینی به صورت صرفاً ممنوعیت‌های خشک و بدون فضای گفت‌وگو، کارایی کمتری دارد؛ بلکه این آموزه‌های بنیادین دینی باید حفظ و با مطالعات موردی واقعی و روزمره زمینه‌مند شوند. این رویکرد گفت‌وگومحور برای پیوند دادن آموزه‌های دینی با منطق انتقادی نوجوانان و تقویت ایمان آن‌ها ضروری است تا بتوانند در مواجهه با محیط‌های اجتماعی سمی، موضعی استوار اتخاذ کنند.

Purpose: This study examined with the aim of examining the levels of exposure to cyberbullying and emotional abuse among students in health sciences–related fields.Material and Methods: The sample for this cross-sectional study comprised 590 students enrolled in the departments of Midwifery (n = 200), Nursing (n = 144), Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation (n = 128), and Health Management (n = 118) at a Faculty of Health Sciences of a university. Data were collected using the Personal Information Form, the Revised Cyber Bullying Inventory–II (RCBI-II), and the Emotional Abuse Exposure Scale (EAES).Results: 41.9% of students reported witnessing cyberbullying at least once, while 36.1% reported being exposed at least once. Among exposed students cyberbullying, 27.3% indicated that cyberbullying occurred through social networking sites, and 53.9% reported awareness of emotional abuse. The mean RCBI-II scores were 13.92 ± 5.93 for cyber victimization and 12.47 ± 4.83 for cyberbullying, whereas the total EAES mean score was 54.27 ± 26.78. A statistically significant moderate positive correlation was identified between RCBI-II (cyber victimization and cyberbullying) scores and total EAES scores (p < 0.001).Conclusion: The findings indicate that students experience higher levels of cyber victimization and moderate levels of emotional abuse. As cyber victimization and cyberbullying levels increase, exposure to emotional abuse increases. Students in the midwifery department were found to experience lower levels of cyber victimization, to engage less frequently in cyberbullying behaviors, and to be exposed to lower levels of emotional abuse overall.

هدف: این پژوهش با هدف بررسی میزان مواجهه با آزار اینترنتی و سوءاستفاده عاطفی در میان دانشجویان رشته‌های مرتبط با علوم سلامت انجام شد. مواد و روش‌ها: نمونه این مطالعه مقطعی شامل ۵۹۰ دانشجو از دانشکده علوم سلامت یک دانشگاه بود که در رشته‌های مامایی (n = 200)، پرستاری (n = 144)، فیزیوتراپی و توانبخشی (n = 128) و مدیریت سلامت (n = 118) تحصیل می‌کردند. داده‌ها با استفاده از فرم اطلاعات فردی، پرسشنامه بازنگری‌شده آزار اینترنتی–II (RCBI-II) و مقیاس مواجهه با سوءاستفاده عاطفی (EAES) جمع‌آوری شد. یافته‌ها: ۴۱/۹٪ از دانشجویان گزارش کردند که حداقل یک بار شاهد آزار اینترنتی بوده‌اند، در حالی که ۳۶/۱٪ گزارش دادند که حداقل یک بار در معرض آن قرار گرفته‌اند. در میان دانشجویان در معرض آزار اینترنتی، ۲۷/۳٪ بیان کردند که آزار اینترنتی از طریق شبکه‌های اجتماعی رخ داده است و ۵۳/۹٪ از سوءاستفاده عاطفی آگاهی داشتند. میانگین نمرات RCBI-II برای قربانی شدن اینترنتی ۱۳/۹۲ ± ۵/۹۳ و برای آزار اینترنتی ۱۲/۴۷ ± ۴/۸۳ بود، در حالی که میانگین کل نمره EAES برابر با ۵۴/۲۷ ± ۲۶/۷۸ بود. همبستگی مثبت متوسط و معناداری بین نمرات RCBI-II (قربانی شدن اینترنتی و آزار اینترنتی) و نمره کل EAES مشاهده شد (p < 0.001). نتیجه‌گیری: یافته‌ها نشان می‌دهد که دانشجویان سطوح بالاتری از قربانی شدن اینترنتی و سطوح متوسطی از سوءاستفاده عاطفی را تجربه می‌کنند. با افزایش سطوح قربانی شدن اینترنتی و آزار اینترنتی، میزان مواجهه با سوءاستفاده عاطفی نیز افزایش می‌یابد. دانشجویان رشته مامایی سطوح پایین‌تری از قربانی شدن اینترنتی، مشارکت کمتر در رفتارهای آزار اینترنتی و مواجهه کمتر با سوءاستفاده عاطفی را تجربه کردند.

In higher education, student mental and emotional health and wellbeing continue to be a pressing matter of concern for administrators, policymakers, and students alike. For student leaders, this toll is often exacerbated by different modes of campus involvement and engagement; in this study, this includes college student government. While studies have examined students’ experiences more broadly, in this article, we illuminate findings from a larger study on 25 elected student government presidents and vice presidents who talked about the intense health circumstances they faced in their leadership roles. Through constructivist grounded theory methodology, we add to trauma stewardship frameworks to make some timely and important considerations for supporting college student government presidents and vice presidents. As a result, it is imperative for student government advisors and university administrators to address these concerns for student leaders. At the conclusion of this article, we introduce a model for Trauma Stewardship in Student Government.

در آموزش عالی، سلامت روانی و عاطفی و بهزیستی دانشجویان همچنان موضوعی مهم و مورد توجه مدیران، سیاست‌گذاران و خود دانشجویان است. برای رهبران دانشجویی، این فشار اغلب به واسطه شیوه‌های مختلف مشارکت و درگیری در محیط دانشگاه تشدید می‌شود؛ در این پژوهش، این امر شامل انجمن‌های دانشجویی دانشگاهی است. در حالی که پژوهش‌ها به طور کلی‌تر به بررسی تجارب دانشجویان پرداخته‌اند، در این مقاله یافته‌هایی از یک مطالعه گسترده‌تر درباره ۲۵ رئیس و نایب‌رئیس منتخب انجمن‌های دانشجویی ارائه می‌شود که درباره شرایط شدید سلامت روانی که در نقش رهبری خود با آن مواجه بوده‌اند، صحبت کرده‌اند. با بهره‌گیری از روش‌شناسی نظریه زمینه‌ای سازه‌گرایانه، به چارچوب‌های مدیریت آسیب روانی افزوده و ملاحظات به‌موقع و مهمی برای حمایت از رؤسا و نایب‌رؤسای انجمن‌های دانشجویی دانشگاه مطرح می‌کنیم. در نتیجه، ضروری است که مشاوران انجمن‌های دانشجویی و مدیران دانشگاه به این نگرانی‌ها برای رهبران دانشجویی توجه کنند. در پایان این مقاله، مدلی برای مدیریت آسیب روانی در انجمن‌های دانشجویی معرفی می‌شود.

Bullying is widespread and negatively impacts youth mental health. However, differences between in-person bullying, cyberbullying, and their combination are understudied. To compare the prevalence, clinical presentations, and impairment associated with in-person bullying, cyberbullying, and their combination among depressed youth. Participants were N = 1,281 depressed and/or suicidal youth in Texas aged 8-17 years. Chi-square tests compared bullying prevalence across age, sociodemographic, and identity groups. Multivariate analysis of variance and post-hoc tests compared clinical presentations across forms of bullying experienced. Bullying prevalence differed by age group. Youth who experienced cyberbullying or combined bullying reported greater depression, anxiety, and impairment than non-bullied youth. Prevention and intervention strategies should address the combined effects of in-person and cyberbullying.

قلدری پدیده‌ای گسترده است که تأثیر منفی بر سلامت روان نوجوانان دارد. با این حال، تفاوت‌های میان قلدری حضوری، قلدری سایبری و ترکیب این دو کمتر مورد مطالعه قرار گرفته است. هدف این پژوهش مقایسه شیوع، تظاهرات بالینی و میزان ناتوانی مرتبط با قلدری حضوری، قلدری سایبری و ترکیب آن‌ها در میان نوجوانان مبتلا به افسردگی بود. شرکت‌کنندگان شامل N = 1,281 نوجوان مبتلا به افسردگی و/یا افکار خودکشی در تگزاس با دامنه سنی ۸ تا ۱۷ سال بودند. آزمون خی‌دو برای مقایسه شیوع قلدری در گروه‌های سنی، جمعیت‌شناختی و هویتی به کار رفت. تحلیل واریانس چندمتغیره و آزمون‌های پس از آن برای مقایسه تظاهرات بالینی در انواع مختلف تجربه قلدری انجام شد. شیوع قلدری بر اساس گروه سنی متفاوت بود. نوجوانانی که قلدری سایبری یا قلدری ترکیبی را تجربه کرده بودند، افسردگی، اضطراب و ناتوانی بیشتری نسبت به نوجوانان بدون تجربه قلدری گزارش کردند. راهبردهای پیشگیری و مداخله باید به اثرات ترکیبی قلدری حضوری و سایبری توجه داشته باشند.