female students

Student engagement positively influences academic achievement, yet instruments suited to the Indonesian cultural context remain limited. This study aimed to develop a valid, reliable, and user-friendly student engagement scale for high school students. Using a quantitative descriptive design, the study involved 295 male and female students aged 15–18 years recruited through convenience sampling. The scale comprised three dimensions: behavioral, emotional, and cognitive engagement. The results showed that the scale demonstrated a good model fit based on the goodness-of-fit indices (χ2/df = 1.60; CFI = 0.966; TLI = 0.962; SRMR = 0.074; RMSEA = 0.045) and good reliability, with Cronbach’s alpha values of 0.844 for emotional engagement, 0.753 for behavioral engagement, and 0.782 for cognitive engagement. The developed scale can be used by teachers, counselors, and educational researchers to identify students’ levels of engagement and inform the development of programs to improve student engagement.

Digital technologies are now at the center of university teaching and learning. They can also cause technostress, a strain that arises when technology demands outpace a person's capacity to cope. This study examined how technostress relates to psychological well-being in undergraduates and how these variables differ across demographic and academic groups. The study used a cross-sectional survey design. Using multi-stage sampling, the study selected 1001 undergraduate students (317 male and 684 female). They were enrolled in the faculties of Education, Arts, and Science at two public and two private universities in Lahore District, Pakistan. The study used a 21-item scale to assess technostress across five creators: overload, complexity, uncertainty, insecurity, and invasion. Well-being was assessed with the 42-item form of the Ryff scales. In a pilot sample of 300 students, internal consistency was .71 for technostress and .880 for well-being. Analyses were run in SPSS version 21 and included correlation, t tests for two groups, and ANOVA for more than two groups. The pilot study aimed to determine the instrument’s Cronbach's alpha reliability (TS = 0.705 and RSPW = 0.840). Experts were consulted to confirm the instrument's validity. The study tested the hypotheses using both descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings revealed a weak positive relationship between technostress and psychological well-being among undergraduate students (r = 0.22), which was statistically significant. There was no significant difference between male and female students in technostress and psychological well-being. However, the mean values indicate that females (M = 68.38) have slightly higher technostress than males (M = 67.16). Therefore, universities should foster a supportive digital environment that helps diminish the negative effects of technostress on students’ psychological well-being.

This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of a project-based learning strategy utilizing digital platforms in developing the analytical writing skills of female secondary school students. The study employed a quasi-experimental approach, with a sample consisting of 60 eleventh-grade students from Al-Nuzha Secondary Mixed School, under the Qwaismeh Directorate. The participants were divided equally into two groups: an experimental group (n = 30) and a control group (n = 30). Data were gathered by administering a pre- and post-test of analytical writing to the study sample.The results revealed statistically significant differences between the mean scores of the experimental group in the pre- and post-assessments of the analytical writing test, favoring the post-test with a mean value of 32.23. Furthermore, statistically significant differences were observed at the significance level (α = 0.05) among the students’ mean scores across the specific dimensions of analytical writing (text introduction, text body, text conclusion, and text coherence). Notably, highly significant differences were detected at the significance level (p = 0.000) in the post-assessment of both the "text body" and "text coherence" dimensions. Based on these findings, the study recommends developing specialized educational digital platforms for the Ministry of Education and integrating them with school textbooks, while emphasizing the necessity of training teachers to effectively utilize and implement these platforms in the educational process, particularly for teaching language. skills.

This study assessed the socio-demographic profile and level of Technology and Livelihood Education (TLE) functional literacy among senior high school students as a basis for developing a work readiness intervention program. Specifically, it examined the respondents’ profiles in terms of age, sex, general academic performance, and availability of TLE-related tools at home, as well as their level of functional literacy in technology and engineering design, food and nutrition, financial literacy, entrepreneurial competence, and agricultural literacy and agri-tech awareness. A descriptive research design was employed involving 406 senior high school students. Data were gathered using a validated researcher-made questionnaire and analyzed using frequency, percentage, and mean. Findings showed that the majority of respondents were 17–18 years old, with male students slightly outnumbering female students. Most respondents demonstrated favorable academic performance, with the largest proportion obtaining grades of 90 and above. In terms of available TLE-related resources at home, students had greater access to common cooking and household tools than to sewing and agricultural equipment. The findings further revealed varying levels of TLE functional literacy across the identified domains. Technology and engineering design literacy, food and nutrition literacy, and financial literacy were assessed as Needs Improvement, indicating areas requiring strengthened practical knowledge and skills. Agricultural literacy and agri-tech awareness reflected a relatively higher level of performance, while entrepreneurial competence was assessed as Very Satisfactory, indicating a notable strength among the respondents. Based on these findings, a work readiness intervention program entitled “Ready for Work: A Work Readiness Intervention Program for Enhancing TLE Functional Literacy among Senior High School Students” was proposed to address identified areas for improvement through hands-on, skill-based, and experiential learning activities. The study concludes that although students demonstrate strengths in entrepreneurial competence and academic performance, targeted instructional support and practical learning opportunities are needed to strengthen TLE functional literacy relevant to employment, entrepreneurship, and lifelong learning. It is recommended that schools provide structured work readiness interventions, expand opportunities for experiential and hands-on learning, and integrate practical financial, technological, and livelihood skills into TLE instruction to better prepare students for future work environments.

Aim and background: Sleep is a biological necessity essential for physical and mental well-being, yet many young adults, particularly college students, experience sleep disruptions due to major life changes and poor sleep hygiene.This study aimed to identify the determinants of insomnia among undergraduate female students in a rural area of Haryana.Materials and methods: A mixed-method study was conducted between May 2024 and May 2025 involving 340 undergraduate female students.Quantitative data were collected using a semi-structured socio-demographic questionnaire and the insomnia severity index (ISI).Qualitative insights were gathered through in-depth interviews (IDI) with 15 students identified with clinically significant insomnia.Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software version 26, with significance set at p < 0.05.Results: The prevalence of clinically significant insomnia in the cohort was 5.6% (n = 19).Quantitative analysis revealed that the participant's state of origin was the only statistically significant socio-demographic determinant (p = 0.031).Students from states other than Haryana reported a significantly higher insomnia prevalence (12.5%) compared to those from Haryana (4.2%).Factors such as age, socio-economic status, and type of occupancy showed no significant correlation.Qualitative themes highlighted academic performance, overuse of electronic devices, social environment, and psycho-social stress as primary triggers.Conclusion: While the prevalence of insomnia is relatively low, it is significantly driven by academic transitions, excessive screen time, and communal living challenges.A notable awareness-action gap exists, as students recognize the importance of sleep but prefer self-management or mindfulness over professional clinical help.

Purpose Academic procrastination (AP) is a pervasive self-regulatory problem that undermines students’ academic functioning and psychological well-being. This study examined the direct and indirect relationships between growth and fixed mindsets, internal and external locus of control, and AP in sports science students. Method Internal and external locus of control were tested as parallel mediators in separate growth and fixed mindset models. A cross-sectional predictive design was employed with 544 undergraduate sports science students in Eastern Anatolia, Türkiye. Participants completed measures of mindset, locus of control, and AP. Parallel mediation analyses were conducted using PROCESS Macro (Model 4) with 5,000 bootstrap samples, controlling for age and gender. Results The direct effects indicated that a growth mindset was negatively associated with AP, whereas a fixed mindset was positively associated with AP. A growth mindset was positively associated with an internal locus of control and negatively associated with an external locus of control, whereas a fixed mindset was negatively associated with an internal locus of control and positively associated with an external locus of control. An external locus of control was positively associated with AP and significantly mediated the relationships between both mindset dimensions and AP. In contrast, the internal locus of control did not significantly mediate either relationship. Male students reported higher AP levels than female students, and age was negatively associated with AP. Conclusion These findings suggest that an external locus of control is a key behavioral mechanism linking mindset beliefs to AP. Interventions targeting maladaptive external control beliefs may help reduce AP among sports science students.

The present study examined the relationship between imposter phenomenon and career anxiety among final-year students in India. A quantitative correlational design was adopted with a sample of 36 final-year students (10 males, 26 females) selected through convenience sampling. Standardized measures included the Clance Imposter Phenomenon Scale and a self-constructed Career Anxiety Scale. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson?s correlation, and independent-samples t-tests. Results revealed a significant moderate positive correlation between imposter phenomenon and career anxiety (r = .45, p = .006). Female students reported slightly higher scores on both constructs, but gender differences were not statistically significant (p > .05). Findings suggest that imposter feelings contribute to career anxiety and may inform career counselling interventions in college settings.

The aim of this study was to identify the latent profiles of young adults based on their levels of cyber victimization, perceived social support, self-compassion, and difficulties in emotion regulation (DER), and to examine whether these profiles differed according to gender and academic year. The study included 425 young adults enrolled at a public university in Türkiye. Data were collected using the Cyber Victimization Scale, the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, the Self-Compassion Scale–Short Form, and the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale. Latent Profile Analysis (LPA) and the R3STEP procedure were used to analyze the data. The findings revealed four distinct latent profiles: The Protective Resources Profile, Low Self-Compassion / High DER Profile, Moderate Psychosocial Adjustment Profile, and High Self-Compassion / Average DER Profile. The R3STEP analysis indicated that gender was significantly associated with latent profile membership, whereas academic year showed limited associations. Specifically, compared with male students, female students were less likely to belong to the Low Self-Compassion / High DER Profile and the High Self-Compassion / Average DER Profile rather than the Protective Resources Profile, but were more likely to belong to the Moderate Psychosocial Adjustment Profile rather than the Low Self-Compassion / High DER Profile. Additionally, fourth-year students were more likely than first-year students to belong to the Low Self-Compassion / High DER Profile rather than the Protective Resources Profile.

Sleep quality is fundamental to college students’ physical and psychological health and academic functioning. Amid increasing digitalization and stress, sleep problems remain prevalent among college students. Previous research has shown that physical activity, cognitive processing styles, and behavioral regulation patterns are associated with sleep outcomes, but these variables have often been examined separately, with limited attention to their integrated association structure. Based on cross-sectional survey data, this study used latent-variable structural equation modeling to examine the sequential indirect association pattern among physical activity, negative attentional bias, bedtime procrastination, and sleep quality. Using cluster sampling, data were collected from 921 college students from four universities in East China (439 males, 482 females; M_age = 20.34, SD = 1.59). Measures included the Physical Activity Rating Scale (PARS-3), Negative Attentional Bias Scale, Bedtime Procrastination Scale, and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Structural equation modeling and bootstrap methods examined indirect associations. Results indicated that physical activity was significantly associated with lower PSQI scores, indicating better sleep quality (B_total = −0.072, β _total = −0.440, p < 0.001). Negative attentional bias and bedtime procrastination both showed significant partial indirect associations. The simple indirect associations through negative attentional bias and bedtime procrastination accounted for 20.8 and 15.3% of the total association, respectively. The sequential indirect association “physical activity → negative attentional bias → bedtime procrastination → sleep quality” was also significant, although its proportion was relatively small (4.2%). Overall, the total indirect association accounted for 40.3% of the total association. Multi-group structural analysis indicated that the association structure was broadly comparable across gender groups, although associations involving bedtime procrastination appeared stronger among female students. By integrating cognitive processing and behavioral regulation perspectives, this study provides a more integrative view of the association between physical activity and sleep quality. The findings suggest that college students’ sleep problems may be embedded within a broader system of health behaviors and psychological processes. Given the cross-sectional design, future longitudinal or experimental studies should examine the dynamic associations among these variables.

Depression is a leading cause of illness and disability among adolescents worldwide, yet evidence on its burden among school-going adolescents in rural Kenyan counties remains limited. This study determined the prevalence and socio-demographic factors of depression among secondary school students in Bungoma County, Kenya, to provide baseline evidence for mental health planning. The study was guided by Hopelessness Theory of Depression and Ecological Systems Theory. An analytical mixed methods cross-sectional study design was adopted. The target population consisted of secondary school students, with a sample size of 400 respondents determined using Taro Yamane formula. The respondents were selected through multistage stratified and systematic sampling from three sub-counties of Bungoma County (Mt. Elgon, Kimilili and Bungoma South). Quantitative data were collected using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and a structured questionnaire, and analyzed using descriptive statistics and ordinal logistic regression in SPSS version 28. Qualitative data were obtained through ten Focus group discussions with students and twelve in-depth interviews with class teachers, and analyzed thematically. The overall prevalence of depressive symptoms (PHQ-9 score ≥ 5) was 55.5% (n = 222), 41.5% (n = 166) had mild depression, 9.5% (n = 38) moderate depression, 3.5% (n = 14) moderately severe depression and 1.0% (n = 4) severe depression, while 44.5% (n = 178) were not depressed. Female students were found to be almost twice as likely to experience higher levels of depression compared to the males (AOR= 1.71, P= 0.04). On the other hand, students in mixed day and boarding schools were 78% less likely to experience higher level of depression, (AOR = 0.22, P<0.001), compared to those in girls’ boarding and day schools. Further, students who live with extended family were more than twice as likely as those with both parents to experience higher depression levels (AOR = 2.10, P= 0.04). The qualitative data pointed to gender and family structure as possible associations of depression. Depression is highly prevalent among secondary school students in Bungoma County, with one in seven students experiencing moderate to severe depression. Routine school-based mental health screening using validated tools such as the PHQ-9 is recommended to enable early identification, counselling and referral of affected students.

Gender inequality in higher education remains a concern in rural Pakistan, where women’s education opportunities are shaped by social expectations concerning mobility, family responsibilities, and appropriate gender roles. This study examined how social stigmatization associated with staying at home and performing domestic roles is experienced by rural females and how public and self-stigma relate to their participation in higher education. A qualitative descriptive phenomenological design was employed. Data were collected by semi-structured interviews from 30 participants in rural Pakistan, including eight female students and nine female family members, and 13 male family and community members. Thematic analysis identified four interrelated themes: restricted mobility and chaperonage, conditional educational and career aspirations, internalized domestic identity, and protectionist concerns surrounding coeducation. The findings indicate that female education was generally valued, but support was often conditional on family approval, proximity to home, supervision, and conformity with socially accepted roles as daughters, wives, and mothers. Public stigma was reflected in shared expectations that restricted women’s mobility, educational location, and career choices. While self-stigma through self-censorship became apparent when some female students anticipated these judgments and adjusted their educational aspirations accordingly. These findings suggest that educational inequality in the setting examined is associated not only with material and institutional barriers but also with social judgments and their internalization. By applying a stigma perspective, the study provides a context-specific account of how public stigma, self-stigma, and self-censorship may interact with gendered expectations to narrow higher education opportunities for rural females.

This study aims to compare the motivation levels of male and female eighth-grade students during volleyball instruction at SMP Muhammadiyah 5 Samarinda. The study employs a quantitative descriptive design with a comparative approach. The sample consisted of 61 students: 30 males and 31 females. A total sampling technique was used, meaning all members of the population meeting the research criteria were included in the sample. Data were collected using a learning motivation questionnaire based on indicators of needs, persistence, drive, expectations, reinforcement, and goals. The instrument underwent validity and reliability testing prior to use. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, normality tests, homogeneity tests, and an independent samples t-test. The results showed an average motivation score of 134.13 for male students and 125.61 for female students, with a mean difference of 8.52. The independent samples t-test yielded a t-value of 2.992 (df = 59) and a significance value of 0.004 (p < 0.05). These findings can serve as a reference for physical education teachers in developing instructional strategies that are varied, inclusive, and responsive to students' characteristics and needs, thereby fostering increased learning motivation in volleyball lessons.

This study aims to describe the implementation of the Pasambahan Dance extracurricular activity at SMP Negeri 27 Padang. The type of research used is qualitative research with a descriptive method. The research object is the dance extracurricular activities, while the research subjects consist of the coach and 25 female students who are members of the dance extracurricular in grades VII and VIII at SMP Negeri 27 Padang. Data collection was carried out through observation, interviews, documentation, and literature studies. The data were analyzed through stages of data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of the study show that the implementation of the Pasambahan Dance extracurricular at SMP Negeri 27 Padang has been carried out well through the stages of planning, implementation, and evaluation conducted systematically. The planning includes setting the training schedule, the content for the Pasambahan Kreasi Dance, learning methods, as well as supporting facilities and infrastructure. The activities are carried out once a week for five sessions using lectures, demonstrations, and peer tutoring methods. Evaluation is done by observing the students’ ability to master movement techniques, coordination, timing with the music, and the overall dance performance. This extracurricular activity has a positive impact on improving dance skills, discipline, responsibility, teamwork, as well as students’ appreciation of Minangkabau culture. Although there are still challenges such as limited facilities and infrastructure and not all students attend regularly, the activities can still run well thanks to the support from the school, coaches, and the students' enthusiasm.

هدف این پژوهش توصیف اجرای فعالیت فوق‌برنامه رقص پاسامباهان در دبیرستان دولتی شماره ۲۷ پادانگ است. نوع پژوهش به‌کاررفته، پژوهش کیفی با روش توصیفی می‌باشد. موضوع پژوهش، فعالیت‌های فوق‌برنامه رقص است و آزمودنی‌های پژوهش شامل مربی و ۲۵ دانش‌آموز دختر عضو فوق‌برنامه رقص در پایه‌های هفتم و هشتم دبیرستان دولتی شماره ۲۷ پادانگ هستند. گردآوری داده‌ها از طریق مشاهده، مصاحبه، اسناد و مطالعات کتابخانه‌ای انجام شده است. داده‌ها از طریق مراحل گردآوری داده، کاهش داده، ارائه داده و نتیجه‌گیری تحلیل شدند. نتایج پژوهش نشان می‌دهد که اجرای فوق‌برنامه رقص پاسامباهان در دبیرستان دولتی شماره ۲۷ پادانگ به‌خوبی و از طریق مراحل برنامه‌ریزی، اجرا و ارزیابی به‌صورت نظام‌مند انجام می‌شود. برنامه‌ریزی شامل تعیین زمان‌بندی تمرین، محتوای رقص پاسامباهان کریاسی، روش‌های یادگیری و همچنین امکانات و زیرساخت‌های پشتیبان است. فعالیت‌ها هفته‌ای یک بار در پنج جلسه با استفاده از روش‌های سخنرانی، نمایش و آموزش همسالان برگزار می‌شود. ارزیابی از طریق مشاهده توانایی دانش‌آموزان در تسلط بر تکنیک‌های حرکتی، هماهنگی، زمان‌بندی با موسیقی و اجرای کلی رقص انجام می‌شود. این فعالیت فوق‌برنامه تأثیر مثبتی بر بهبود مهارت‌های رقص، انضباط، مسئولیت‌پذیری، کار گروهی و همچنین افزایش قدردانی دانش‌آموزان از فرهنگ میننگکاباو دارد. اگرچه چالش‌هایی مانند محدودیت امکانات و زیرساخت‌ها و عدم حضور منظم همه دانش‌آموزان وجود دارد، اما این فعالیت‌ها به‌واسطه حمایت مدرسه، مربیان و اشتیاق دانش‌آموزان همچنان به‌خوبی اجرا می‌شود.

This study aims to analyze the comparison of student learning outcomes using the Teams Games Tournament (TGT) and Problem Based Learning (PBL) learning models in science (IPAS) subject on the topic of energy in Grade VI elementary school, as well as to examine the influence of gender on these outcomes. The study employed a quantitative descriptive comparative approach with 22 students of Class VI D as subjects, consisting of 12 male and 10 female students. Data were collected through learning outcome tests conducted under both learning conditions. Data analysis included descriptive statistics, Shapiro-Wilk normality test, Levene homogeneity test, Wilcoxon signed-rank test (comparing TGT and PBL within the same students), and Mann-Whitney U test (comparing male and female students). Results showed that the overall mean score for the TGT model (89.09; SD = 18.23) was higher than for the PBL model (84.55; SD = 21.32). The Wilcoxon signed-rank test yielded p = 0.190 (p > 0.05), indicating that the difference between TGT and PBL learning outcomes overall was not statistically significant. By gender, female students had higher average scores than males in both models (TGT: 94.00 vs 85.00; PBL: 92.00 vs 78.33), though the differences were not statistically significant (p = 0.101 for TGT and p = 0.102 for PBL). Learning mastery reached 81.8% in the TGT model and 72.7% in the PBL model, with female mastery (90.0% in both models) higher than males (75.0% in TGT and 58.3% in PBL). These findings imply the importance of differentiated learning based on gender to improve male students' learning mastery.

هدف این پژوهش تحلیل مقایسه‌ای نتایج یادگیری دانش‌آموزان با استفاده از مدل‌های یادگیری Teams Games Tournament (TGT) و Problem Based Learning (PBL) در درس علوم (IPAS) با موضوع انرژی در پایه ششم ابتدایی و همچنین بررسی تأثیر جنسیت بر این نتایج است. این پژوهش با رویکرد توصیفی-مقایسه‌ای کمی و با شرکت ۲۲ دانش‌آموز کلاس VI D (۱۲ پسر و ۱۰ دختر) انجام شد. داده‌ها از طریق آزمون‌های نتایج یادگیری که تحت هر دو شرایط یادگیری برگزار شد، جمع‌آوری گردید. تحلیل داده‌ها شامل آمار توصیفی، آزمون نرمالیتی Shapiro-Wilk، آزمون همگنی Levene، آزمون Wilcoxon signed-rank (مقایسه TGT و PBL در یک دانش‌آموز) و آزمون Mann-Whitney U (مقایسه دانش‌آموزان دختر و پسر) بود. نتایج نشان داد میانگین کلی نمره مدل TGT (۸۹٫۰۹؛ SD = ۱۸٫۲۳) بالاتر از مدل PBL (۸۴٫۵۵؛ SD = ۲۱٫۳۲) بود. آزمون Wilcoxon signed-rank مقدار p = ۰٫۱۹۰ (p > ۰٫۰۵) را نشان داد که بیانگر عدم تفاوت معنادار آماری بین نتایج یادگیری TGT و PBL به طور کلی است. بر اساس جنسیت، دانش‌آموزان دختر در هر دو مدل میانگین نمره بالاتری نسبت به پسران داشتند (TGT: ۹۴٫۰۰ در مقابل ۸۵٫۰۰؛ PBL: ۹۲٫۰۰ در مقابل ۷۸٫۳۳)، هرچند این تفاوت‌ها از نظر آماری معنادار نبود (p = ۰٫۱۰۱ برای TGT و p = ۰٫۱۰۲ برای PBL). میزان تسلط یادگیری در مدل TGT به ۸۱٫۸٪ و در مدل PBL به ۷۲٫۷٪ رسید و تسلط دختران (۹۰٫۰٪ در هر دو مدل) بالاتر از پسران بود (۷۵٫۰٪ در TGT و ۵۸٫۳٪ در PBL). این یافته‌ها بر اهمیت یادگیری تفکیکی بر اساس جنسیت برای بهبود تسلط یادگیری دانش‌آموزان پسر دلالت دارد.

This study aimed to improve IPAS (Natural and Social Sciences) learning outcomes through the application of the Problem Based Learning (PBL) model on the topic of Natural Features among fifth-grade students of SD Inpres Kakaskasen Dua. The research method used was Classroom Action Research (CAR) conducted in two cycles. Each cycle consisted of four stages, namely planning, implementation of the action, observation, and reflection. The subjects of this study were fifth-grade students of SD Inpres Kakaskasen Dua, totaling 26 students, consisting of 12 male students and 14 female students. The data collection techniques used were observation and learning outcome tests. The results showed that the application of the Problem Based Learning model could improve student learning outcomes. In cycle I, the percentage of learning mastery reached 62.88%, so it did not yet meet the classical mastery criterion of 75%. After learning improvements were made in cycle II, the percentage of learning mastery increased to 83.84% and had reached the established mastery criterion. In addition to the improvement in learning outcomes, students also showed better activeness in asking questions, discussing, expressing opinions, and relating learning material to everyday life. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the application of the Problem Based Learning model can improve IPAS learning outcomes on the topic of Natural Features among fifth-grade students of SD Inpres Kakaskasen Dua.

هدف این پژوهش، ارتقای نتایج یادگیری علوم طبیعی و اجتماعی (IPAS) از طریق به‌کارگیری مدل یادگیری مبتنی بر مسئله (PBL) در موضوع ویژگی‌های طبیعی در میان دانش‌آموزان پایه پنجم دبستان SD Inpres Kakaskasen Dua بود. روش پژوهش مورد استفاده، پژوهش اقدام کلاسی (CAR) بود که در دو چرخه اجرا شد. هر چرخه شامل چهار مرحله برنامه‌ریزی، اجرای اقدام، مشاهده و تأمل بود. شرکت‌کنندگان این پژوهش، دانش‌آموزان پایه پنجم دبستان SD Inpres Kakaskasen Dua به تعداد ۲۶ نفر (۱۲ دانش‌آموز پسر و ۱۴ دانش‌آموز دختر) بودند. تکنیک‌های گردآوری داده شامل مشاهده و آزمون نتایج یادگیری بود. نتایج نشان داد که به‌کارگیری مدل یادگیری مبتنی بر مسئله می‌تواند نتایج یادگیری دانش‌آموزان را بهبود بخشد. در چرخه اول، درصد تسلط یادگیری به ۶۲٫۸۸٪ رسید که هنوز معیار تسلط کلاسیک ۷۵٪ را برآورده نمی‌کرد. پس از انجام بهبودهای آموزشی در چرخه دوم، درصد تسلط یادگیری به ۸۳٫۸۴٪ افزایش یافت و به معیار تعیین‌شده رسید. علاوه بر بهبود نتایج یادگیری، دانش‌آموزان همچنین فعالیت بیشتری در پرسشگری، بحث، بیان نظرات و ارتباط دادن مطالب آموزشی با زندگی روزمره نشان دادند. بر اساس این نتایج، می‌توان نتیجه گرفت که به‌کارگیری مدل یادگیری مبتنی بر مسئله می‌تواند نتایج یادگیری علوم طبیعی و اجتماعی را در موضوع ویژگی‌های طبیعی در میان دانش‌آموزان پایه پنجم دبستان SD Inpres Kakaskasen Dua بهبود بخشد.

This study aims to determine the correlation between Quran memorization ability and speaking skills (maharah kalam) among female students at the Sa'adatul Muttaqin Islamic Boarding School in Bakung Village, Muaro Jambi. A quantitative correlational method was employed using purposive sampling. The sample consisted of 30 female students who had resided at the boarding school for at least two years and memorized a minimum of five juz (parts) of the Quran. Data on memorization ability were obtained via a questionnaire (Cronbach's Alpha =0.884), while data on speaking skills were derived from existing academic records. Analysis was conducted using the Spearman's rho correlation test. The results indicate that the majority of students fell into the moderate category for both Quran memorization ability (33.33%) and speaking skills (50.0%). The correlation test yielded a value of ρ =0.140 with a significance level of 0.460 (>0.05), leading to the acceptance of the null hypothesis (H₀). It is concluded that there is no significant relationship between Quran memorization ability and speaking skills among the students, as Arabic speaking proficiency is more strongly influenced by factors such as teaching methods, practice intensity, and the language environment.

این پژوهش با هدف تعیین رابطه بین توانایی حفظ قرآن و مهارت‌های گفتاری (مهارت کلام) در میان دانش‌آموزان دختر مدرسه شبانه‌روزی اسلامی سعدت‌المتقین واقع در روستای باکونگ، موآرو جامبی انجام شده است. روش پژوهش، همبستگی کمی با استفاده از نمونه‌گیری هدفمند بوده است. نمونه شامل ۳۰ دانش‌آموز دختر بود که حداقل دو سال در مدرسه شبانه‌روزی اقامت داشته و حداقل پنج جزء از قرآن را حفظ کرده بودند. داده‌های مربوط به توانایی حفظ قرآن از طریق پرسشنامه (آلفای کرونباخ = ۰٫۸۸۴) و داده‌های مربوط به مهارت‌های گفتاری از سوابق تحصیلی موجود استخراج شد. تحلیل داده‌ها با استفاده از آزمون همبستگی اسپیرمن (Spearman’s rho) انجام گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که اکثریت دانش‌آموزان در هر دو متغیر توانایی حفظ قرآن (۳۳٫۳۳٪) و مهارت‌های گفتاری (۵۰٫۰٪) در سطح متوسط قرار داشتند. آزمون همبستگی مقدار ρ = ۰٫۱۴۰ با سطح معناداری ۰٫۴۶۰ (>۰٫۰۵) را نشان داد که منجر به پذیرش فرض صفر (H₀) شد. نتیجه‌گیری می‌شود که بین توانایی حفظ قرآن و مهارت‌های گفتاری در میان دانش‌آموزان رابطه معناداری وجود ندارد، چرا که تسلط بر مهارت گفتاری زبان عربی بیشتر تحت تأثیر عواملی چون روش‌های تدریس، میزان تمرین و محیط زبانی قرار دارد.

This study examines the status of science identity of physics among middle school students, adopting a mixed-methods approach combining survey data and qualitative interviews, thereby addressing a gap in research on science identity in physics within the transitional context from integrated to discipline-specific curricula in early middle school. Quantitative analyses, including descriptive statistics, cluster analysis, correlation analysis, t-tests, and MANOVA, examined students’ science identity status, patterns, and gender differences. Qualitative interviews were analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis to explore underlying factors. The findings indicate that students’ science identity is moderately positive overall but characterized by an internal imbalance. While interest in science classes emerges as the strongest dimension, science role recognition remains notably weak, revealing an interest–recognition gap. A substantial proportion of students cluster within a neutral identity category, suggesting that the transition from integrated science to subject-based curricula represents a critical and malleable stage in identity development. Gender differences are significant across all dimensions of science identity and become more pronounced at higher grade levels, particularly in learning competence, practical performance, and career interest. Qualitative evidence suggests that these patterns may be associated with increasing academic demands following the transition to discipline-specific curricula, shifts in evaluation approaches, and internalized gender stereotypes. Additionally, limited peer discourse, low perceived proximity to the scientist role, and insufficient exposure to authentic scientific practices further constrain identity formation. Teacher recognition is a critical factor, with female students showing heightened sensitivity to it.

این پژوهش به بررسی وضعیت هویت علمی در فیزیک در میان دانش‌آموزان دوره متوسطه اول می‌پردازد و با اتخاذ رویکردی ترکیبی که داده‌های پیمایشی و مصاحبه‌های کیفی را تلفیق می‌کند، به خلأ پژوهشی در زمینه هویت علمی در فیزیک در بستر گذار از برنامه درسی تلفیقی به برنامه درسی مبتنی بر رشته‌های مجزا در اوایل دوره متوسطه پاسخ می‌دهد. تحلیل‌های کمی، شامل آمار توصیفی، تحلیل خوشه‌ای، تحلیل همبستگی، آزمون t و تحلیل واریانس چندمتغیره (MANOVA)، وضعیت، الگوها و تفاوت‌های جنسیتی هویت علمی دانش‌آموزان را بررسی کردند. مصاحبه‌های کیفی با استفاده از تحلیل تماتیک بازتابی برای شناسایی عوامل زمینه‌ای تحلیل شدند. یافته‌ها نشان می‌دهد که هویت علمی دانش‌آموزان به طور کلی در سطحی نسبتاً مثبت قرار دارد اما با عدم تعادل درونی همراه است. در حالی که علاقه به کلاس‌های علوم قوی‌ترین بُعد هویت است، شناسایی نقش علمی به طور قابل توجهی ضعیف باقی می‌ماند و شکاف علاقه ـ شناسایی را آشکار می‌سازد. بخش قابل توجهی از دانش‌آموزان در دسته هویت خنثی قرار می‌گیرند که نشان می‌دهد گذار از علوم تلفیقی به برنامه درسی مبتنی بر رشته، مرحله‌ای بحرانی و انعطاف‌پذیر در رشد هویت به شمار می‌رود. تفاوت‌های جنسیتی در همه ابعاد هویت علمی معنادار است و در پایه‌های بالاتر، به ویژه در شایستگی یادگیری، عملکرد عملی و علاقه شغلی، برجسته‌تر می‌شود. شواهد کیفی حاکی از آن است که این الگوها ممکن است با افزایش انتظارات تحصیلی پس از گذار به برنامه درسی مبتنی بر رشته، تغییر رویکردهای ارزشیابی و درونی‌سازی کلیشه‌های جنسیتی مرتبط باشد. همچنین، محدودیت در گفت‌وگوی همسالان، ادراک پایین از نزدیکی به نقش دانشمند و مواجهه ناکافی با تجارب اصیل علمی، شکل‌گیری هویت را بیشتر محدود می‌کند. شناسایی معلم به عنوان عاملی کلیدی مطرح است و دانش‌آموزان دختر حساسیت بیشتری نسبت به آن نشان می‌دهند.

This study analyzes the implementation of the Nisaiyah Program at Pondok Pesantren An-Nur Darunnajah 8 Cidokom, Indonesia, a character education initiative specifically designed for female students (santri). It aims to evaluate the enabling factors, barriers, and overall effectiveness of the program in achieving its holistic character education objectives. Employing a qualitative case study design, data were collected through in-depth interviews, participatory observation, and document analysis. Thematic analysis was applied, with data validity ensured via source triangulation. The findings reveal that while the Nisaiyah Program is underpinned by a sound conceptual design and strong leadership commitment, its effectiveness is significantly constrained by systemic challenges. Key impediments include inconsistent curriculum delivery, inadequate physical resources, a lack of a structured mentoring system, and managerial inefficiencies such as a saturated schedule and diffuse management ownership. Analysis through the lenses of the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) and Total Quality Management (TQM) principles demonstrates how the interplay of barriers within the inner setting and implementation process curtails the program's potential. The study concludes that the success of educational innovations within Islamic boarding schools necessitates a synergistic alignment of vision, robust operational systems, and dedicated resource allocation. The implications call for systemic improvements in curriculum fidelity, mentoring frameworks, and infrastructure. Future research should pursue longitudinal studies on the program's long-term impact, comparative case studies across pesantren, and investigations into strategies for cultivating positive peer cultures that reinforce program objectives

این مطالعه به تحلیل اجرای برنامه نسائیه در پوندک پسنترن ان‌نور دارالنجاح ۸ سیدوکوم، اندونزی، که یک ابتکار آموزش شخصیت به طور خاص برای دانش‌آموزان دختر (سانتری) است، می‌پردازد. هدف این پژوهش ارزیابی عوامل تسهیل‌کننده، موانع و اثربخشی کلی برنامه در دستیابی به اهداف جامع آموزش شخصیت می‌باشد. با بهره‌گیری از طرح مطالعه موردی کیفی، داده‌ها از طریق مصاحبه‌های عمیق، مشاهده مشارکتی و تحلیل اسناد گردآوری شدند. تحلیل تماتیک به کار گرفته شد و روایی داده‌ها از طریق مثلث‌سازی منابع تضمین گردید. یافته‌ها نشان می‌دهد که اگرچه برنامه نسائیه بر پایه طراحی مفهومی قوی و تعهد رهبری مستحکم استوار است، اثربخشی آن به طور قابل توجهی توسط چالش‌های نظام‌مند محدود می‌شود. موانع کلیدی شامل اجرای نامنسجم برنامه درسی، منابع فیزیکی ناکافی، فقدان نظام منتورینگ ساختارمند و ناکارآمدی‌های مدیریتی نظیر برنامه زمانی اشباع و مالکیت پراکنده مدیریت می‌باشد. تحلیل از منظر چارچوب تلفیقی پژوهش اجرای مداخله (CFIR) و اصول مدیریت کیفیت جامع (TQM) نشان می‌دهد که تعامل موانع در محیط داخلی و فرایند اجرا، ظرفیت بالقوه برنامه را محدود می‌سازد. این مطالعه نتیجه می‌گیرد که موفقیت نوآوری‌های آموزشی در مدارس شبانه‌روزی اسلامی مستلزم هم‌راستایی هم‌افزا میان چشم‌انداز، نظام‌های عملیاتی قوی و تخصیص منابع متعهدانه است. پیامدهای پژوهش بر لزوم بهبود نظام‌مند در وفاداری به برنامه درسی، چارچوب‌های منتورینگ و زیرساخت‌ها تأکید دارد. پژوهش‌های آتی باید به مطالعات طولی درباره تأثیر بلندمدت برنامه، مطالعات موردی مقایسه‌ای در میان پسنترن‌ها و بررسی راهبردهای پرورش فرهنگ همسالان مثبت که اهداف برنامه را تقویت می‌کند، بپردازند.

This quantitative correlational study investigates the relationship between online gaming, gender, and English vocabulary mastery among 65 tenth-grade students at a private high school in North Minahasa, Indonesia. Data were collected using a self-report online gaming questionnaire and a 50-item researcher-developed multiple-choice vocabulary test reviewed by three experiences EFL teacher for content validity. The students reported a high mean level of online gaming (M = 3.94) while moderate mean level of vocabulary mastery (M = 65.69). Pearson correlation revealed a weak, positive but non-significant relationship between gaming frequency and vocabulary test scores (r = .141, p = .262). An independent samples t-test indicated no statistically significant difference in vocabulary performance between male (M = 64.22) and female students (M = 67.09), and t(62,75) = -0.53, p = .598. The findings indicate that the online gaming does not necessarily correspond to higher vocabulary mastery. However, the findings should be interpreted cautiously because the study used a small co sample from one school and did not examine game genre or the amount of English used during gameplay. Further research should examine these factors and use more direct measures of English exposure during gaming.

این پژوهش همبستگی کمی به بررسی رابطه بین بازی‌های آنلاین، جنسیت و تسلط بر واژگان زبان انگلیسی در میان ۶۵ دانش‌آموز پایه دهم یک دبیرستان غیرانتفاعی در شمال میناهاسا، اندونزی می‌پردازد. داده‌ها با استفاده از پرسشنامه خودگزارش‌دهی بازی‌های آنلاین و یک آزمون چندگزینه‌ای ۵۰ سؤالی واژگان که توسط سه معلم با تجربه EFL از نظر روایی محتوایی بررسی شد، جمع‌آوری گردید. دانش‌آموزان میانگین بالایی از سطح بازی آنلاین را گزارش کردند (M = 3.94) در حالی که میانگین سطح تسلط بر واژگان در حد متوسط بود (M = 65.69). همبستگی پیرسون رابطه‌ای ضعیف، مثبت اما غیرمعنادار بین فراوانی بازی و نمرات آزمون واژگان نشان داد (r = .141, p = .262). آزمون t مستقل تفاوت معناداری از نظر آماری در عملکرد واژگان بین دانش‌آموزان پسر (M = 64.22) و دختر (M = 67.09) نشان نداد، t(62,75) = -0.53, p = .598. یافته‌ها نشان می‌دهند که بازی آنلاین لزوماً با تسلط بیشتر بر واژگان همراه نیست. با این حال، یافته‌ها باید با احتیاط تفسیر شوند زیرا این پژوهش از نمونه‌ای کوچک و تنها از یک مدرسه استفاده کرده و به بررسی نوع بازی یا میزان استفاده از زبان انگلیسی در حین بازی نپرداخته است. پژوهش‌های بیشتری باید این عوامل را بررسی کرده و از سنجه‌های مستقیم‌تر برای سنجش میزان مواجهه با زبان انگلیسی در حین بازی استفاده کنند.

This study aims to comprehensively describe the use of human doll (mannequin) media and the highly structured instructional strategies implemented by teachers in facilitating the learning activities related to wearing sanitary pads among eighth-grade female students with moderate intellectual disabilities at SLB C Gandasari Jatibarang, Indramayu Regency. This research employed a qualitative approach utilizing a descriptive phenomenological method. Data were systematically collected through continuous participant observation, in-depth interviews with educators and parents, and document analysis, focusing sharply on the process of media utilization, the sequential stages of human doll integration, and the adaptive strategies applied by teachers in facilitating skill acquisition. The findings definitively indicate that human doll media were effectively used as concrete instructional aids to demonstrate the complex steps of wearing sanitary pads in a gradual, highly systematic, and repetitive manner. Keywords: Human Doll Media, Instructional Strategies, Self-Care Learning, Moderate Intellectual Disability Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan penggunaan media boneka manusia serta strategi pembelajaran yang diterapkan guru dalam kegiatan pembelajaran mengenakan pembalut pada peserta didik tunagrahita sedang kelas VIII di SLB C Gandasari Jatibarang Kabupaten Indramayu. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode deskriptif . Data dikumpulkan melalui observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi, dengan fokus pada proses pemanfaatan media, tahapan penggunaan media boneka manusia, serta strategi guru dalam memfasilitasi pembelajaran. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa media boneka manusia digunakan sebagai alat peraga konkret untuk mendemonstrasikan langkah-langkah mengenakan pembalut secara bertahap, sistematis, dan berulang. Kata Kunci: Media Boneka Manusia, Strategi Pembelajaran, Pembelajaran Bina Diri, Tunagrahita Sedang

این مطالعه با هدف توصیف جامع کاربرد رسانه عروسک انسانی (مانکن) و راهبردهای آموزشی بسیار ساختاریافته‌ای که توسط معلمان در تسهیل فعالیت‌های یادگیری مرتبط با پوشیدن نوار بهداشتی در میان دانش‌آموزان دختر پایه هشتم با ناتوانی ذهنی متوسط در مدرسه SLB C Gandasari Jatibarang شهرستان ایندرامایو انجام شده است. این پژوهش با رویکرد کیفی و با استفاده از روش پدیدارشناسی توصیفی انجام شده است. داده‌ها به صورت نظام‌مند از طریق مشاهده مستمر مشارکتی، مصاحبه‌های عمیق با معلمان و والدین و تحلیل اسناد گردآوری شده‌اند و تمرکز اصلی بر فرایند استفاده از رسانه، مراحل متوالی ادغام مانکن انسانی و راهبردهای انطباقی معلمان در تسهیل کسب مهارت بوده است. یافته‌ها به طور قطعی نشان می‌دهند که رسانه مانکن انسانی به عنوان ابزار آموزشی عینی و مؤثر برای نمایش مراحل پیچیده پوشیدن نوار بهداشتی به صورت تدریجی، بسیار نظام‌مند و تکراری مورد استفاده قرار گرفته است.

This research is motivated by the importance of character education in Islamic boarding schools (pesantren) and the limited studies that view the sorogan method not merely as a technique for learning to read classical texts (kitab), but as a medium for internalizing character values. In contrast to previous studies that focused more on academic improvement and learning motivation, this research positions sorogan as a vehicle for religious character formation in learning the kitab Aqidatul Awam. This qualitative case study was conducted at Manbaul Falah Islamic Boarding School, focusing on first-grade female students (kelas 1 Ula Putri). Data were collected through in-depth interviews, participant observation, and documentation, then analyzed using the interactive model of Miles, Huberman, and Saldana. The main findings indicate that the character values internalized through the sorogan method include awareness of duty and responsibility, discipline, respect (adab/tawadhu’) toward teachers, independence, and perseverance. The internalization process occurs through direct practice (learning by doing), continuous habituation, integration with creed-based material that shapes spiritual intuition (dzauq), and the emotional relationship between teacher and student. The main obstacle is students’ initial misconception about literal memorization demands. This research contributes to enriching the literature on the affective dimension of the sorogan method in pesantren-based character education.

این پژوهش با توجه به اهمیت تربیت اخلاقی در مدارس علمیه (پاندران) و کمبود مطالعاتی که به روش سُروگان نه صرفاً به عنوان تکنیکی برای آموزش قرائت متون کلاسیک (کتاب)، بلکه به عنوان ابزاری برای درونی‌سازی ارزش‌های اخلاقی می‌نگرند، انجام شده‌است. برخلاف پژوهش‌های پیشین که بیشتر بر بهبود تحصیلی و انگیزش یادگیری تمرکز داشتند، این پژوهش روش سُروگان را به عنوان وسیله‌ای برای شکل‌دهی شخصیت دینی در آموزش کتاب عقیدةالعوام مطرح می‌کند. این مطالعه موردی کیفی در مدرسه علمیه منبع‌الفلاح انجام شده و بر دانش‌آموزان دختر کلاس اول عُلا تمرکز دارد. داده‌ها از طریق مصاحبه‌های عمیق، مشاهده مشارکتی و اسناد جمع‌آوری و با استفاده از مدل تعاملی Miles، Huberman و Saldana تحلیل شدند. یافته‌های اصلی نشان می‌دهد ارزش‌های اخلاقی که از طریق روش سُروگان درونی می‌شوند شامل آگاهی از وظیفه و مسئولیت، انضباط، احترام (ادب/تواضع) نسبت به معلم، استقلال و پشتکار است. فرایند درونی‌سازی از طریق تمرین مستقیم (یادگیری از طریق عمل)، عادت‌دهی مستمر، ادغام با محتوای مبتنی بر عقیده که شهود معنوی (ذوق) را شکل می‌دهد و رابطه عاطفی میان معلم و شاگرد رخ می‌دهد. مهم‌ترین مانع، برداشت اولیه نادرست دانش‌آموزان درباره الزامات حفظ لفظی است. این پژوهش به غنای ادبیات بُعد عاطفی روش سُروگان در تربیت اخلاقی مبتنی بر پاندران کمک می‌کند.

This classroom action research aimed to improve the analytical skills of fifth-grade students in Natural and Social Sciences (IPAS) through the Problem Based Learning (PBL) model. Current IPAS learning is oriented toward applicable problem-solving approaches. The low analytical skills at SDN Bangetayu Kulon were reflected in the pre-cycle classical completeness of only 28.57%, with a mean score of 64.29. The study employed the Kemmis and McTaggart spiral design across two cycles consisting of planning, acting, observing, and reflecting, involving 28 students, including 14 male and 14 female students. The instruments consisted of a Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) written test at the C4 analytical level, teacher and student activity observation sheets, and documentation. The findings indicated a gradual improvement: the class mean score increased from 64.29 in the pre-cycle to 74.64 in Cycle I and 90.36 in Cycle II. Classical completeness increased from 28.57% to 60.71% and 89.28%, exceeding the 85% success indicator. Student activity also increased from 53.21% in Cycle I to 91.79% in Cycle II. The implementation of PBL supported by contextual problems, scaffolding, guiding questions, and structured group roles effectively improved student engagement and analytical skills.

این پژوهش اقدام‌پژوهی کلاسی با هدف ارتقاء مهارت‌های تحلیلی دانش‌آموزان پایه پنجم در درس علوم طبیعی و اجتماعی (IPAS) از طریق مدل یادگیری مبتنی بر مسئله (PBL) انجام شد. آموزش فعلی IPAS بر رویکردهای حل مسئله کاربردی متمرکز است. مهارت‌های تحلیلی پایین در دبستان SDN Bangetayu Kulon در پیش‌آزمون با کفایت کلاسیک تنها ۲۸٫۵۷٪ و میانگین نمره ۶۴٫۲۹ منعکس شد. این مطالعه با استفاده از طرح مارپیچی Kemmis و McTaggart در دو چرخه شامل برنامه‌ریزی، اجرا، مشاهده و تأمل، با مشارکت ۲۸ دانش‌آموز (۱۴ پسر و ۱۴ دختر) انجام شد. ابزارها شامل آزمون کتبی Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) در سطح تحلیلی C4، برگه‌های مشاهده فعالیت معلم و دانش‌آموز و مستندسازی بودند. یافته‌ها نشان دادند که بهبود تدریجی حاصل شد: میانگین نمره کلاس از ۶۴٫۲۹ در پیش‌آزمون به ۷۴٫۶۴ در چرخه اول و ۹۰٫۳۶ در چرخه دوم افزایش یافت. کفایت کلاسیک از ۲۸٫۵۷٪ به ۶۰٫۷۱٪ و ۸۹٫۲۸٪ رسید و از شاخص موفقیت ۸۵٪ فراتر رفت. فعالیت دانش‌آموزان نیز از ۵۳٫۲۱٪ در چرخه اول به ۹۱٫۷۹٪ در چرخه دوم افزایش یافت. اجرای مدل PBL با پشتیبانی مسائل زمینه‌ای، اسکفولدینگ، پرسش‌های راهنما و نقش‌های گروهی ساختاریافته به طور مؤثری موجب بهبود مشارکت و مهارت‌های تحلیلی دانش‌آموزان شد.

This paper shares new empirical data from focus groups with 18 student participants identified as under-represented within placement programmes including students who are female, students with disabilities, ethnically-minoritised students and students from communities with traditionally low levels of participation in higher education, as a proxy for social and economic disadvantage. Co-designed and co-delivered by a team of staff and postgraduate student co-researchers with understanding of traditionally marginalised groups, focus groups explored the lived experiences and perceptions of barriers to participation in placement programmes and student solutions for widening participation, with the aim of improving degree outcomes and narrowing awarding gaps. The paper first reviews recent research on placement participation and describes the study’s methodological approach. Next, key findings are set out, highlighting three overlapping themes concerning informational, practical and psychological barriers and solutions. The paper concludes with practical recommendations to enhance placement support and communications, staff training and employer awareness.

این مقاله داده‌های تجربی جدیدی را از گروه‌های متمرکز با ۱۸ دانشجوی شرکت‌کننده که به‌عنوان افراد کم‌نماینده در برنامه‌های کارآموزی شناسایی شده‌اند، از جمله دانشجویان زن، دانشجویان دارای معلولیت، دانشجویان اقلیت‌های قومی و دانشجویان جوامعی با سطوح سنتی پایین مشارکت در آموزش عالی (به‌عنوان شاخصی برای محرومیت اجتماعی و اقتصادی)، ارائه می‌دهد. این گروه‌های متمرکز که به‌صورت مشترک توسط تیمی متشکل از اعضای هیئت علمی و پژوهشگران دانشجوی تحصیلات تکمیلی با درک از گروه‌های به‌حاشیه‌رانده‌شده طراحی و اجرا شده‌اند، به بررسی تجارب زیسته و ادراک موانع مشارکت در برنامه‌های کارآموزی و راه‌حل‌های دانشجویی برای گسترش مشارکت پرداخته‌اند، با هدف بهبود نتایج تحصیلی و کاهش شکاف‌های اعطای مدرک. مقاله ابتدا پژوهش‌های اخیر درباره مشارکت در کارآموزی را مرور و رویکرد روش‌شناختی مطالعه را توصیف می‌کند. سپس یافته‌های کلیدی با تأکید بر سه مضمون همپوشان درباره موانع و راه‌حل‌های اطلاعاتی، عملی و روان‌شناختی ارائه می‌شود. مقاله با توصیه‌های عملی برای ارتقای حمایت و ارتباطات مربوط به کارآموزی، آموزش کارکنان و افزایش آگاهی کارفرمایان به پایان می‌رسد.

As women's participation in higher education is increasing, their representation in leadership positions is still limited, especially in Indonesia. This study examines how educational design, including classroom pedagogy, co-curricular engagement, and experiential learning, can shape female students' leadership aspirations. This qualitative study is based on Social Cognitive Career Theory and Transformational Learning Theory. The analysis applied a systematic thematic coding procedure, supported by code-frequency mapping, theme co-occurrence analysis, and researcher triangulation, in order to strengthen the transparency and rigor of the analysis. The findings show that gender-inclusive learning climates, active learning methods such as discussions and presentations, and micro-leadership roles within group assignments can improve leadership self-efficacy and identity formation. Co-curricular and experiential learning opportunities can serve as mastery experiences, which can strengthen confidence and relational leadership skills. However, cultural expectations and family norms still influence how women translate their educational experiences into leadership ambitions. This study highlights the role of higher education and also digital and interactive learning environments as spaces that can support inclusive leadership development in non-Western contexts.

با وجود افزایش مشارکت زنان در آموزش عالی، نمایندگی آنان در موقعیت‌های رهبری همچنان محدود است، به‌ویژه در اندونزی. این پژوهش بررسی می‌کند که چگونه طراحی آموزشی، از جمله روش‌های تدریس در کلاس، مشارکت‌های فوق‌برنامه و یادگیری تجربی، می‌تواند آرمان‌های رهبری دانشجویان زن را شکل دهد. این مطالعه کیفی مبتنی بر نظریه شناختی-اجتماعی مسیر شغلی و نظریه یادگیری تحول‌آفرین است. تحلیل داده‌ها با استفاده از رویه کدگذاری نظام‌مند تماتیک، نقشه‌برداری فراوانی کدها، تحلیل هم‌رخدادی تم‌ها و مثلث‌سازی پژوهشگران انجام شده است تا شفافیت و دقت تحلیل تقویت شود. یافته‌ها نشان می‌دهد که فضای یادگیری جنسیت‌پذیر، روش‌های یادگیری فعال مانند بحث و ارائه، و نقش‌های خردرهبری در تکالیف گروهی می‌تواند خودکارآمدی رهبری و شکل‌گیری هویت را بهبود بخشد. فرصت‌های یادگیری فوق‌برنامه و تجربی می‌تواند به‌عنوان تجارب تسلط‌یابنده عمل کند که اعتمادبه‌نفس و مهارت‌های رهبری ارتباطی را تقویت می‌کند. با این حال، انتظارات فرهنگی و هنجارهای خانوادگی همچنان بر نحوه ترجمه تجارب آموزشی زنان به آرمان‌های رهبری تأثیرگذار است. این پژوهش نقش آموزش عالی و همچنین محیط‌های یادگیری دیجیتال و تعاملی را به‌عنوان فضاهایی که می‌توانند از توسعه رهبری فراگیر در زمینه‌های غیرغربی حمایت کنند، برجسته می‌کند.