work-related musculoskeletal disorders

ABSTRACT Low Back Pain (LBP) is a disease caused by non-ergonomic working conditions during manual handling activities. LBP is a leading cause of activity limitations, disability, inability and absenteeism from work. The aim of this study was to analyze ergonomic risk factors for LBP complaints and their relationship to the two in charcoal briquette manufacturing industry workers at PT. Arkelindo Bara Sejahtera. This study was quantitative with a cross-sectional approach. The study was conducted from June to November 2025. The population and sample were 183 and 151 workers, respectively. Research data was obtained from questionnaires, interviews, diagnoses, and direct on-site observations. Data analysis was conducted using univariate, bivariate, and multivariate methods. The results showed that as many as 64.2% of participants experienced complaints of severe LBP. It was also found that awkward postures, static work positions, repetitive movements and excessive force use were at risk of 62.9%, 70.2%, 73.5% and 57.6%, respectively. There is a relationship between awkward postures (p = 0.023, OR = 2.843), static work positions (p =0.004, OR = 3.875), repetitive movements (p = 0.000, OR = 6.013) and excessive force use (p = 0.003, OR = 4.178) and NBP complaints. The dominant ergonomic risk factor for LBP complaints is repetitive movements with an OR value of 6.013. This study indicates that repeated exposure to sitting or standing for more than half the working day, combined with awkward postures such as bending and twisting, were the dominant contributing factors to LBP. It is hoped that companies can implement ergonomic work positions to ensure worker comfort. Keywords: Charcoal Briquette Industry, Ergonomic Risks, Back Pain, Occupational Health. ABSTRAK Nyeri punggung bawah (NPB) merupakan penyakit akibat kondisi kerja yang tidak ergonomis selama aktivitas manual handling. NPB merupakan salah satu penyebab utama keterbatasan aktivitas, kecacatan, ketidakmampuan dan ketidakhadiran dalam bekerja. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis faktor risiko ergonomi terhadap keluhan NPB dan hubungan keduanya pada pekerja industri pembuatan briket arang di PT. Arkelindo Bara Sejahtera.Jenis penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif dengan pendekatan cross-sectional. Penelitian dilaksanakan bulan Juni hingga November 2025. Populasi dan sampel berturut-turut adalah 183 dan 151 pekerja. Data penelitian diperoleh dari kuesioner, wawancara, diagnosa dan pengamatan langsung. Analisis data dilakukan secara univariat, bivariat dan multivariat. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa sebanyak 64,2% responden mengalami keluhan NPB berat. Itu ditemukan juga bahwa postur tubuh janggal, posisi kerja statis, gerakan berulang, dan penggunaan tenaga berlebihan masing-masing berisiko sebesar 62,9%, 70,2%, 73,5%, dan 57,6%. Terdapat hubungan antara postur tubuh yang tidak nyaman (p = 0,023, OR = 2,843), posisi kerja statis (p = 0,004, OR = 3,875), gerakan berulang (p = 0,000, OR = 6,013), dan penggunaan tenaga berlebihan (p = 0,003, OR = 4,178) dengan keluhan NPB. Faktor risiko ergonomi dominan terhadap keluhan NPB adalah pergerakan berulang dengan nilai OR 6,013. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa paparan berulang terhadap posisi duduk atau berdiri selama lebih dari setengah hari kerja, dikombinasikan dengan postur tubuh janggal seperti membungkuk dan memutar badan, merupakan faktor utama penyebab NPB. Itu diharapkan bahwa perusahaan dapat menerapkan posisi kerja ergonomis agar pekerja nyaman saat bekerja. Kata Kunci: Industri Briket Arang, Risiko Ergonomi, Nyeri Punggung, Kesehatan Kerja.

Objective This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms and work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) among orthopedic nurses, identify demographic, occupational, and lifestyle characteristics associated with WMSDs, and explore whether routinely collected characteristics could discriminate nurses with WMSDs from those without. Method A single-center cross-sectional study was conducted among nurses at a tertiary orthopedic specialty hospital in China between March and November 2023. Conventional analyses included multivariable logistic regression, modified Poisson regression with robust standard errors, and negative binomial regression. Logistic regression as a benchmark, elastic-net logistic regression, random forest, XGBoost, and support vector machine were compared using repeated 5-fold cross-validation with fold-specific preprocessing. Prediction performance was assessed using AUC with bootstrap 95% CIs, PR-AUC, Brier score, calibration intercept and slope, and descriptive threshold metrics; TreeSHAP was used for model interpretation. Result Among 948 nurses with valid questionnaires, 654 reported musculoskeletal symptoms in the previous 12 months, irrespective of work attribution (68.99%). After excluding 44 participants with uncertain work-related attribution, 604/904 participants were classified as having work-related WMSDs (66.81%). Each 1-point increase in the strict ergonomic risk score was associated with WMSDs in logistic regression (adjusted OR = 2.631, 95% CI 2.039–3.432; p < 0.001) and modified Poisson regression (adjusted PR = 1.283, 95% CI 1.203–1.369; p < 0.001). The highest observed AUC was 0.752 (95% CI 0.721–0.791) for the domain random forest model; the domain XGBoost model had the highest PR-AUC (0.841). Conclusion Musculoskeletal symptoms and WMSDs were common among orthopedic nurses in this single-center sample. Occupational exposure and postural load were associated with WMSDs. The exploratory prediction models showed limited-to-moderate discrimination and warrant prospective multicenter external validation before practical application.

This exploratory study examined the relationship between the massage modalities used, the length of the massage treatment, and the areas of the body massaged on the perceived self-reported effort level and muscular fatigue as well as the ergonomic sensor data for average composite risk score and average fatigue risk score. Participants completed their normal routine of massages while wearing sensors: watch placed on the upper arm to collect physiological data; GoX ® sensor placed on the dominant upper arm and back of the shirt to collect ergonomic data. Participants performed massages in their regular clinic, following their normal treatment plan. Following each session, a survey was completed about the massage treatment, including areas massaged, techniques used and self-reported effort and muscle fatigue. Mean self-reported effort level was 10.71± 2.40, light level on the Borg Scale. Mean self-reported muscular fatigue level was 2.69 ± 0.75, light activity on the RPE scale. Length of time of the massage session was not a strong indicator of subjective or objective measures. No one technique provided an increased risk of fatigue. This exploratory study gave a snapshot into fatigue and risks for work-related musculoskeletal disorders in massage therapists while practicing in their normal clinical setting.

این مطالعه اکتشافی به بررسی رابطه بین انواع ماساژ مورد استفاده، مدت زمان درمان ماساژ و نواحی بدن ماساژ داده‌شده با سطح تلاش ادراک‌شده و خستگی عضلانی خودگزارش‌شده، همچنین داده‌های حسگر ارگونومیک برای امتیاز میانگین ریسک ترکیبی و امتیاز میانگین ریسک خستگی پرداخت. شرکت‌کنندگان در حین انجام روال عادی ماساژ خود، حسگرهایی را پوشیدند: ساعت روی بازوی فوقانی برای جمع‌آوری داده‌های فیزیولوژیک؛ حسگر GoX® روی بازوی غالب فوقانی و پشت پیراهن برای جمع‌آوری داده‌های ارگونومیک قرار گرفت. شرکت‌کنندگان ماساژها را در کلینیک معمول خود و مطابق با برنامه درمانی عادی انجام دادند. پس از هر جلسه، پرسشنامه‌ای درباره درمان ماساژ، از جمله نواحی ماساژ داده‌شده، تکنیک‌های استفاده‌شده و تلاش و خستگی عضلانی خودگزارش‌شده تکمیل شد. میانگین سطح تلاش خودگزارش‌شده ۱۰٫۷۱±۲٫۴۰، سطح سبک در مقیاس Borg بود. میانگین سطح خستگی عضلانی خودگزارش‌شده ۲٫۶۹±۰٫۷۵، فعالیت سبک در مقیاس RPE بود. مدت زمان جلسه ماساژ شاخص قوی‌ای برای سنجه‌های ذهنی یا عینی نبود. هیچ تکنیک خاصی موجب افزایش ریسک خستگی نشد. این مطالعه اکتشافی تصویری اجمالی از خستگی و ریسک اختلالات اسکلتی‌عضلانی مرتبط با کار در ماساژورهایی که در محیط بالینی عادی خود فعالیت می‌کنند ارائه داد.