Literacy

In the rapidly changing global environment, universities must equip graduates with both disciplinary knowledge and essential 21st-century skills. This study explores recent graduates’ perceptions of curriculum skills alignment in the departments of Sociology, Psychology, and Education at public sector universities in Pakistan. Using a quantitative survey design, data were collected from 150 graduates through simple random sampling using the Curriculum–Skills Alignment Perception Scale (CSAPS), comprising 20 items across five competencies: critical thinking, communication, digital literacy, teamwork, and problem-solving. The findings reveal a moderate level of alignment between undergraduate curricula and workplace skill requirements. Communication skills were rated highest, indicating stronger curriculum support, whereas digital literacy and problem-solving showed comparatively weaker alignment. The study highlights the need for curriculum reforms that incorporate practical learning, digital competencies, critical thinking, and problem-solving activities. These findings offer valuable insights for curriculum developers, university administrators, policymakers, and the Higher Education Commission of Pakistan to enhance graduate employability and modernize higher education. Keywords: curriculum alignment, 21st-century skills, graduate perceptions, higher education, public universities, social sciences, digital literacy, critical thinking, communication skills, Pakistan.

در محیط جهانی به سرعت در حال تغییر، دانشگاه‌ها باید فارغ‌التحصیلان را هم به دانش تخصصی رشته‌ای و هم به مهارت‌های ضروری قرن بیست‌ویکم مجهز کنند. این پژوهش به بررسی ادراک فارغ‌التحصیلان اخیر از هم‌راستایی مهارت‌های برنامهٔ درسی در گروه‌های جامعه‌شناسی، روان‌شناسی و علوم تربیتی دانشگاه‌های دولتی پاکستان می‌پردازد. با استفاده از طرح پژوهش کمی و روش پیمایش، داده‌ها از ۱۵۰ فارغ‌التحصیل به شیوهٔ نمونه‌گیری تصادفی ساده و با بهره‌گیری از مقیاس ادراک هم‌راستایی برنامهٔ درسی و مهارت‌ها (CSAPS) که شامل ۲۰ گویه در پنج شایستگی تفکر انتقادی، ارتباط، سواد دیجیتال، کار تیمی و حل مسئله است، گردآوری شد. یافته‌ها نشان‌دهندهٔ سطح متوسطی از هم‌راستایی میان برنامه‌های درسی کارشناسی و الزامات مهارتی بازار کار هستند. مهارت‌های ارتباطی بالاترین امتیاز را کسب کردند که نشان‌دهندهٔ حمایت قوی‌تر برنامهٔ درسی از این مهارت است، در حالی که سواد دیجیتال و حل مسئله هم‌راستایی ضعیف‌تری را نشان دادند. این پژوهش بر ضرورت اصلاحات برنامهٔ درسی با تأکید بر یادگیری عملی، شایستگی‌های دیجیتال، تفکر انتقادی و فعالیت‌های حل مسئله تأکید دارد. یافته‌های حاضر بینش‌های ارزشمندی برای تدوین‌کنندگان برنامهٔ درسی، مدیران دانشگاهی، سیاست‌گذاران و کمیسیون آموزش عالی پاکستان به منظور ارتقای اشتغال‌پذیری فارغ‌التحصیلان و نوسازی آموزش عالی ارائه می‌دهد.

In the rapidly changing global environment, universities must equip graduates with both disciplinary knowledge and essential 21st-century skills. This study explores recent graduates’ perceptions of curriculum skills alignment in the departments of Sociology, Psychology, and Education at public sector universities in Pakistan. Using a quantitative survey design, data were collected from 150 graduates through simple random sampling using the Curriculum–Skills Alignment Perception Scale (CSAPS), comprising 20 items across five competencies: critical thinking, communication, digital literacy, teamwork, and problem-solving. The findings reveal a moderate level of alignment between undergraduate curricula and workplace skill requirements. Communication skills were rated highest, indicating stronger curriculum support, whereas digital literacy and problem-solving showed comparatively weaker alignment. The study highlights the need for curriculum reforms that incorporate practical learning, digital competencies, critical thinking, and problem-solving activities. These findings offer valuable insights for curriculum developers, university administrators, policymakers, and the Higher Education Commission of Pakistan to enhance graduate employability and modernize higher education. Keywords: curriculum alignment, 21st-century skills, graduate perceptions, higher education, public universities, social sciences, digital literacy, critical thinking, communication skills, Pakistan.

در محیط جهانی به سرعت در حال تغییر، دانشگاه‌ها باید فارغ‌التحصیلان را هم به دانش تخصصی رشته‌ای و هم به مهارت‌های ضروری قرن بیست‌ویکم مجهز کنند. این پژوهش به بررسی ادراک فارغ‌التحصیلان اخیر از هم‌راستایی مهارت‌های برنامهٔ درسی در گروه‌های جامعه‌شناسی، روان‌شناسی و علوم تربیتی دانشگاه‌های دولتی پاکستان می‌پردازد. با استفاده از طرح پژوهش کمی و روش پیمایش، داده‌ها از ۱۵۰ فارغ‌التحصیل به شیوهٔ نمونه‌گیری تصادفی ساده و با بهره‌گیری از مقیاس ادراک هم‌راستایی برنامهٔ درسی و مهارت‌ها (CSAPS) که شامل ۲۰ گویه در پنج شایستگی تفکر انتقادی، ارتباط، سواد دیجیتال، کار تیمی و حل مسئله است، گردآوری شد. یافته‌ها نشان‌دهندهٔ سطح متوسطی از هم‌راستایی میان برنامه‌های درسی کارشناسی و الزامات مهارتی بازار کار هستند. مهارت‌های ارتباطی بالاترین امتیاز را کسب کردند که نشان‌دهندهٔ حمایت قوی‌تر برنامهٔ درسی از این مهارت است، در حالی که سواد دیجیتال و حل مسئله هم‌راستایی ضعیف‌تری را نشان دادند. این پژوهش بر ضرورت اصلاحات برنامهٔ درسی با تأکید بر یادگیری عملی، شایستگی‌های دیجیتال، تفکر انتقادی و فعالیت‌های حل مسئله تأکید دارد. یافته‌های حاضر بینش‌های ارزشمندی برای تدوین‌کنندگان برنامهٔ درسی، مدیران دانشگاهی، سیاست‌گذاران و کمیسیون آموزش عالی پاکستان به منظور ارتقای اشتغال‌پذیری فارغ‌التحصیلان و نوسازی آموزش عالی ارائه می‌دهد.

Struggling readers are a persistent concern in Philippine elementary education, yet research has largely examined student reading outcomes rather than the professional, emotional, and instructional experiences of the teachers who support these learners in resource-constrained, multilingual classrooms. This study investigated the lived experiences of elementary English teachers in identifying and supporting struggling readers, and how they adapt their pedagogy and negotiate contextual barriers. Transcendental phenomenological design was employed. Fifteen proficient public elementary English teachers in Baguio City, Philippines, were selected through criterion purposive sampling and interviewed using semi-structured, face-to-face interviews. Transcripts were analyzed using Braun and Clarke’s six-phase thematic analysis, and trustworthiness was supported through member checking. Four themes emerged: (a) diagnostic triage through standardized literacy assessments, (b) pedagogical flexibility and differentiated scaffolded instruction, (c) ecosystemic collaboration via remedial and peer networks, and (d) socio-contextual barriers, including parental illiteracy and resource constraints. The findings suggest that Vygotskian scaffolding must be extended to account for ecological and linguistic barriers in post-colonial multilingual classrooms, because its effectiveness is bounded by the educational and socioeconomic capital of the home. Implications for teacher professional development, curriculum localization, language-in-education policy, and parental partnership are discussed.

Purpose: This study aimed to identify the factors affecting a curriculum based on citizenship legal literacy education in order to improve the quality of civic education in Iran’s educational system. Methods and Materials: This applied and developmental study was conducted using an exploratory sequential mixed-methods design. In the qualitative phase, the statistical population included experts in education, curriculum planning, social sciences, and citizenship rights. Participants were selected through purposive and snowball sampling. Data were collected through 15 semi-structured interviews, which continued until theoretical saturation was achieved. The qualitative data were analyzed using MaxQDA software through open, axial, and selective coding. The extracted themes were then organized to develop a conceptual structure for a curriculum based on citizenship legal literacy education. Findings: The inferential findings supported a multidimensional structure for citizenship legal literacy education. The analysis indicated that five key components formed the core of the proposed curriculum model: citizenship rights education, values and beliefs, practical empowerment, development of social interaction, and media and digital literacy education. These components represented interrelated knowledge-based, attitudinal, behavioral, and social indicators. The findings showed that emphasis on citizens’ rights and responsibilities, justice-oriented attitudes, dialogue skills, social participation, legal awareness, responsible media use, and digital literacy plays a decisive role in designing an effective curriculum for educating law-abiding and participatory citizens. Conclusion: The results suggest that citizenship legal literacy education in Iran requires a shift from the mere transmission of theoretical concepts toward a competency-based, participatory, and practice-oriented curriculum. Such a curriculum can contribute to strengthening civic awareness, promoting legal responsibility, enhancing social participation, supporting educational justice, and preparing students for active and responsible citizenship in contemporary society.

هدف: این پژوهش با هدف شناسایی عوامل مؤثر بر برنامهٔ درسی مبتنی بر آموزش سواد حقوقی شهروندی به منظور ارتقاء کیفیت آموزش شهروندی در نظام آموزشی ایران انجام شده‌است. روش‌ها و مواد: این مطالعهٔ کاربردی و توسعه‌ای با استفاده از طرح آمیختهٔ اکتشافی-توالی انجام شد. در مرحلهٔ کیفی، جامعهٔ آماری شامل خبرگان حوزه‌های آموزش، برنامه‌ریزی درسی، علوم اجتماعی و حقوق شهروندی بود. مشارکت‌کنندگان به روش نمونه‌گیری هدفمند و گلوله‌برفی انتخاب شدند. داده‌ها از طریق ۱۵ مصاحبهٔ نیمه‌ساختاریافته گردآوری شد که تا رسیدن به اشباع نظری ادامه یافت. داده‌های کیفی با استفاده از نرم‌افزار MaxQDA و از طریق کدگذاری باز، محوری و انتخابی تحلیل گردید. مضامین استخراج‌شده برای تدوین ساختار مفهومی برنامهٔ درسی مبتنی بر آموزش سواد حقوقی شهروندی سازمان‌دهی شدند. یافته‌ها: یافته‌های استنباطی، ساختاری چندبعدی برای آموزش سواد حقوقی شهروندی را تأیید کردند. تحلیل‌ها نشان داد که پنج مؤلفهٔ کلیدی هستهٔ مدل پیشنهادی برنامهٔ درسی را تشکیل می‌دهند: آموزش حقوق شهروندی، ارزش‌ها و باورها، توانمندسازی عملی، توسعهٔ تعاملات اجتماعی و آموزش سواد رسانه‌ای و دیجیتال. این مؤلفه‌ها نمایانگر شاخص‌های دانشی، نگرشی، رفتاری و اجتماعی مرتبط با یکدیگر هستند. یافته‌ها نشان داد که تأکید بر حقوق و مسئولیت‌های شهروندان، نگرش عدالت‌محور، مهارت‌های گفت‌وگو، مشارکت اجتماعی، آگاهی حقوقی، استفادهٔ مسئولانه از رسانه و سواد دیجیتال نقش تعیین‌کننده‌ای در طراحی برنامهٔ درسی مؤثر برای تربیت شهروندان قانون‌مدار و مشارکت‌جو ایفا می‌کند. نتیجه‌گیری: نتایج حاکی از آن است که آموزش سواد حقوقی شهروندی در ایران نیازمند گذار از انتقال صرف مفاهیم نظری به سوی برنامهٔ درسی مبتنی بر شایستگی، مشارکتی و عمل‌محور است. چنین برنامه‌ای می‌تواند به تقویت آگاهی شهروندی، ارتقاء مسئولیت‌پذیری حقوقی، افزایش مشارکت اجتماعی، حمایت از عدالت آموزشی و آماده‌سازی دانش‌آموزان برای شهروندی فعال و مسئولانه در جامعهٔ معاصر کمک کند.

The objective of this community service initiative is to assist parents and teachers in fostering a "Qur’anic generation" that is ASIK, a generation not only proficient in reciting the holy Qur’an but also skilled in language and logical reasoningthereby enhancing the quality of education in Pangkalpinang City. Based on observations and interviews conducted at the Baitul Ma’ruf Quran Education Center (TPA) in Pangkalpinang, several issues have been identified at the TKA/TPA, specifically concerning the quality of services and comfort, education, health, and social aspects. Students also need to develop an awareness of the importance of becoming critical and innovative individuals, so that they do not fall behind as the flow of information continues to accelerate. This community service initiative was carried out in three stages: preparation, implementation, and evaluation. The activities focused on four key aspects: the installation of an organizational structure board and signage for the TKA/TPA to address quality; literacy and numeracy programs (Smart) and religious outreach (Active) to support education; the preparation of traditional Bangka cuisine (Innovative) to promote health; and social outreach sessions (Critical) to foster social engagement among the participants. The activity was attended by 40 students from the Baitul Ma’ruf TKA/TPA (Islamic kindergarten/elementary Quran education center). The participant satisfaction evaluation yielded an average score of 89.28, falling into the "very satisfied" category. The improvement in participants' numeracy literacy skills is evidenced by the results of numeracy literacy assessments: the average score at the beginning of the program was 46.46, which increased to 73.73 following the numeracy literacy learning activities. The outcomes of the activity also included an improved understanding among participants regarding how to deliver a lecture, how to create calligraphy, and how to select natural ingredients native to the Bangka region that can be used to prepare local delicacies with health benefits

The professional reintegration of veterans is a major challenge for Ukraine’s post-war recovery and requires vocational education aligned with labour market needs. The tourism and hospitality industry offers employment opportunities, but transition to civilian work requires sector-specific knowledge, digital competence, communication, teamwork, decision-making and adaptability. The study aims to develop and theoretically substantiate a conceptual model for integrating interactive digital learning technologies into veterans’ vocational education for employment in the tourism and hospitality industry. The methodology combines secondary analysis of a sociological survey conducted by the Ukrainian Veterans Fund and the Rating Sociological Group in December 2025 among 240 respondents, competency mapping and a systematic literature review. The analysis identified transferable military competencies, including discipline, teamwork under pressure, logistical planning and decision-making in dynamic situations. It also revealed gaps in customer orientation, digital literacy and personalised service. The proposed model links veterans’ competencies and educational needs with labour market requirements through interactive technologies, including problem-based, case-based, simulation-based and scenario-based learning, microlearning, the flipped classroom, Learning Management Systems, Virtual Reality, Augmented Reality and Geographic Information Systems. The model provides a framework for translating military experience into civilian professional competencies and supports vocational programmes for veterans seeking employment in the tourism and hospitality industry. Its application may strengthen employability, facilitate social reintegration and contribute to Ukraine’s post-war recovery. Further research should validate the model through implementation and evaluation.

Developing students’ economic competence and creativity is essential to preparing them for economic challenges and changing societal demands. However, school entrepreneurship programs do not necessarily develop economic understanding and creativity equally, making evaluation of their implementation and learning outcomes necessary. This study aims to analyze the implementation, supporting and inhibiting factors, and effectiveness of an entrepreneurship-based school program in developing students’ economic competence and creativity at SMP Negeri 2 Tuhemberua. A qualitative descriptive approach was employed. Data were collected through interviews, documentation, and observations involving the school principal, supervising teacher, and five participating students. Data were analyzed through data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing, with credibility examined through source and method triangulation. The findings indicate that the Cultivation and MSME Business Project supports students’ understanding of production, capital, costs, sales, and profit while encouraging product innovation, problem-solving, responsibility, and cooperation. Nevertheless, program effectiveness remains limited by insufficient time, inadequate facilities, difficulties in financial recordkeeping, and restricted marketing reach. Therefore, the program is effective as a practical learning experience but requires stronger structured reflection, financial literacy activities, and continuous evaluation to improve students’ economic competence and creativity. ABSTRAK Pengembangan kompetensi ekonomi dan kreativitas siswa penting untuk mempersiapkan mereka menghadapi tantangan ekonomi dan perubahan zaman. Namun, pelaksanaan program kewirausahaan di sekolah belum tentu menghasilkan penguasaan konsep ekonomi dan kreativitas secara seimbang sehingga perlu dievaluasi berdasarkan proses dan capaian pembelajarannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pelaksanaan, faktor pendukung dan penghambat, serta efektivitas program sekolah berbasis kewirausahaan dalam mengembangkan kompetensi ekonomi dan kreativitas siswa SMP Negeri 2 Tuhemberua. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode deskriptif. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara, dokumentasi, dan pengamatan terhadap kepala sekolah, guru pembimbing, serta lima siswa peserta program. Analisis data dilakukan melalui reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan, dengan keabsahan diperiksa melalui triangulasi sumber dan teknik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa program Proyek Budidaya dan Usaha UMKM mendukung pemahaman siswa tentang produksi, modal, biaya, penjualan, dan keuntungan, sekaligus mendorong inovasi produk, pemecahan masalah, tanggung jawab, dan kerja sama. Efektivitas program belum optimal karena keterbatasan waktu, sarana, pencatatan keuangan, dan jangkauan pemasaran. Dengan demikian, program efektif sebagai pengalaman belajar praktis, tetapi memerlukan penguatan refleksi, literasi keuangan, dan evaluasi berkelanjutan.

The landscape of foreign language education, particularly Arabic language instruction, is currently undergoing a fundamental transformation driven by the emergence of Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) and Large Language Models (LLMs). This Systematic Literature Review evaluates recent developments in the integration of GenAI into the Arabic language learning ecosystem, encompassing trends in the evolution of language models, pedagogical effectiveness, the utilization of automated assessment systems, as well as the linguistic and cultural challenges involved. Through a thematic synthesis of empirical and theoretical literature published between 2019 and 2026, this review confirms that GenAI significantly enhances learner engagement, instructional personalization, and language skill acquisition, particularly in vocabulary mastery and reading comprehension. These improvements are driven by the adoption of general-purpose models such as ChatGPT, as well as leading Arabic-centric models such as JAIS and ALLaM. Nevertheless, this innovative integration encounters the inherent structural complexity of the Arabic language. Generative models frequently experience technical limitations in handling syntactic rules (nahwu), morphology (shorof), diacritic disambiguation, and regional dialect variations, as evidenced by performance gaps in linguistic benchmarks such as AraLingBench and AlGhafa. Furthermore, this review discusses rapid advances in trait-based Automated Essay Scoring (AES) supported by precise prompt engineering. Based on these findings, the study concludes that although GenAI has significant potential to bring positive disruption, its successful implementation depends heavily on pedagogical readiness, digital literacy, the application of Human-in-the-Loop (HITL) collaboration, and the development of ethical frameworks aligned with the epistemology of Islamic higher education.

Islamic civilization is one of the major civilizations that has significantly contributed to the development of science and education worldwide. During its golden age, it established educational institutions, fostered scholarly traditions, and produced influential scholars whose ideas continue to shape modern knowledge in the digital era. This article examines the relevance of Islamic civilizational values to the development of modern education through qualitative library research using thematic content analysis. The findings show that Islamic education was distinguished by four interrelated values, namely a strong culture of literacy, the integration of religious and general knowledge, an emphasis on moral formation (akhlak), and openness to knowledge from other civilizations, which together enabled scholars to advance science while upholding ethical and social responsibility. These values are highly relevant to addressing contemporary educational challenges, including declining critical literacy, uncritical dependence on digital technology and artificial intelligence, and the ongoing crisis of learners’ character. These values can inform the development of a modern educational system that integrates critical thinking, digital literacy, character education, and lifelong learning while maintaining moral and social responsibility.

Academic writing development in open and distance learning (ODL) environments remains challenging because students must independently regulate complex writing processes while receiving limited opportunities for continuous interaction and feedback. Existing digital learning platforms often emphasize assignment submission rather than supporting writing development as an iterative process involving planning, feedback utilization, reflection, and revision. This study aimed to develop and evaluate SIM-Aril as an online portfolio-based self-regulated feedback platform for supporting academic writing development in an ODL context. This study employed a Research and Development (R&D) design involving needs analysis, platform development, validation, implementation, and evaluation. Data were collected from 122 students and 38 tutors through self-regulated writing questionnaires, tutor competency questionnaires, expert evaluation, and qualitative responses. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, reliability analysis, correlation analysis, regression analysis, and exploratory factor analysis, while qualitative data were analyzed thematically. The findings demonstrate that SIM-Aril supported academic writing development through the integration of digital portfolio assessment, tutor scaffolding, and student self-regulated writing processes. Students demonstrated strong engagement in revision, feedback utilization, metacognitive monitoring, and other writing regulation activities. Tutor evaluation indicated that academic writing supervision represented an important component supporting SIM-Aril implementation. The integrated findings show that SIM-Aril functions not merely as a digital submission platform but as a self-regulated feedback ecosystem that connects learner autonomy, instructional support, and formative feedback. This study contributes theoretically by extending digital assessment research through a model that integrates individual self-regulation, socially shared regulation, and feedback literacy within technology-supported academic writing environments. Practically, the findings suggest that effective digital assessment in ODL should be designed to support learning processes rather than only evaluate final outcomes.

Foundational literacy is central to participation and subsequent learning, yet the instructional routes through which beginning readers encounter print are not equally accessible to all learners. In Tanzania, renewed attention to systematic phonics and early-grade reading has increased the relevance of decodable texts: texts designed to give learners opportunities to apply previously taught grapheme–phoneme correspondences. Their instructional value, however, cannot be assessed only in terms of the linguistic structure of the text. Classroom activities, teacher directions, response requirements, assessment procedures, and available formats can either widen or restrict access. This scoping review maps literature and policy- and curriculum-related evidence concerning decodable or phonics-oriented early reading in Tanzanian primary education and examines the extent to which the evidence engages with accessibility, learner variability, and Universal Design for Learning (UDL). The review follows PRISMA-ScR and considers literature published between 2014 and 2026. The synthesis indicates a plausible pedagogical alignment between controlled text and the development of decoding, while also revealing a major gap in directly tested evidence on inclusive adaptations of decodable materials in Tanzania. Across the mapped literature, accessibility is more often treated as an implementation concern than as a design principle embedded in reading materials from the outset. The review therefore advances the concept of inclusive decodable-text pedagogy, in which systematic phonics is retained while unnecessary sensory, motor, speech, and communication barriers are reduced through multiple means of representation, action and expression, and engagement. Implications are developed for curriculum design, teacher education, classroom practice, formative assessment, and future research. The central conclusion is that decodability and accessibility should be treated as complementary properties: a text may be linguistically decodable yet still be instructionally inaccessible if participation depends on a single route that is unrelated to the intended literacy skill.

The transition from secondary school to higher education is a critical period that shapes students' academic engagement, social integration, and persistence. Despite increased access to higher education in South Africa, many first-year students enter university with expectations that differ substantially from their subsequent experiences, creating adjustment challenges. Guided by Tinto's Theory of Student Integration and Educational Transition Theory, this study explored first-year students' expectations. It examined how students perceived and experienced mismatches between these expectations and the realities of university life. The study adopted an interpretivist qualitative research paradigm and an exploratory descriptive design. Data were collected through three focus group discussions with 21 purposively selected first-year students at a comprehensive university in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. They were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. The findings revealed an expectation–reality mismatch in three areas: social integration and peer relationships, course selection and academic guidance, and academic workload alongside self-directed learning demands. Participants who identified as first-generation students described experiencing additional transition difficulties, which they associated with limited social and cultural capital, inadequate career guidance, and low digital literacy. Participants also associated persistent socioeconomic inequality with these difficulties. The study concludes that expectation–reality mismatch is a psychologically meaningful mechanism through which structural inequality translates into experiences of uncertainty, diminished belonging, and academic disengagement during the first year. Strengthened orientation, mentoring, academic advising, and digital literacy support are recommended to improve student adjustment, engagement, and retention.

Although knowledge and stigma about suicide are important factors in suicide prevention, there are no validated instruments available in Hungary. Our goal was to validate the Literacy of Suicide Scale—Short Form (LOSS-SF) and the Stigma of Suicide Scale—Short Form (SOSS-SF) in Hungarian. An anonymous online survey was administered to a self-selected online convenience sample of 954 participants of 38.0 years (SD: 14.8) of age. Our study used a descriptive, correlational, cross-sectional design. Confirmatory factor analysis results indicate a good model fit for a three-factor structure of the SOSS-SF scale. Invariance testing revealed that the scale is valid across gender, age and former suicide ideation. LOSS-SF had an acceptable unidimensional model fit as a two-parameter logistic (2PL) IRT (Item Response Theory) based survey, and results showed good infit–outfit with appropriate item discrimination and difficulty measures. The results show that the two instruments show sound psychometric properties and construct validity within this sample. While the Hungarian versions of the SOSS-SF and the LOSS-SF provide useful tools for assessing suicide stigma and suicide literacy in research settings, further validation on nationally representative samples may be required in case population-level norms are needed to inform national policy-makers.

Abstract Online education in Japanese universities expanded rapidly during the COVID-19 pandemic, exposing both the genuine value of flexible learning formats and the structural conditions required to make them effective. While students consistently appreciated the temporal and spatial autonomy of online study, research has identified persistent challenges including isolation, physical and psychological fatigue, assignment overload, declining motivation, and inequities in digital access and ICT literacy. This paper presents a narrative synthesis of recent empirical studies on online learning in Japanese higher education, arguing that student success is associated with the coordinated integration of three interdependent dimensions. Drawing on national surveys, institutional reports, and case-based research, the paper proposes the Flexibility–Structure–Support (FSS) Model, in which flexibility without adequate pedagogical structure may increase the risk of disengagement, while structure without sufficient institutional support may contribute to uneven and inequitable learning experiences. Effective instructional design—integrating active learning, motivating assignments, meaningful feedback, and blended formats—must be accompanied by investment in infrastructure, systematic faculty development, and explicit support for student self-regulated learning. Implications for course design, program coordination, and institutional policy are discussed, along with limitations and directions for future research.

Teacher assessment literacy has received increasing attention, yet evidence remains fragmented across studies. This systematic review and meta-analysis synthesized 18 studies comprising 21 independent samples using the ALI, CALI, and TALQ instruments. The pooled mean score was 16.48 (95% CI [14.86, 18.10]) on a 35-point scale, indicating low assessment literacy, with substantial between-study heterogeneity (I² = 99.21%). Publication year, geographical region, instrument type, teacher status, teaching level, and subject specialization were not significant moderators. This review provides the first quantitative benchmark of teacher assessment literacy across the ALI, CALI, and TALQ instruments and highlights the need to strengthen assessment literacy through pre-service education, continuous professional development, and context-responsive educational policies.

The advancement of digital technology and the evolving demands of the professional landscape require vocational high school (SMK) students to possess a level of work readiness that aligns with the needs of the business and industrial sectors. However, preliminary research involving students in the Office Management and Business Services (MPLB) program at SMKN 2 Tuban indicates that their work readiness is not yet optimal; this is evidenced by limitations in seeking and utilizing information, as well as a mismatch between the competencies they possess and the requirements of the workplace. This situation underscores the importance of this study, which aims to identify the factors influencing the work readiness of MPLB students at SMKN 2 Tuban. Specifically, this research analyzes the impact of digital literacy, independent learning, and the use of information technology on the work readiness of these students, both individually and collectively. The study employs a quantitative approach with an explanatory research design. The population consists of MPLB students at SMKN 2 Tuban, with a sample of 207 respondents selected via simple random sampling. Data were collected using a Likert-scale questionnaire and analyzed through multiple linear regression, t-tests, F-tests, and the coefficient of determination. The findings reveal that digital literacy, independent learning, and the use of information technology each have a positive and significant impact on work readiness. Furthermore, these three factors, digital literacy, independent learning, and the use of information technology collectively exert a positive and significant influence on work readiness. Among these, independent learning emerges as the most dominant variable, highlighting that a student's ability to manage their own learning process is a crucial aspect of fostering work readiness. An adjusted R-squared value of 0.624 indicates that the three independent variables account for 62.4% of the variation in work readiness, while the remaining 37.6% is attributed to factors outside the scope of this study. In conclusion, digital literacy, independent learning, and the use of information technology collectively have a positive and significant effect on the work readiness of MPLB students at SMKN 2 Tuban. ABSTRAK Perkembangan teknologi digital dan perubahan tuntutan dunia kerja menuntut siswa sekolah menengah kejuruan (SMK) memiliki kesiapan kerja yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan dunia usaha dan dunia industri. Namun, hasil pra penelitian pada siswa MPLB SMKN 2 Tuban menunjukkan bahwa kesiapan kerja belum optimal, yang ditandai dengan keterbatasan dalam mencari dan memanfaatkan informasi serta ketidaksesuaian antara kompetensi yang dimiliki dengan kebutuhan dunia kerja. Kondisi tersebut menjadi alasan penelitian ini penting dilakukan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kesiapan kerja siswa MPLB SMKN 2 Tuban. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh Literasi digital, kemandirian belajar, dan penggunaan teknologi informasi terhadap kesiapan kerja siswa MPLB SMKN 2 Tuban baik secara parsial maupun simultan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan desain explanatory research. Populasi penelitian adalah siswa MPLB SMKN 2 Tuban dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 207 responden yang dipilih menggunakan teknik simple random sampling. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui kuesioner dengan skala Likert. Analisis data menggunakan regresi linier berganda, uji t, uji F, dan koefisien determinasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa literasi digital berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kesiapan kerja, kemandirian belajar berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kesiapan kerja, penggunaan teknologi informasi berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kesiapan kerja. Literasi digital, kemandirian belajar, dan penggunaan teknologi informasi secara simultan berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kesiapan kerja. Kemandirian belajar merupakan variabel yang paling dominan dalam mempengaruhi kesiapan kerja. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan siswa mengelola proses belajar secara mandiri menjadi aspek penting dalam mendukung kesiapan kerja. Nilai Adjusted R sebesar 0,624 menunjukkan bahwa ketiga variabel independen mampu menjelaskan 62,4% variasi kesiapan kerja, sedangkan 37,6% dijelaskan oleh faktor lain diluar penelitian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Literasi digital, kemandirian belajar, dan penggunaan teknologi informasi secara simultan berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kesiapan kerja siswa MPLB SMKN 2 Tuban.

Background Patient education is an important component of nursing care, influencing treatment outcomes, quality of life, and healthcare costs. However, educational practices are often generalized and may not address patients’ individual needs, health literacy, or socio-cultural contexts. Individualized patient education tailors content to patients’ characteristics, goals, and capabilities, and enhances adherence, satisfaction, and clinical outcomes. Existing tools mainly focus on general aspects of patient education, such as educational quality or provider competencies, and no comprehensive patient-centered tool has been established to assess the individualized nature of patient education. This may constrain systematic assessment and improvement of individualized educational practices. Therefore, this protocol aims to conceptualize individualized patient education, develop a measurement tool, and evaluate its psychometric properties. Methods This two-phase exploratory sequential mixed-methods study will be conducted in educational hospitals affiliated with Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, northwest Iran. Phase 1 will involve hybrid concept analysis, including a literature review and directed qualitative study using semi-structured interviews with patients with chronic diseases and their family members until data saturation, followed by directed content analysis to clarify the concept, identify provisional dimensions, and generate initial items, which will be evaluated quantitatively. Phase 2 will assess the tool’s psychometric properties. Face and content validity will be evaluated using qualitative feedback and the Impact Score, Content Validity Ratio, Content Validity Index, and Modified Kappa coefficient. Construct validity will be examined using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses in SPSS v.24 and AMOS v.24, with independent samples of at least 200 participants per analysis. Reliability will be assessed using Cronbach’s alpha, McDonald’s omega, and test-retest stability. Interpretability and feasibility will also be evaluated. Discussion If the tool demonstrates adequate validity and reliability, it may provide a standardized measure for assessing individualized educational interventions and support quality improvement, patient engagement, and evidence-informed health education strategies.

Background Despite the substantial growth of research on Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) in higher education, the field remains characterized by geographic concentration, methodological constraints, and conceptual fragmentation between established competence frameworks and emerging demands such as climate literacy and green skills. No prior review has simultaneously mapped the bibliometric architecture and conducted an artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted inductive thematic synthesis of this domain. Methods A dual-method design integrated bibliometric network analysis—co-citation, bibliographic coupling, and keyword co-occurrence—with AI-assisted inductive thematic synthesis. A total of 442 peer-reviewed documents were retrieved from Scopus, Web of Science Core Collection, and ERIC (2015–2026) through systematic multi-database search, deduplication, and PICO-adapted relevance screening evaluated by a specialized multi-rater panel (Fleiss’ κ=0.55 – 0.69 , 98.4% unanimous agreement on the retained corpus). Thematic extraction was performed using two complementary large language model architectures (Qwen3-235B and DeepSeek V3.2), governed by a stringent verification protocol achieving a 92.0% alignment score; 37 hallucination flags were audited and corrected via human expert review. Results The corpus exhibits substantial and accelerated scientific expansion since 2019 ( R2=0.91 for exponential fit; compound annual growth rate of 18.4%), with Spain, the United Kingdom, and Germany accounting for over one-third of output. Five thematic clusters emerged: curriculum integration, transformative pedagogies, institutional and faculty roles, sustainability literacy and behavioral outcomes, and digital innovation. Surveys and case studies dominate research designs (37.7%), while experimental approaches represent only 4.0% of the corpus. Green skills and climate literacy remain conceptually peripheral despite their policy urgency, institutional collaboration is fragmented (20.3% of institutions isolated), and faculty populations are understudied (7.0%) relative to students (32.7%). Fifty-six knowledge gaps were identified across structural, declared, and emergent categories, with methods-by-concepts coverage reaching 64.0%. Conclusions The field would benefit from a methodological transition toward longitudinal and experimental designs, enhanced visibility of Global South scholarship (contextualizing database indexing constraints), systematic pedagogical theorization of simulation-based approaches, and deliberate cross-institutional consortia to transition from conceptual proliferation to evidence-based pedagogical science.

The massive penetration of digital transactions among adolescents presents real financial vulnerability due to low understanding of Islamic economic contracts and ethics. Conventional fiqh learning is often isolated in textual normative memorization without honing students' critical reasoning skills against contemporary realities. This study aims to comprehensively analyze the implementation of the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) model in the learning of Fiqh Muamalah and its impact on strengthening students' critical reasoning and sharia financial literacy on digital economy issues. The research design adopts a qualitative approach with a bounded system case study at SMK Darul Musyawirin Cirebon. The research participants include Fiqh Muamalah teachers, vice principals for curriculum, and grade XI students who are directly involved in the learning cycle. Data collection was carried out through semi-structured in-depth interviews, classroom participatory observations, and review of learning portfolio documentation. Data analysis was carried out cyclically through an interactive model of open coding-based data reduction, presentation of thematic matrix data, and conclusion drawing and verification that were validated through source triangulation, member check, and trail audit. The results of the study revealed that organizing learning through the stages of authentic problem orientation (such as paylater, online loans, and digital investment), legal literature investigation, intergroup discussion-rebuttal dialectic, and value reflection succeeded in transforming students' mindsets from textual-reproductive reasoning to contextual-analytic based on postulates. Students showed a surge in competence in distinguishing murabahah margins from time-based interest, identifying the elements of riba, gharar, and maisir, and compiling simple legal arguments of istinbath al-ahkam. In addition, the structural understanding was internalized into behavioral financial literacy that encourages transaction prudence and verification of sharia legality. This instructional model proves that the integration of real issues of the digital economy into the PBL syntax effectively bridges classical fiqh doctrine with modern challenges, while offering a transformative pedagogical framework for vocational Islamic education curriculum.

Inclusion is a movement that arises from the socio-historical-cultural perception of exclusion and requires strategies to mitigate or eliminate the various barriers that restrict or prevent social participation. The inclusion movement, which gained strength from the end of the 20th century, applies to different social spheres, including literature as a human experience. In this sense, this art form should be addressed in schools from childhood, ensuring both accessibility and the representation of the diversity of cultures, bodies, and subjectivities. This article aims to discuss literary literacy from an inclusive approach, reflecting on its contribution to the development of reading and citizenship. Thus, it uses a bibliographic research methodology, starting from a systematic review of the terms inclusive literature, inclusive children's literature, inclusive young adult literature and accessible literature in the main academic research databases, and then expanded, in an exploratory manner, to related topics. The study focused on understanding what characterizes inclusive literature, considering heterogeneity in theme and/or authorship, as well as access to and accessibility of the book as a cultural object. Additionally, it aimed, through the example of an accessible teaching sequence based on Indigenous literature, to show the applicability of this approach, highlighting the school's role in shaping readers who are more aware and respectful of human diversity. Consequently, the work contributes by showing that inclusive literature, from the perspective of literary literacy, enriches the reading experience by expanding student development through both the aesthetic enjoyment of the work and the formation of civic awareness.

The digital revolution has fundamentally transformed childhood experience across the globe. In Ghana, rapid mobile internet penetration, the proliferation of low-cost smartphones, and COVID-19-induced remote learning have dramatically intensified basic school children's exposure to digital screens. Emerging evidence links digital screen addiction (DSA) to significant impairments in children's psychological well-being encompassing emotional, cognitive, social, and behavioural dimensions. Yet, school management responses in Ghanaian basic schools remain underdeveloped and largely uncoordinated. This narrative literature review synthesizes global and sub-Saharan African evidence on digital screen addiction and its psychological well-being consequences among basic school children (ages 5–15), critically examines existing school management frameworks, and proposes a School-Based Digital Wellness Management Framework (SBDWMF) for Ghanaian basic schools. A narrative synthesis approach was employed. Literature was sourced from PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, PsycINFO, African Journals Online (AJOL), and grey literature from the WHO, UNESCO, UNICEF, Ghana Education Service (GES), Ghana Health Service (GHS), and the Ministry of Education. Peer-reviewed empirical studies, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and policy documents published from 2010 to 2024 were included, with a total of 72 sources forming the evidence base. DSA is prevalent among basic school-age children globally, with pooled prevalence estimates ranging from 19% to 38% depending on measurement tools and contexts. Excessive screen exposure is consistently associated with psychological distress, anxiety, depression, attentional difficulties, emotional dysregulation, impaired self-esteem, peer-relationship deficits, and poor academic well-being. In Ghana, contextual risk amplifiers, including parental digital literacy gaps, absent school mental health services, post-COVID normalization of extended screen use, and fragmented policy, compound the psychological burden. School management frameworks in Ghanaian basic schools are largely inadequate to address DSA, with critical deficits in policy, counselling capacity, teacher training, and parental engagement. DSA poses a mounting psychological well-being challenge for Ghanaian basic school children, demanding an urgent, evidence-informed school management response. The proposed six-pillar SBDWMF offers a practical governance architecture for Ghanaian basic school heads, district education officers, and national policymakers to address DSA comprehensively within the school setting.

Early literacy and numeracy assessment can help Kindergarten teachers identify learning needs and review classroom instruction. This study described changes in assessment scores following nine instructional sessions aligned with the MATATAG Curriculum at Ligao West Central Elementary School–Binatagan, Philippines, during School Year 2025–2026. A quantitative action research approach used a single group assessed before and after instruction. The reported participants were 208 learners from five Kindergarten sections, included through total enumeration. Researcher developed instruments assessed letter recognition, initial sound awareness, vocabulary recognition, number recognition, counting, and quantity comparison. The same instruments were administered at both assessment points. Reported numeracy means increased from 18.84 (SD = 4.56) to 28.47 (SD = 3.89), a difference of 9.63 points. Literacy means were reported as 21.36 (SD = 4.18) and 30.92 (SD = 3.74), but the latter exceeds the instrument’s stated maximum of 30 points and requires reconciliation before interpretation. Although the original study proposed paired samples testing, no completed test statistics or paired learner records were available for verification. Accordingly, the findings are presented descriptively, without claims of statistical significance or curriculum effectiveness. The numeracy pattern warrants further examination, while the literacy result remains unresolved. Repeated testing, development, classroom differences, and the absence of a comparison group limit attribution of change to instruction. The study highlights the need for accurate scoring, documented assessment procedures, and continued monitoring of foundational skills. Verified learner records and a stronger evaluation design are needed before drawing conclusions about learning gains associated with MATATAG implementation in this school.

The rapid proliferation of generative artificial intelligence in educational contexts has transformed how students encounter academic content, yet a fundamental question remains underexamined: Do English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners possess the critical literacy competencies needed to evaluate AI-generated texts? This study investigated whether students in Morocco’s Classes Préparatoires aux Grandes Écoles (CPGE)—one of the nation’s most academically selective post-secondary programs—demonstrate readiness for AI-era literacy demands. We developed a diagnostic assessment instrument, the Critical Reading Diagnostic Assessment (CRDA), designed to mirror common characteristics of AI-generated academic content: a confident, authoritative tone, a logical structure with subtle gaps, claims requiring verification, and culturally embedded assumptions. Thirty first-year CPGE students (M age = 18.6 years) evaluated argumentative passages across five critical dimensions: argument identification, evidence evaluation, assumption recognition, multi-source synthesis, and source criticism. Metacognitive self-assessment data were also collected. Results revealed systematic evaluation failures across all dimensions, with mean accuracy rates of only 18–39% and large effect sizes confirming substantial deficits (d = 1.11–2.25). Metacognitive analysis showed that students overestimated their abilities by 11–38 percentage points across all dimensions, indicating profound self-assessment inaccuracies.

The advancement of digital technology has led to increased use of the internet and social media, particularly among adolescents. However, this development has also contributed to various challenges, one of which is cyberbullying. A low level of digital literacy knowledge may influence how students communicate and behave in digital environments. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between the level of digital literacy knowledge and cyberbullying behavior among high school students. This study employed a quantitative approach with a cross-sectional design. A total of 99 students were selected as research participants using a total sampling technique. Data were collected using a questionnaire, while the relationship between the variables was analyzed using the Chi-Square test. The results showed that the majority of respondents had a high level of digital literacy knowledge (59.6%), while the majority demonstrated a low level of cyberbullying behavior (57.6%). Statistical analysis revealed a significant relationship between the level of digital literacy knowledge and cyberbullying behavior (p-value = 0.001). Thus, the better the students' level of digital literacy knowledge, the lower their tendency to engage in cyberbullying behavior. Therefore, strengthening education and understanding of digital literacy should be enhanced as a preventive strategy to reduce the occurrence of cyberbullying in school environments.

This community service activity reports the implementation of a token economy technique to support attention during English-language learning at LKP Endemic, Warungjayeng, Nganjuk. The activity used a classroom-action-oriented plan–act–observe–reflect framework involving 12 learners. Attention was operationalized through 20 observable indicators grouped into seven dimensions: attention orientation, sustained attention, task engagement, response to instruction, active participation, distraction control, and self-regulation. The intervention combined immediate token delivery, behavior-specific verbal praise, token recording, exchange opportunities, and gradual fading. Descriptive results showed a group mean of 43.92/80 at pre-intervention, 56.08/80 in Cycle I, and 67.75/80 in Cycle II. The absolute increase from baseline to Cycle II was 23.83 points, corresponding to a relative increase of approximately 54.26% from baseline. The largest descriptive improvements were observed in response to instruction, active participation, distraction control, and self-regulation. Cycle I reflection identified the need for more consistent timing of token delivery, more explicit behavior-specific praise, and reduced dependence on external rewards; these changes informed Cycle II through selective token delivery and gradual fading. Because the activity involved a small group without a comparison condition, the findings should be interpreted as descriptive evidence of local implementation rather than as a causal estimate of effectiveness. The findings provide a practical framework for integrating behavioral reinforcement with English-learning activities in a non-formal learning setting.

The digitization of hadith texts has become an important issue in Islamic boarding school education because it changes access to, learning of, and transmission of religious knowledge traditionally grounded in teacher guidance and the sanad tradition. This study aims to analyze the opportunities, challenges, and impacts of hadith text digitization on traditional scholarly authority in pesantren across Indonesia and dayah in Aceh. The study employs a library research method involving the analysis of 14 scholarly journal articles relevant to hadith text digitization, pesantren learning, knowledge transmission, and religious authority. The articles were prioritized from publications between 2021 and 2026 based on topical relevance and source credibility. Data were analyzed qualitatively through content analysis and thematic synthesis. The findings indicate that digitization broadens access to hadith literature, facilitates hadith searching and takhrij, and supports students’ independent learning. The identified challenges include digital source validity, superficial understanding of hadith, changes in knowledge transmission, and the emergence of new religious authorities. Digitization does not eliminate teachers’ roles but encourages the development of hybrid scholarly authority. Therefore, technology integration needs to be accompanied by stronger digital literacy, source verification, hadith methodology, and guidance from teachers and teungku. ABSTRAK Digitalisasi kitab hadis menjadi isu penting dalam pendidikan pesantren karena mengubah pola akses, pembelajaran, dan transmisi pengetahuan keagamaan yang selama ini bertumpu pada bimbingan guru dan tradisi sanad. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis peluang, tantangan, serta dampak digitalisasi kitab hadis terhadap otoritas keilmuan tradisional pada pesantren di Indonesia dan dayah di Aceh. Penelitian menggunakan metode kepustakaan (library research) dengan menganalisis 14 artikel jurnal ilmiah yang relevan dengan digitalisasi kitab hadis, pembelajaran pesantren, transmisi pengetahuan, dan otoritas keagamaan. Artikel diprioritaskan dari publikasi tahun 2021–2026 dengan mempertimbangkan relevansi topik dan kredibilitas sumber. Data dianalisis secara kualitatif melalui analisis isi (content analysis) dan sintesis tematik. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa digitalisasi memperluas akses terhadap literatur hadis, mempercepat penelusuran dan takhrij, serta mendukung kemandirian belajar santri. Tantangan yang ditemukan meliputi validitas sumber digital, risiko pemahaman hadis yang dangkal, perubahan pola transmisi ilmu, dan munculnya otoritas keagamaan baru. Digitalisasi tidak menghilangkan peran guru, tetapi mendorong terbentuknya otoritas keilmuan hibrida. Oleh karena itu, pemanfaatan teknologi perlu disertai penguatan literasi digital, verifikasi sumber, metodologi hadis, dan bimbingan guru serta teungku.

Parental education is one of the most visible predictors of children's socio-emotional and academic trajectories, though its influence on their school adjustment and mathematical reasoning is rarely examined together. This review is intended to synthesize theoretical and empirical literature about how parental education level influences adaptation of children at school and their mathematical thinking. There are several pathways through which parental education influences their children's academic behaviour, home environment stimulation for mathematical tasks, and educational expectations. Literature evidence shows that higher parental education is associated with richer home numeracy and literacy environments. More homework involvement, and smooth behavioural and emotional adjustment to school are also positively correlated to higher parental education, whereas lower parental education is associated with socioeconomic disadvantage and lack of access to resources for their children both at home and school. The review is particularly focussed in Indian context covering the National Education Policy 2020 and its emphasis on foundational literacy and numeracy, implications of parental involvement , teacher practices, and policy interventions.

This community service initiative aims to provide a platform for students to actualize their religious potential and to strengthen their religious literacy and character through an Islamic Religious Education (PAI) Performance. The activity employed a Participatory Action Research (PAR) approach, encompassing planning, action, and reflection (evaluation). It was held from September 10–16, 2026, at the Ki Hajar Dewantara Building in Aikmel District, East Lombok, involving 32 elementary schools and 143 students comprising 65 speech contestants, 44 Quran recitation participants, and 34 PAI Olympiad competitors. The results indicate that the three competition categories provided avenues for demonstrating religious capabilities through communication, Quranic recitation skills, and mastery of PAI knowledge. The event also fostered traits such as discipline, responsibility, self-confidence, perseverance, adherence to rules, and sportsmanship through the experience of competition. Future initiatives should focus on sustained guidance and systematic evaluation to measure the development of students' religious literacy and character in a more targeted and continuous manner.

The development of artificial intelligence in education opens up opportunities to support learning while also raising ethical issues related to academic integrity and students’ digital responsibility. This article aims to analyze the role of character education as a foundation for guiding the use of artificial intelligence in relation to these two aspects. The study employs a literature review using a descriptive-qualitative approach. The findings indicate that the values of ṣidq and amanah provide a conceptual foundation for transparency in AI use, recognition of intellectual contributions, adherence to assignment guidelines, and accountability for learning processes and outcomes. Meanwhile, the values of tabayyun, respect for others, and a focus on the common good underpin digital responsibility in the form of information verification, privacy protection, respect for intellectual property, and consideration of the social impacts of AI use. Strengthening these two aspects requires educators to lead by example, clear institutional guidelines, family support, and reflective learning grounded in ethical dilemmas. This article concludes that the integration of character education and AI literacy should be directed toward developing students who are proficient in using technology while also being able to make decisions honestly and responsibly. The resulting conceptual framework still requires empirical testing according to educational levels and contexts.

Introduction Translating complex research into public and K-12 curricula comprises a significant component of science education and outreach. This paper examines the topics and experiences that are the focus of marine science education outreach. Methods Surveys were administered to marine science institutions (25 institutions responded) and undergraduate students (290 students responded). Results Institutional data from 25 organizations showed that 88% of respondents target 3rd–5th grade but only 68% reported serving PreK–2nd grade. Findings show 58% of STEM major respondents to the undergraduate survey identified elementary as their earliest exposure. For the STEM major respondents, 7% of respondents identify PreK, 18% identify middle school, 16% identify high school, and 2% as NA. Discussion Findings highlight the prevalence of early recalled science experiences among surveyed undergraduates and differences in the grade levels served by participating marine science outreach institutions. Expanding opportunities for PreK–2nd grade ocean education may help institutions engage younger audiences and support the development of ocean literacy. Further research using larger, more representative samples is needed to investigate relationships between early science education and later academic interests.

Abstract : The Northeastern College–College of Liberal Arts (NC-COLA) is committed to uplifting community well-being through responsive extension programs. This study evaluated the community needs of Barangay Mabini across seven domains: Education and Parenting, Food Safety and Hygiene, Human Rights and Violence Awareness, Livelihood and Financial Literacy, Disaster Risk Reduction and Management (DRRM), Environmental Conservation, and Organizational Planning and Management. Using a descriptive mixed-method design combining survey questionnaires and key informant interviews, results showed that Livelihood and Financial Literacy obtained the highest weighted mean (4.75), identifying economic vulnerability as the community’s most pressing concern. Food Safety and Hygiene (4.72), Organizational Planning and Management (4.68), Environmental Conservation (4.63), and DRRM (4.59) also registered high demand, reflecting gaps in public health, governance, and disaster preparedness. Human Rights and Violence Awareness (4.48) indicated greater preference for practical safety programs over formal legal education. It was concluded that Barangay Mabini requires coordinated, multi-stakeholder interventions targeting economic empowerment, institutional governance, and community resilience. Recommendations include financial literacy and livelihood programs, strengthening of the Barangay DRRM Council, systematic waste management, and capacity-building for local officials in partnership with relevant government agencies.

This study assessed the socio-demographic profile and level of Technology and Livelihood Education (TLE) functional literacy among senior high school students as a basis for developing a work readiness intervention program. Specifically, it examined the respondents’ profiles in terms of age, sex, general academic performance, and availability of TLE-related tools at home, as well as their level of functional literacy in technology and engineering design, food and nutrition, financial literacy, entrepreneurial competence, and agricultural literacy and agri-tech awareness. A descriptive research design was employed involving 406 senior high school students. Data were gathered using a validated researcher-made questionnaire and analyzed using frequency, percentage, and mean. Findings showed that the majority of respondents were 17–18 years old, with male students slightly outnumbering female students. Most respondents demonstrated favorable academic performance, with the largest proportion obtaining grades of 90 and above. In terms of available TLE-related resources at home, students had greater access to common cooking and household tools than to sewing and agricultural equipment. The findings further revealed varying levels of TLE functional literacy across the identified domains. Technology and engineering design literacy, food and nutrition literacy, and financial literacy were assessed as Needs Improvement, indicating areas requiring strengthened practical knowledge and skills. Agricultural literacy and agri-tech awareness reflected a relatively higher level of performance, while entrepreneurial competence was assessed as Very Satisfactory, indicating a notable strength among the respondents. Based on these findings, a work readiness intervention program entitled “Ready for Work: A Work Readiness Intervention Program for Enhancing TLE Functional Literacy among Senior High School Students” was proposed to address identified areas for improvement through hands-on, skill-based, and experiential learning activities. The study concludes that although students demonstrate strengths in entrepreneurial competence and academic performance, targeted instructional support and practical learning opportunities are needed to strengthen TLE functional literacy relevant to employment, entrepreneurship, and lifelong learning. It is recommended that schools provide structured work readiness interventions, expand opportunities for experiential and hands-on learning, and integrate practical financial, technological, and livelihood skills into TLE instruction to better prepare students for future work environments.

This study examined the reported levels of reading skills, writing skills, academic success, and challenges in literacy development among Grade 5 and Grade 6 learners. The study was conducted in selected public elementary schools in Lutayan, Sultan Kudarat during the School Year 2025–2026. A quantitative descriptive-correlational research design was employed. The respondents were 56 learners selected through proportionate sampling. Data were collected using a researcher-developed 40-item questionnaire covering reading skills (comprehension, vocabulary, and fluency); writing skills (syntax, grammar, and morphology); academic success; and challenges in reading and writing. The instrument obtained a mean validity score of 4.36 and a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.762, indicating acceptable internal consistency. Mean, standard deviation, and Pearson Product-Moment Correlation Coefficient were used to analyze the data. The findings showed that learners reported a very high level of reading skills (M = 4.40) and writing skills (M = 4.51). Academic success was reported as Very Satisfactory (M = 4.50), while challenges in developing literacy skills were reported as Challenged (M = 3.71). The correlation analysis showed a negligible positive relationship between reading skills and academic success (r = 0.119) and a negligible negative relationship between writing skills and academic success (r = -0.097). Neither relationship was statistically significant at the 0.05 level. The findings suggest that although learners reported high levels of reading and writing skills, these skills alone were not significantly related to their reported academic success. Other factors may also contribute to learners’ academic development.

Currently, no practical instrument is available to evaluate sleep health literacy in nurses. This study aimed to translate the Sleep Health Communication scale into Chinese and examine its psychometric properties. Translation was performed following the standard procedures of the classic Brislin translation model. Cross-sectional survey was conducted between May 1 and June 1, 2025, in a large general hospital located in Southeast China. The survey battery consisted of demographic information, the Sleep Health Literacy scale (SHL), and the Anxiety and Preoccupation about Sleep Questionnaire (APSQ). Random subsample 1 ( n = 317) was used for item analysis and exploratory factor analysis (EFA). Random subsample 2 ( n = 318) was utilised to test internal consistency, perform confirmatory factor analysis, and calculate convergent validity and discriminant validity. Forty randomly selected participants were retested one month later to assess test-retest reliability. Six experts in relevant disciplines were recruited to evaluate content validity. Concurrent validity was assessed via Pearson correlation analysis between the total score of the SHC and the overall score of the APSQ. The Chinese version of the SHC scale comprised 2 dimensions with a total of 9 items. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) supported this two-factor model with acceptable model fit indices: χ 2 /df = 2.946, RMSEA = 0.078. The overall Cronbach’s α coefficient of the scale was 0.889, and the McDonald’s ω coefficient was 0.894. The test-retest reliability yielded an r value of 0.881, and the two-way mixed-effects model intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) value of 0.866. The item-level content validity index (I-CVI) ranged from 0.833 to 1.000, and the scale-level average content validity index (S-CVI/Ave) was 0.944. Concurrent validity was calculated by correlating total SHC scores with total APSQ scores; the correlation coefficient was r = − 0.187( p < 0.01). The SHC-C exhibited preliminary reliability and validity. Notably, the overall concurrent validity of this scale with the APSQ was weak. The two-item Critical Application factor exhibited an even weaker, non-significant correlation and limited internal consistency. Its psychometric properties should be further validated using larger and more diverse samples. Not applicable.

This study examined the associations of self-regulation, self-esteem, and digital literacy with students' perceived learning achievement at Ariya Metta Vocational High School, Tangerang. The quantitative ex post facto study included 154 students drawn from a population of 250 through proportional stratified random sampling. Online questionnaire responses were analysed using multiple linear regression in SPSS version 27. Self-regulation (B = 1.349; β = 0.494; t = 6.739; p < .001) and self-esteem (B = 0.624; β = 0.345; t = 4.113; p < .001) were positively associated with perceived achievement after adjustment for the other predictors. Digital literacy showed no significant unique association (B = 0.040; β = 0.019; t = 0.248; p = .804). The model accounted for 63.0% of the observed variation (R² = .630; adjusted R² = .622). Although digital literacy was significant in a simple regression, the association did not persist in the full model, indicating overlapping explanatory information among predictors. The findings support attention to learning management and students' evaluations of themselves while encouraging academically purposeful uses of digital resources. Because achievement was self-reported and the design was observational, the results do not establish causality.

This study determined the administrative strategies employed by school leaders in implementing enhanced digital-based literacy instruction in selected public elementary schools in the City of Naga, Cebu (Region VII), and Calubian, Leyte (Region VIII), during School Year 2025–2026. It examined the respondents’ demographic and professional profiles; the level of implementation of digital-based literacy instruction in terms of curriculum integration, technological infrastructure and resources, and teacher pedagogical competence; the administrative strategies employed in resource allocation and maintenance, capacity building and professional development, and instructional supervision and monitoring; and the issues and concerns encountered. The study employed a quantitative descriptive-correlational and descriptive-comparative research design. The respondents comprised 110 school heads and teachers from six public elementary schools, consisting of six school heads (5.45%) and 104 teachers (94.55%). Data were gathered using a researcher-made structured questionnaire anchored on the Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) framework and the Philippine Professional Standards for School Heads (PPSSH). Frequency, percentage, weighted mean, and standard deviation were used for descriptive analysis, while an independent-samples t-test or analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Pearson’s correlation coefficient were proposed for examining differences and relationships. The findings revealed that digital-based literacy instruction was implemented to a great extent (overall weighted mean = 3.45, SD = 0.42), while administrative strategies were employed to a great extent (overall weighted mean = 3.51, SD = 0.39). Instructional supervision and monitoring were revealed to be the most frequently implemented administrative strategy, whereas technological infrastructure and resources were revealed to be the area requiring the greatest improvement. A significant positive relationship was revealed between administrative strategies and the level of implementation (r = 0.62, p < 0.001). Limited internet connectivity, insufficient digital equipment, and the need for continuous teacher training were revealed to be the major implementation concerns. These findings suggest the value of an enhanced digital-based literacy instruction framework emphasizing strategic resource allocation, sustained professional development, reliable technological infrastructure, and consistent instructional supervision.

This study examined the coping mechanisms and pedagogical challenges experienced by elementary teachers in utilizing interactive multimedia tools in selected public elementary schools in the Schools Division of Leyte, during School Year 2025–2026. Specifically, it determined the teachers’ demographic and professional profiles, assessed the extent of pedagogical challenges encountered in terms of technological fluency, competence, curriculum and lesson integration, time management, and resource management, and identified the coping mechanisms used to address these challenges. The study also examined whether significant differences existed in the teachers’ assessments when grouped according to their demographic characteristics and determined the relationship between pedagogical challenges and coping mechanisms. A quantitative descriptive-correlational and descriptive-comparative research design was employed, involving the total population of 145 elementary teachers from five selected public schools. Data were gathered using a researcher-made questionnaire validated by educational technology experts and analyzed using frequency, percentage, weighted mean, standard deviation, t-test, analysis of variance, and Pearson product-moment correlation at the 0.05 level of significance. The findings showed that teachers experienced varying degrees of difficulty in integrating interactive multimedia tools, particularly in managing technological demands, aligning digital resources with lessons, allocating preparation time, and addressing limitations in available resources. Despite these challenges, teachers demonstrated adaptive coping practices, particularly through collaboration and peer support, resourcefulness, adaptation, personal reflection, and self-care. The findings further indicated differences in some assessments when respondents were grouped according to selected demographic characteristics, while the relationship between pedagogical challenges and coping mechanisms reflected the teachers’ efforts to adjust to technology-related demands. Based on the findings, enhanced digital-based literacy teaching-learning activities were developed to strengthen teachers’ technological and pedagogical competencies and support more practical, engaging, and sustainable technology integration in elementary classrooms.

Introduction Digital romantic media may shape young adults' beliefs about intimacy, yet existing measures rarely assess relationship beliefs that jointly address autonomy, non-coercion, equality, and mutual growth. This study developed and validated the Sustainable Intimate Relationship Beliefs Scale (SIRBS) among Chinese college students. Methods An online survey yielded a final analytic sample of 2,008 participants, which was randomly divided for exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. Reliability, factor-level convergent and discriminant evidence, measurement invariance, criterion-related associations, mediation, and moderation were also examined. Results The final 12-item scale comprised three correlated but conceptually distinct dimensions: Non-materialistic Relationship Beliefs, Low Control Tolerance, and Egalitarian Growth Beliefs. Confirmatory factor analysis supported the correlated three-factor model (CFI = 0.995, TLI = 0.993, RMSEA = 0.036, SRMR = 0.026). Internal consistency was satisfactory (Cronbach's alpha = 0.845; McDonald's omega total = 0.91), and composite reliability ranged from 0.878 to 0.967. Omega hierarchical (0.59) and explained common variance (0.39) indicated limited saturation by a single general factor. Approximate measurement invariance was supported across male-female gender groups and romantic relationship experience groups. SIRBS scores were positively associated with media literacy and negatively associated with unsustainable romantic-script internalization. Discussion The findings support the three subscale scores as the primary basis for construct-specific interpretation. The total score may be used as a secondary broad composite but should not be interpreted as a strictly unidimensional trait.

Background and objectives Health literacy in adulthood plays a major role in an individual’s ability to use health information to benefit their health. Social determinants in early childhood initiate the development of health literacy through newborn brain development and oral language acquisition. Both of these processes are promoted by stimulation from everyday interactions with parents/caregivers at home and in the community. Unequal access to language-learning opportunities during early childhood represents a modifiable developmental and social determinant of later educational and health outcomes. There are inequities in these time-sensitive interactions—specifically language-learning opportunities—across families in the population, which are social determinants of early literacy, achievement in school, and later-life education, health, and economic and social well-being across the life span. This gap is most pronounced among children who grow up in poverty in the United States and internationally. The healthcare system in the United States effectively reaches to nearly all infants; however, language-learning opportunities are not a focus during well-child visits. The term “Language Nutrition” (LN) was coined in prior research to refer to these developmentally rich interactions known to support brain and language growth in children younger than preschool age. We developed Kansas City Brain Builders (KCBB) to address this inequity by promoting LN broadly among families and children in a community so that all children have a more equitable home language environment. The purpose of this study is to report longitudinal empirical findings on families and children related to the implementation of KCBB, a public health approach to community change, over 2 years. Methods The evaluation involved two parallel longitudinal studies: the Community study and the Family study. The Community study assessed the implementation of a KCBB multisectoral community partnership to promote LN-friendly changes in local programs, practices, and policies. The Family study involved longitudinal assessments of a sample of 83 English- and Spanish-speaking families with children younger than 36 months of age, evaluating the KCBB impacts on parental behaviors and child growth in language skills. Results KCBB led to a high level of documented program implementation and substantial LN promotion throughout the community. Repeated parent assessments indicated that participants had received LN messages from multiple community sectors over time, increased their knowledge of the importance of LN, and used LN through storybook reading, verbal responsiveness, and teaching behaviors during interactions with their children. Growth in children’s early language skills was significantly associated with the amount of LN they received. Discussion/Conclusion KCBB is one of the few multisectoral interventions designed to promote community-wide change targeting LN. It is a manualized intervention that can be replicated by other communities. This study employed three levels of measurement such that change could be evaluated in a theoretical framework of influence from community engagement to parental behavior and growth in child language skills. Findings provide preliminary evidence that a multisectoral community approach can achieve broad reach and is associated with changes in caregiver practices and child language growth. Larger, controlled, and replicated studies are needed to establish causal effects and determine whether such approaches reduce disparities in language-learning opportunities.

Introduction Event nominalizations are a central feature of academic language: they compress complex events into nominal structures, increasing informational density while reducing the transparency of thematic-role assignment. The present eye-tracking study examined whether nominalizations impose greater processing demands than corresponding active and passive constructions in developing readers, and whether these effects vary across readers with different linguistic and literacy profiles. Methods Seventy-nine fifth- and sixth-grade children participated in the study: 28 typically developing monolingual Italian children, 21 monolingual Italian children with developmental dyslexia, and 30 typically developing bilingual children with migrant background and Italian as the societal language. Participants silently read short passages in which the same target event was expressed either as a nominalization, a passive construction, or an active construction, and then answered comprehension questions while their eye movements were recorded. Accuracy, standard eye-movement measures, and scanpaths were analyzed to capture comprehension outcomes and online reading strategies. Results Nominalizations did not significantly reduce comprehension accuracy, but they affected online processing during both initial reading and the question-answering phase. Scanpath dissimilarity was higher for nominalizations than for both verbal constructions during initial reading, and than for passives during question-answering in correctly answered trials. In these trials, nominalizations were also associated with a higher probability of partial rescanning and a lower probability of minimal rescanning relative to active texts, indicating greater reliance on rereading when answering questions correctly. Moreover, children with dyslexia showed a generalized increase in processing effort, whereas bilingual children displayed an intermediate profile, with increased reliance on rereading during question-answering. Discussion These findings indicate that nominalizations significantly influence online reading processes even when questions are answered correctly, suggesting additional demands in retrieving information about event participants. Overall processing patterns differed across reader groups, and children with dyslexia showed the greatest effort in both online reading and question-answering.

This study evaluated the effectiveness of the ARAL-Reading Tool in improving reading fluency and comprehension among Grade Six learners in the Third District of Bohol during School Year 2025–2026. Anchored on Automaticity Theory, Schema Theory, and Sociocultural Theory, the study employed a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest control-group design involving 15 purposively selected learners. Seven learners received the eight-week ARAL-Reading Plus intervention, while eight received regular reading instruction. Data were gathered using the Philippine Informal Reading Inventory (Phil-IRI) and the Division of Bohol District Reading Assessment Template. Descriptive statistics and paired-samples and independent-samples t-tests were employed. Before the intervention, both groups demonstrated Frustration-level performance in reading fluency and comprehension. Following the intervention, the experimental group achieved 98.48% in fluency and 85.71% in comprehension, while the control group obtained 96.21% and 57.14%, respectively. Both groups demonstrated significant pretest-posttest improvements. However, between-group comparisons revealed a significant difference in comprehension (p = .019), but not in fluency (p = .185). The findings indicate that the ARAL-Reading Tool supported reading development, particularly comprehension. Strengthening structured reading interventions, instructional resources, teacher support, parental involvement, and continuous assessment was recommended. The study aligns with Sustainable Development Goal 4 (Quality Education) by addressing foundational literacy gaps and promoting equitable learning opportunities. Its contribution to educational and institutional sustainability emphasizes evidence-based reading interventions, stakeholder collaboration, and continued support for improving elementary learners' literacy outcomes and strengthening school-based educational recovery initiatives. The findings also provide a basis for school heads and education officials to refine implementation, allocate resources, and monitor reading progress.

The article discusses the theoretical and practical foundations for improving an inclusive digital learning environment aimed at developing the information competence of deaf and hard-ofhearing high school students. Drawing on data from the World Health Organization (WHO), the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), and official and scholarly sources from Uzbekistan, it shows that 22,381 deaf and hard-of-hearing people were registered in the country in 2021, 13,501 of them (about 60.3%) living in rural areas, while 4,965 children study in specialized boarding schools.

This study assessed the reading comprehension skills and academic performance in English of Grade 3 learners in selected public elementary schools in the Albuera District, Department of Education (DepEd), Schools Division of Leyte, Region VIII, during School Year 2025–2026, as a basis for developing interactive reading activities. A descriptive-quantitative research design was employed, involving six teachers and 90 learners from six public elementary schools. The learners were selected through simple random sampling. Data were gathered using a structured paper-and-pencil questionnaire covering respondents’ profiles, learners’ performance in five reading comprehension strategies, academic performance in reading comprehension, vocabulary, and storytelling, and the issues and concerns encountered in implementing reading comprehension activities. Frequency counts, percentages, and weighted means were used to analyze the data, together with a test of association to examine the relationships between instructional strategies and learners’ academic performance. The findings revealed that the strategies used in reading comprehension obtained an overall average weighted mean of 3.26, interpreted as Highly Effective. Story mapping and the use of photographs received the highest ratings, with weighted means of 3.30 each, followed by activating prior knowledge at 3.23 and monitoring and clarifying at 3.20. In terms of academic performance, learners demonstrated a lack of mastery in noting details (M = 2.20), decoding (M = 2.23), phonics (M = 2.40), vocabulary (M = 2.30), and storytelling (M = 2.40). The findings further revealed that monitoring and clarifying and the use of photographs had statistically significant associations with selected academic competencies, whereas activating prior knowledge and story mapping did not demonstrate significant associations with the measured competencies. The specific association coefficients and p-values were not available in the supplied results. These findings highlight the need to strengthen learners’ foundational reading skills, particularly identifying details, decoding words, applying phonics, developing vocabulary, and organizing narratives. Based on the findings, interactive reading activities are proposed for consideration and implementation by the concerned school officials, in collaboration with teachers, parents, and the DepEd Schools Division of Leyte, to address learners’ literacy needs and improve their reading comprehension and academic performance.

Generative artificial intelligence is fundamentally reshaping the cognitive conditions of knowledge innovation. While human–AI collaboration improves the efficiency of knowledge production, it may also induce creators to outsourcing cognitive work to AI systems. This study conceptualized this tendency as task-level metacognitive disengagement, defined as the immediate reduction of planning, monitoring, and reflection within a specific AI-assisted task, and, drawing on metacognition theory, cognitive offloading theory and self-regulated learning theory, examined its impact on knowledge innovation quality, its psychological mechanism, and boundary conditions through four complementary experiments. Experiment 1 showed that higher AI assistance significantly increased metacognitive disengagement. Experiment 2 revealed that cognitive offloading partially mediated the relationship between AI assistance and metacognitive disengagement. Experiment 3 confirmed the negative effect of cognitive offloading on knowledge innovation quality, specifically on novelty, usefulness, and developability, with metacognitive disengagement partially mediating this effect. Experiment 4 tested the proposed moderated mediation model and found that task complexity strengthened, whereas individual AI literacy weakened, the negative indirect effect of cognitive offloading on knowledge innovation quality through metacognitive disengagement. These findings reveal a hidden cognitive cost behind the efficiency gains of human–AI collaboration and provide empirical evidence and theoretical implications for cultivating innovative talent and designing human–AI collaborative mechanisms in the era of artificial intelligence.

Introduction Collaborative problem solving has become a key educational competence, yet existing observational instruments often assess only selected aspects of collaboration, rely on labor-intensive micro-analytic coding, or are tied to specific task contexts. To address these limitations, this study developed and validated the Collaborative Problem Solving Observation Grid (CPS-OG), an evidence-based observational instrument designed to provide a comprehensive, task-independent, macro-level assessment of collaboration quality. The instrument is grounded in four empirically derived dimensions of CPS: socio-cognitive exchange, socio-emotional exchange, task regulation, and group regulation. Method Validation was conducted with 84 groups of secondary school students working in triads ( N = 73) or dyads ( N = 11) on scientific and civic literacy tasks. The psychometric evaluation included analyses of interrater reliability, internal consistency, construct validity, and criterion-related validity. Results Across both task domains, the CPS-OG demonstrated excellent interrater reliability, good internal consistency, and preliminary support for the internal coherence of the four-conceptual dimensions, consistent with findings from a recent systematic review of CPS quality. The four dimensions included in the instrument showed meaningful associations with Mercer's dialogue types and group product quality, providing further evidence of criterion validity. The consistency of findings across scientific and civic literacy tasks indicates the instrument's robustness in different task contexts. Discussion Overall, the findings suggest that the CPS-OG is a reliable and promising observational instrument. It offers a comprehensive approach to monitoring and assessing collaborative problem solving, providing researchers and practitioners with a practical tool for evaluating collaboration across diverse educational tasks.

This study examined the reading skills of Grade 3 learners and their relationship with academic performance in English in selected public elementary schools in the Bantayan District, Schools Division of Cebu Province, during School Year 2026–2027. Specifically, it assessed learners’ proficiency in phonemic awareness, phonics, text recognition, vocabulary, and comprehension; described the profiles of the teacher and learner respondents; and determined whether a significant relationship existed between reading skills and academic performance in English. The study employed a descriptive-correlational research design involving 100 respondents, comprising 96 Grade 3 learners, with 24 learners from each of four schools, and four teachers from Pooc, Sta. Fe Central, Vito, and Baigad Elementary Schools. Data were gathered through a modified survey questionnaire and informal interviews. Frequency counts, percentages, weighted means, standard deviations, and Pearson’s product-moment correlation coefficient were used to analyze the collected data. The findings revealed that 70 of the 96 Grade 3 learners (72.92%) demonstrated effective foundational reading skills, while the remaining 26 learners (27.08%) were identified as potentially requiring additional reading support, depending on the established assessment criteria. These results underscore the importance of sustaining effective reading instruction while addressing the needs of learners experiencing difficulties in foundational literacy. The study proposes augmented reading skills learning activities designed to strengthen learners’ reading proficiency, improve comprehension, and support the development of essential literacy competencies. The proposed activities may serve as a basis for differentiated instruction, targeted reading interventions, and continuous monitoring of learner progress. Furthermore, the study emphasizes collaboration among teachers, school administrators, and parents in creating supportive learning environments that promote reading development and improved academic performance in English.

This study evaluates the effectiveness of a participatory greening program in implementing a Green Campus and achieving SDG 12 among Biology students. A quantitative pre-experimental, one-group pre-test post-test design was employed with 80 undergraduate student selected by purposive sampling. Instruments included expert-validated knowledge tests, environmental questionnaires, and observation checklist (instrumental validity score of 100%). The four-month program involved activities such as planting, watering, weeding, fertilizing, and monitoring, specially designed to promote sustainable consumption and production practice-including organic fertilization efficient water usage, composting, and responsible resources management. Student participation averaged 84.15%. Statistical analysis using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test indicated a significant increase in environmental knowledge (Z = -7.786, p < 0.001) with a high N-gain score of 0.83. Additionally, students’ environmental care attitude improved significantly, with the mean score rising from 51.37 to 91.81, categorized as “very positive”. These findings demonstrate that the greening program is empirically effective in improving ecological literacy and foresting proenvironmental attitude while reinforcing sustainable production principles. Therefore, this program can be adopted as a scalable and sustainable model for Green Campus initiative in higher education.

Academic Competency Test (TKA) is an assessment tool designed to measure the literacy, numeracy, and reasoning abilities of high school students as indicators of academic readiness for higher education. However, TKA results show that student achievement is still relatively low and varies between subjects. This study aims to comprehensively examine the determining factors that influence the low achievement of senior high school students in the Academic Competency Test (TKA). This study uses a qualitative descriptive approach with a literature study method, with data sources in the form of reputable national and international scientific articles and secondary data from TKA results published by the Education Assessment Center, Ministry of Primary and Secondary Education. The data were analyzed through the stages of reduction, presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results of the study show that low TKA achievement is influenced by internal factors, including weak higher-order thinking skills (HOTS), low basic literacy and numeracy, high academic anxiety, and low student motivation to learn. In addition, external factors such as the gap between learning practices and national assessment requirements, the phenomenon of learning loss after the pandemic, limitations in teachers' pedagogical competencies, and socio-economic conditions also contribute to low TKA achievement. These findings show that TKA achievement is a reflection of the overall quality of the learning ecosystem and requires the strengthening of literacy, numeracy, and reasoning-based learning on an ongoing basis.

Digital media has evolved from passive screen viewing into an algorithmically curated ecosystem of social platforms, short form video, games, generative artificial intelligence (AI), conversational agents, connected toys and educational technologies. These systems can support learning, creativity, communication, disability access and healthcare; however, engagement optimized design, commercial surveillance and synthetic content create risks that are not adequately captured by screen-time measures alone. This narrative review examines the effects of contemporary digital ecosystems on child and adolescent health and outlines implications for pediatric practice. PubMed/MEDLINE, Google Scholar and guidance from the World Health Organization, United Nations Children's Fund, UNESCO and the American Academy of Pediatrics were reviewed, with emphasis on evidence published from 2019 to June 2026. Associations have been reported between problematic digital media use and sleep disruption, reduced physical activity, visual and musculoskeletal symptoms, obesity related behaviours, anxiety, depressive symptoms, cyberbullying, disordered eating and impaired attention. Causal interpretation remains difficult because effects are heterogeneous, often small, bidirectional and strongly modified by age, content, context, displacement, family relationships and pre-existing vulnerability. AI adds distinct concerns: persuasive personalization, inaccurate health information, anthropomorphic dependency, deepfakes, sexual exploitation, biased outputs, privacy loss and erosion of learning through uncritical outsourcing. Benefits are also substantial when technologies are developmentally appropriate, evidence-based, inclusive and used with adult support. Pediatric counselling should shift from counting hours alone toward assessing the child's digital ecosystem, sleep, function, content, compulsivity, safety and relationships. Effective protection requires shared family practices, school digital literacy, safety by design, age-appropriate assurance, transparent algorithms, data minimization and independent research. The goal is not a screen free childhood but a child centred digital environment that supports health, agency and development.

Quranic memorization learning in early childhood often faces challenges such as short attention spans and boredom caused by monotonous repetition methods, leading to mood fluctuations and low memory retention. Recognizing the importance of laying a solid memorization foundation early on, an instructional strategy that bridges recitation accuracy with children's psychological traits is urgently required. This study aims to analyze teachers’ strategies for integrating the talaqqi/musyāfahah method with a joyful learning approach to improve Qur’an memorization skills among children aged 5–6 years at TKIT Ar-Risalah Samarinda. This descriptive qualitative study employs a teacher-researcher design, in which the researcher independently serves as the sole teacher as well as the primary data collector. The research subjects consisted of 1 main teacher and 16 Class B3 students. Data were collected through direct observation, self-reflection journals, audio-visual recordings, and documentation of mutaba'ah book recapitulations. Data analysis was conducted interactively (reduction, presentation, and conclusion drawing), and its validity was tested through triangulation of techniques and sources. The results showed that memorization planning was arranged gradually (1–2 verses per day) based on differentiation. The learning implementation combined auditory modeling (talaqqi) with game-based learning, kinetic ice-breaking, and positive reinforcement. This integrative strategy was proven to have a significant influence on three indicators: (1) improving the accuracy of makhraj pronunciation and basic tajwid in real-time; (2) fostering children’s confidence and independence in reciting their memorization; and (3) strengthening memorization retention through multisensory engagement without triggering cognitive fatigue. Obstacles in the form of short attention spans and fluctuating moods were successfully eliminated through break time and interactive games. This study concludes that accuracy in Qur’an memorization rules among pre-literacy children is best achieved when aligned with children’s positive emotional regulation needs. ABSTRAK Pembelajaran hafalan Al-Qur'an pada anak usia dini sering kali menghadapi kendala seperti rentang perhatian yang singkat dan kejenuhan akibat metode pengulangan yang monoton, yang memicu fluktuasi mood serta rendahnya retensi ingatan anak. Mengingat pentingnya penanaman fondasi hafalan sejak dini, diperlukan strategi pembelajaran yang mampu menjembatani presisi kaidah bacaan dengan karakteristik psikologis anak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis strategi guru dalam mengintegrasikan metode talaqqi/musyāfahah dengan pendekatan pembelajaran yang menyenangkan (joyful learning) guna meningkatkan kemampuan hafalan Al-Qur’an anak usia 5–6 tahun di TKIT Ar-Risalah Samarinda. Penelitian kualitatif deskriptif ini menggunakan desain teacher researcher, di mana peneliti bertindak mandiri sebagai pengajar tunggal sekaligus pengumpul data utama. Subjek penelitian meliputi 1 orang guru utama dan 16 peserta didik Kelas B3. Data dikumpulkan melalui observasi langsung, jurnal refleksi diri, rekaman audio-visual, dan dokumentasi rekapitulasi buku mutaba'ah. Analisis data dilakukan secara interaktif (reduksi, penyajian, dan penarikan kesimpulan) serta diuji keabsahannya melalui triangulasi teknik dan sumber. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perencanaan hafalan disusun secara bertahap (1–2 ayat per hari) berbasis diferensiasi. Pelaksanaan pembelajaran memadukan pemodelan auditori (talaqqi) dengan game-based learning, ice breaking kinetik, dan positive reinforcement. Strategi integratif ini terbukti memberikan pengaruh signifikan terhadap tiga indikator: (1) meningkatkan akurasi pelafalan makhraj dan tajwid dasar secara real-time; (2) menumbuhkan keberanian serta kemandirian anak dalam menyetorkan hafalan; dan (3) memperkuat retensi daya rekat hafalan melalui keterlibatan multisensorik tanpa memicu kelelahan kognitif. Hambatan berupa rentang perhatian yang singkat dan mood fluktuatif berhasil dieliminasi melalui pemberian jeda (break time) dan permainan interaktif. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa ketepatan kaidah hafalan Al-Qur’an pada anak usia pra-literasi dapat dicapai secara optimal apabila diselaraskan dengan kebutuhan regulasi emosi positif anak.

Pre-adolescence 9-12 years is a critical developmental period characterized by rapid biological, emotional, cognitive, and social changes that influence future mental health and well-being. Indian pre-adolescents increasingly encounter academic pressure, changing family dynamics, peer challenges, and extensive digital exposure, creating potential risks to emotional adjustment. Resilience, defined as the ability to adapt positively to adversity and recover from challenging experiences, is an important protective factor during this formative stage. This article aims to examine the determinants and dimensions of resilience among Indian pre-adolescents and to propose a culturally relevant, integrated framework for promoting resilience across biological, psychological, social, and digital domains. This article highlights key factors that strengthen resilience, including emotional regulation, self-esteem, self-compassion, problem-solving skills, supportive parenting, positive school environments, healthy peer relationships, and community connectedness. Digital resilience is also emphasized, encompassing safe technology use, digital literacy, responsible online behavior, and adaptive coping with cyberbullying, online risks, and excessive screen exposure. Based on existing evidence and contextual insights, the integrated pre-adolescent resilience model (IPARM) is proposed, integrating biological, psychological, social, and digital dimensions. Resilience promotion strategies are discussed at individual, family, school, community, and healthcare levels, with nurses and other health professionals playing an important role in early identification of vulnerable children, mental health promotion, and implementation of resilience-building interventions. Strengthening resilience during pre-adolescence represents a valuable preventive mental health strategy. A holistic and culturally responsive approach can foster emotional competence, psychological well-being, adaptability, and healthy development, enabling Indian children to navigate contemporary challenges and develop into confident and resilient individuals.

Rising living costs and expensive higher education place many students under financial pressure, yet the evidence from Southeast Asia has not been brought together. Following the Arksey and O’Malley framework and PRISMA-ScR reporting guidelines, a total of 239 records were screened, comprising 174 records retrieved from Scopus and 65 records from non-Scopus sources. Eleven studies from five countries (the Philippines, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, and Thailand) were charted and synthesised narratively. Six were quantitative surveys, and five of the eleven appeared in 2025 or 2026. Six themes emerged. First, costs extend beyond tuition: programme costs, rent, and other indirect expenses create hardship even where tuition is free. Second, access to family resources and financial aid is unequal. Third, financial strain is reported alongside psychological distress and academic strain, a pattern of co-occurrence rather than demonstrated cause. Fourth, students cope through income generation, saving and economising, building financial literacy, cognitive reappraisal, spiritual support, and selective use of social support. Fifth, financial literacy and behaviour appear to shape financial well-being, although findings on financial stress conflict. Sixth, authors call for support beyond tuition, but no study evaluated an intervention. The evidence is mostly cross-sectional, and no eligible study came from Vietnam, Myanmar, Cambodia, Laos, Brunei, or Timor-Leste. Malaysia contributes one study, which examines financial well-being rather than coping strategies. Future work needs harmonised measures, longitudinal and intervention designs, and wider country coverage.

Purpose This study examined the global landscape of mental health literacy (MHL) education for health professions students, focusing on publication trends, intervention designs, pedagogical approaches, MHL domains addressed, evaluation methods, and contextual influences. Methods Following PRISMA-ScR guidelines, an Evidence and Gap Mapping (EGM) scoping review was conducted to identify and visually synthesize MHL education interventions. Searches were conducted in PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, EBSCOhost (including CINAHL, PsycINFO, and ERIC), and APA PsycArticles (February 1997-May 2025). The included studies involved pre-licensure health professions students and implemented structured educational interventions explicitly targeting MHL domains. The data were extracted using a standardized framework and analyzed through descriptive synthesis and visual mapping to identify research clusters and gaps. PROSPERO registration: CRD420251050891. Results Fifty-five studies met the inclusion criteria for this review. Notably, the number of publications increased significantly after 2016, with most of the evidence coming from Europe, the Western Pacific, and the Americas, while representation from the African and Eastern Mediterranean regions was limited. Quasi-experimental designs were the most common, characterized by short-term, classroom-based interventions primarily targeting specific professions, particularly nursing and medicine. Although traditional didactic teaching methods remained prevalent, experiential strategies such as simulation, role-play, and reflective practices were increasingly adopted. Within the existing body of evidence, interventions predominantly emphasized knowledge, attitudes, and confidence, whereas skills development, behavioral change, self-awareness, and help-seeking were less consistently addressed. Furthermore, evaluations mostly relied on short-term, self-reported outcomes, with few studies examining behavioral change or long-term impacts. Conclusions MHL education for future health professionals is expanding but remains unevenly distributed, pedagogically conservative, and methodologically limited. Advancing the field will require longitudinal, theory-informed, and experiential approaches, stronger evaluation designs, integration of lived-experience perspectives, and targeted capacity-building in low- and middle-income settings.

Purpose: to examine the effectiveness of numeracy-based think-pair-share (TPS) in improving grade V students’ learning motivation in IPAS compared with conventional instruction. Method: this study used a quasi-experimental design with 20 grade V students in experimental and control groups. Data were collected through pretest and posttest motivation questionnaires and analyzed using N-Gain. Findings: showed that numeracy-based TPS improved students’ learning motivation, with a mean increase of 21.39 points and an N-Gain of 0.68, compared with 10.12 points and an N-Gain of 0.32 in the control group. These findings suggest that numeracy-based TPS is a promising approach to enhancing motivation in elementary IPAS learning. Implications: this study highlights the potential of numeracy-based TPS as an innovative instructional strategy to enhance student motivation through active participation, peer collaboration, and meaningful numeracy activities in elementary IPAS learning. Originality: lies in integrating numeracy literacy with the think-pair-share (TPS) model to enhance students’ learning motivation in elementary IPAS, an approach that remains limited in previous research.

This article aims to analyze the problems faced by Islamic Religious Education (PAI) in shaping students’ morals amid the development of social media. This research employs a qualitative method with a library research approach by examining scholarly journals on digital morality, Islamic education, social media etiquette, teacher role modelling, and digital literacy. The literature synthesis indicates that social media has become an environment that can influence students’ values and behavior. The issues discussed include exposure to content that contradicts Islamic values, impolite communication, cyberbullying, dependence on peer approval, and the gap between students’ understanding of Islamic values and their application in digital behavior. Nevertheless, social media also has the potential to serve as a medium for moral education when used appropriately. This study emphasizes the importance of teacher role modelling, digital literacy, habituation of Islamic values, contextual learning, and collaboration among schools, families, and communities. The fundamental issue to consider is how to connect students’ religious understanding acquired through classroom learning with the application of moral values in everyday life, including their use of social media. Therefore, PAI learning should focus not only on religious knowledge but also on developing students’ ability to apply Islamic ethics critically, wisely, and consistently in digital spaces.

The increasing demand for digital competencies in the current labor market has intensified concerns regarding the employability of unemployed graduates, particularly in developing economies. This study examined the impact of a short online digital skills training program on the employability readiness of unemployed graduates in Cebu City, Philippines. A quasi-experimental one-group pre-test and post-test design was employed to assess changes in participants' employability readiness following a structured, self-paced online training intervention. The program focused on productivity software, digital communication platforms, and online job-search strategies. Employability readiness was measured using a validated, researcher-developed questionnaire assessing digital literacy, job-application preparedness, digital communication skills, and job-search confidence. The instrument demonstrated satisfactory internal consistency, with an overall Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.88. Results indicated a statistically significant improvement in participants' employability readiness after completing the intervention (t = 9.87, p < 0.001). Improvements were observed across all measured dimensions, with the greatest increase found in job-search confidence. While the findings suggest that participation in the online training program was associated with improved employability readiness, the absence of a control group limits causal interpretation. Nevertheless, the study highlights the potential of short-duration online digital skills training as a practical and scalable strategy for supporting workforce preparedness among unemployed graduates in developing-country contexts. Future studies employing more rigorous experimental designs are recommended to validate these findings further.

Shared cognitive–linguistic skills support reading and spelling, yet they may dissociate into heterogeneous literacy profiles. This study examined whether Chinese students learning English as a second language (ESL) with poor reading (PR), poor spelling (PS), combined word-reading and spelling difficulties (English learning difficulties; ELD), and typical development (TD) exhibited distinct literacy outcomes and cognitive–linguistic profiles, and which skills uniquely predicted subgroup membership. Participants were 190 Grade 2–3 Hong Kong Chinese students who were classified into predefined literacy profiles based on grade-normed performance on standardized English word reading and word spelling measures. Students completed assessments of vocabulary knowledge, phonological awareness, orthographic knowledge, rapid naming, morphological awareness, working memory, and IQ. Multivariate analyses of covariance showed that the predefined literacy profiles were associated with overlapping but differentially expressed cognitive-linguistic patterns. Hierarchical multinomial logistic regression analysis showed that vocabulary knowledge and phonological awareness consistently differentiated all difficulty groups from TD peers. In contrast, orthographic knowledge uniquely predicted PR and ELD but not isolated PS. Rapid naming and morphological awareness did not show unique contributions. These findings are consistent with literacy difficulties reflecting shared but differentially weighted cognitive-linguistic constraints, supporting a multiple-deficit perspective and highlighting vocabulary knowledge and phonological awareness as important targets for assessment and intervention in ESL learners.

مهارت‌های شناختی-زبانی مشترک از خواندن و املا حمایت می‌کنند، اما ممکن است به پروفایل‌های سواد ناهمگن تقسیم شوند. این پژوهش بررسی کرد که آیا دانش‌آموزان چینی که زبان انگلیسی را به عنوان زبان دوم (ESL) می‌آموزند و دارای مشکلات خواندن (PR)، مشکلات املا (PS)، مشکلات ترکیبی خواندن و املا (مشکلات یادگیری زبان انگلیسی؛ ELD) و رشد طبیعی (TD) هستند، نتایج سواد و پروفایل‌های شناختی-زبانی متمایزی نشان می‌دهند و کدام مهارت‌ها به طور منحصر به فرد عضویت در زیرگروه‌ها را پیش‌بینی می‌کنند. شرکت‌کنندگان شامل ۱۹۰ دانش‌آموز چینی پایه دوم و سوم از هنگ‌کنگ بودند که بر اساس عملکرد نرمال‌شده با توجه به پایه تحصیلی در آزمون‌های استاندارد خواندن واژه‌های انگلیسی و املا به پروفایل‌های سواد از پیش تعیین‌شده طبقه‌بندی شدند. دانش‌آموزان ارزیابی‌هایی از دانش واژگان، آگاهی واجی، دانش املایی، نام‌گذاری سریع، آگاهی صرفی، حافظه کاری و بهره هوشی را تکمیل کردند. تحلیل کوواریانس چندمتغیره نشان داد که پروفایل‌های سواد از پیش تعیین‌شده با الگوهای شناختی-زبانی همپوشان اما متفاوت همراه هستند. تحلیل رگرسیون لجستیک چندجمله‌ای سلسله‌مراتبی نشان داد که دانش واژگان و آگاهی واجی به طور مداوم همه گروه‌های دارای مشکل را از همتایان TD متمایز می‌کند. در مقابل، دانش املایی فقط PR و ELD را به طور منحصر به فرد پیش‌بینی کرد و نه PS منفرد را. نام‌گذاری سریع و آگاهی صرفی نقش منحصر به فردی نشان ندادند. این یافته‌ها با این دیدگاه که مشکلات سواد بازتاب محدودیت‌های شناختی-زبانی مشترک اما با وزن‌دهی متفاوت هستند، سازگار است و دیدگاه چندنقصی را حمایت می‌کند و دانش واژگان و آگاهی واجی را به عنوان اهداف مهم برای ارزیابی و مداخله در زبان‌آموزان ESL برجسته می‌سازد.

This phenomenological study explores the lived experiences of Thai Generation Z hikers, thoroughly examining the critical intersection of artificial intelligence (AI) literacy and complex decision-making in wilderness environments. As young adventurers increasingly pursue nature-based eco-experientia for psychological restoration, AI has rapidly evolved into an active, front-facing backcountry companion. Using the Theory of Technological Mediation alongside robust methodological triangulation—including in-depth interviews, focus groups, and interactive discussions with university-aged hikers—this research examines how algorithmic tools profoundly reshape human-nature relationships. The empirical findings clearly show that AI is seamlessly integrated throughout the trekking lifecycle, functioning as a vital digital safety net that mitigates environmental uncertainty. However, this deep integration precipitates a highly complex socio-technical paradox. While participants consistently exhibit exceptional functional AI literacy, an emerging algorithmic dependency actively threatens to erode traditional, intuitive wilderness judgment. Ultimately, AI facilitates a hermeneutic relationship in which pristine nature is interpreted through curated data, fundamentally transforming raw exploration into a mediated digital reality that urgently requires careful preservation of human agency within adventure tourism.

این مطالعه پدیدارشناختی به بررسی تجارب زیسته کوهنوردان نسل Z تایلندی می‌پردازد و به طور جامع به تلاقی حیاتی سواد هوش مصنوعی (AI) و تصمیم‌گیری پیچیده در محیط‌های بکر طبیعی می‌پردازد. با افزایش تمایل جوانان ماجراجو به تجربه‌های طبیعت‌محور برای بازسازی روان‌شناختی، هوش مصنوعی به سرعت به یک همراه فعال و پیشرو در مناطق دورافتاده تبدیل شده است. با بهره‌گیری از نظریه میانجی‌گری فناورانه و تلفیق روش‌شناسی قوی شامل مصاحبه‌های عمیق، گروه‌های کانونی و بحث‌های تعاملی با کوهنوردان در سنین دانشگاهی، این پژوهش بررسی می‌کند که چگونه ابزارهای الگوریتمی به طور عمیق روابط انسان و طبیعت را بازشکل می‌دهند. یافته‌های تجربی به روشنی نشان می‌دهند که هوش مصنوعی در سراسر چرخه حیات کوهنوردی به طور یکپارچه ادغام شده و به عنوان یک شبکه ایمنی دیجیتال حیاتی عمل می‌کند که عدم قطعیت‌های محیطی را کاهش می‌دهد. با این حال، این ادغام عمیق منجر به یک پارادوکس اجتماعی-فناورانه بسیار پیچیده می‌شود. در حالی که شرکت‌کنندگان به طور مداوم سواد عملکردی استثنایی در زمینه هوش مصنوعی از خود نشان می‌دهند، وابستگی فزاینده به الگوریتم‌ها به طور فعال تهدید می‌کند که قضاوت‌های سنتی و شهودی در طبیعت را تضعیف کند. در نهایت، هوش مصنوعی رابطه‌ای هرمنوتیکی را تسهیل می‌کند که در آن طبیعت بکر از طریق داده‌های گزینش‌شده تفسیر می‌شود و کاوش خام را به واقعیتی دیجیتال و میانجی‌گری‌شده تبدیل می‌کند که به طور فوری نیازمند حفظ دقیق عاملیت انسانی در گردشگری ماجراجویانه است.

Despite the growing literature on first-generation students, limited research has examined how intersecting socioeconomic, cultural, linguistic, and institutional barriers shape the higher education experiences of first-generation Sama Indigenous students in Tawi-Tawi, Philippines. Thus, this study investigated the socioeconomic challenges encountered by first-generation Indigenous Sama students pursuing higher education in Tawi-Tawi and examined how these challenges affect their academic performance and overall well-being. A qualitative case study design was employed. Seven fourth-year first-generation Sama undergraduate students enrolled in higher education institution in Tawi-Tawi were selected through purposive sampling based on ethnicity, first-generation status, final-year enrollment, and residency. Data were gathered through semi-structured interviews lasting 45–58 minutes, audio-recorded with consent, transcribed, cleaned, and analyzed using a four-stage thematic coding process: initial coding, frequency count, categorization, and theme development. Addressing this gap, the study found four major challenges : financial and economic struggles, including poverty, job anxiety, and lack of scholarship support; academic and institutional challenges, such as heavy workloads, teacher-centered instruction, and literacy gaps; social and cultural factors, including language barriers, discrimination, and social comparison; and family and socioeconomic conditions, such as parental loss, limited income, and unstable housing. Impacts included spiritual and emotional strength as the primary coping mechanism, time-management struggles, career aspirations, health decline, and mental health strain. The findings underscore the need for targeted financial assistance, culturally responsive academic support, inclusive teacher training, and stronger collaboration among educational institutions, government agencies, and community leaders to improve retention, academic success, and well-being among first-generation Indigenous students in marginalized island communities.

با وجود افزایش پژوهش‌ها درباره دانشجویان نسل اول، تحقیقات محدودی به بررسی چگونگی تأثیر تلاقی موانع اقتصادی، فرهنگی، زبانی و نهادی بر تجارب آموزش عالی دانشجویان بومی ساما نسل اول در تاوی-تاوی، فیلیپین پرداخته‌اند. بنابراین، این مطالعه به بررسی چالش‌های اقتصادی-اجتماعی پیش‌روی دانشجویان بومی ساما نسل اول که در تاوی-تاوی به تحصیلات عالی می‌پردازند، و تأثیر این چالش‌ها بر عملکرد تحصیلی و بهزیستی کلی آنان پرداخت. این پژوهش با رویکرد کیفی و طرح مطالعه موردی انجام شد. هفت دانشجوی کارشناسی سال چهارم نسل اول ساما که در یک مؤسسه آموزش عالی در تاوی-تاوی ثبت‌نام کرده بودند، با نمونه‌گیری هدفمند بر اساس قومیت، وضعیت نسل اول، ثبت‌نام در سال پایانی و محل سکونت انتخاب شدند. داده‌ها از طریق مصاحبه‌های نیمه‌ساختاریافته به مدت ۴۵ تا ۵۸ دقیقه جمع‌آوری شد که با رضایت شرکت‌کنندگان ضبط صوتی، رونویسی، پاک‌سازی و با استفاده از فرایند کدگذاری چهار مرحله‌ای شامل کدگذاری اولیه، شمارش فراوانی، دسته‌بندی و توسعه تم‌ها تحلیل گردید. این مطالعه با پرداختن به این خلأ، چهار چالش عمده را شناسایی کرد: مشکلات مالی و اقتصادی از جمله فقر، اضطراب شغلی و فقدان حمایت بورسیه؛ چالش‌های تحصیلی و نهادی مانند حجم بالای کار، آموزش معلم‌محور و شکاف‌های سواد؛ عوامل اجتماعی و فرهنگی شامل موانع زبانی، تبعیض و مقایسه اجتماعی؛ و شرایط خانوادگی و اقتصادی-اجتماعی مانند فقدان والدین، درآمد محدود و مسکن ناپایدار. پیامدها شامل قدرت معنوی و عاطفی به عنوان راهبرد اصلی مقابله، مشکلات مدیریت زمان، آرزوهای شغلی، افت سلامت و فشار روانی بود. یافته‌ها بر ضرورت حمایت مالی هدفمند، پشتیبانی تحصیلی متناسب با فرهنگ، آموزش فراگیر معلمان و همکاری قوی‌تر میان مؤسسات آموزشی، نهادهای دولتی و رهبران جامعه برای بهبود ماندگاری، موفقیت تحصیلی و بهزیستی دانشجویان بومی نسل اول در جوامع جزیره‌ای محروم تأکید دارد.

Against the background of artificial intelligence (AI) reshaping the labor market, employment anxiety among higher vocational college students is becoming increasingly prominent. Grounded in Career Construction Theory, this study aims to explore the relationship between AI literacy and employment anxiety among Chinese higher vocational college students, with a specific focus on the chain mediating roles of career planning and future time perspective. A total of 1,234 students from five industry-featured higher vocational colleges in Jiangxi Province, China, were surveyed using self-report scales measuring AI literacy, employment anxiety, career planning, and future time perspective. The relationships among these variables were tested using the PROCESS macro (Model 6) for SPSS. The results indicated that (1) all variables were significantly correlated with one another; (2) AI literacy exhibited a significant positive total association with employment anxiety, which decomposed into a substantial positive direct association and a negative total indirect association; (3) AI literacy exerted a significant negative indirect association on employment anxiety through three pathways, namely, the independent mediating roles of career planning and future time perspective, and their chain mediating role, while the total association remained positive. These findings suggest that while higher AI literacy may heighten students’ awareness of labor-market disruptions, its negative indirect associations with employment anxiety operate through enhanced career planning and future orientation. It is recommended that higher vocational colleges consider integrating AI literacy education into career guidance programs, strengthening students’ career planning competencies, and cultivating a long-term future orientation, so as to potentially strengthen the anxiety-buffering pathway associated with AI literacy.

در بستر تحول بازار کار توسط هوش مصنوعی (AI)، اضطراب شغلی در میان دانشجویان آموزش عالی فنی و حرفه‌ای به طور فزاینده‌ای برجسته می‌شود. این مطالعه که مبتنی بر نظریه ساخت شغلی است، با هدف بررسی رابطه بین سواد هوش مصنوعی و اضطراب شغلی در میان دانشجویان آموزش عالی فنی و حرفه‌ای چینی انجام شده است و به طور خاص بر نقش‌های میانجی زنجیره‌ای برنامه‌ریزی شغلی و چشم‌انداز زمانی آینده تمرکز دارد. در این پژوهش، مجموعاً ۱۲۳۴ دانشجو از پنج کالج آموزش عالی فنی و حرفه‌ای با ویژگی‌های صنعتی در استان جیانگشی چین با استفاده از مقیاس‌های خودگزارشی سنجش سواد هوش مصنوعی، اضطراب شغلی، برنامه‌ریزی شغلی و چشم‌انداز زمانی آینده مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. روابط میان این متغیرها با استفاده از ماکروی PROCESS (مدل ۶) در نرم‌افزار SPSS آزمون شد. نتایج نشان داد که (۱) تمامی متغیرها با یکدیگر همبستگی معناداری داشتند؛ (۲) سواد هوش مصنوعی ارتباط کلی مثبت معناداری با اضطراب شغلی نشان داد که به یک ارتباط مستقیم مثبت قابل توجه و یک ارتباط غیرمستقیم کلی منفی تجزیه شد؛ (۳) سواد هوش مصنوعی از طریق سه مسیر، یعنی نقش‌های میانجی مستقل برنامه‌ریزی شغلی و چشم‌انداز زمانی آینده و نقش میانجی زنجیره‌ای آن‌ها، تأثیر غیرمستقیم منفی معناداری بر اضطراب شغلی داشت، در حالی که ارتباط کلی همچنان مثبت باقی ماند. این یافته‌ها نشان می‌دهد که اگرچه سواد بالاتر هوش مصنوعی ممکن است آگاهی دانشجویان از اختلالات بازار کار را افزایش دهد، اما ارتباطات غیرمستقیم منفی آن با اضطراب شغلی از طریق تقویت برنامه‌ریزی شغلی و جهت‌گیری به آینده عمل می‌کند. توصیه می‌شود که کالج‌های آموزش عالی فنی و حرفه‌ای، آموزش سواد هوش مصنوعی را در برنامه‌های راهنمایی شغلی ادغام کرده، شایستگی‌های برنامه‌ریزی شغلی دانشجویان را تقویت نموده و جهت‌گیری بلندمدت به آینده را پرورش دهند تا بتوانند مسیر کاهش اضطراب مرتبط با سواد هوش مصنوعی را تقویت نمایند.

This article examines the relevance of the objectives of Islamic education as derived from the Qur’an and Hadith to the demands of modern education. Using a qualitative library research approach, the study analyzes primary Islamic sources, selected interpretations, and recent Indonesian scholarly literature on Islamic education, character formation, curriculum development, and digital-era learning. The analysis indicates that the objectives of Islamic education are holistic: developing faith and worship, noble character, intellectual capacity, social responsibility, and the human role as khalifah on earth. These objectives remain relevant to modern education because contemporary learning increasingly requires not only cognitive competence but also ethical judgment, collaboration, responsibility, critical thinking, digital literacy, and balanced personal development. The relevance is not achieved by reproducing classical educational forms unchanged, but by translating enduring Islamic values into contextual learning objectives, curriculum, pedagogy, assessment, and school culture. The study concludes that Qur’anic and Prophetic educational objectives can function as an ethical and spiritual foundation for modern education when integrated with contemporary knowledge, technology, and learner-centered approaches.

این مقاله به بررسی ارتباط اهداف آموزش اسلامی برگرفته از قرآن و حدیث با الزامات آموزش مدرن می‌پردازد. با استفاده از رویکرد پژوهش کتابخانه‌ای کیفی، این مطالعه منابع اولیه اسلامی، تفسیرهای منتخب و ادبیات علمی معاصر اندونزیایی در حوزه آموزش اسلامی، شکل‌گیری شخصیت، توسعه برنامه درسی و یادگیری در عصر دیجیتال را تحلیل می‌کند. تحلیل‌ها نشان می‌دهد که اهداف آموزش اسلامی جامع هستند: پرورش ایمان و عبادت، اخلاق نیکو، ظرفیت فکری، مسئولیت اجتماعی و نقش انسان به عنوان خلیفه در زمین. این اهداف همچنان برای آموزش مدرن مرتبط باقی می‌مانند، زیرا یادگیری معاصر نه تنها به شایستگی شناختی بلکه به قضاوت اخلاقی، همکاری، مسئولیت‌پذیری، تفکر انتقادی، سواد دیجیتال و رشد متعادل فردی نیاز دارد. این ارتباط از طریق بازتولید بدون تغییر اشکال آموزشی کلاسیک حاصل نمی‌شود، بلکه با ترجمه ارزش‌های پایدار اسلامی به اهداف یادگیری، برنامه درسی، روش تدریس، ارزشیابی و فرهنگ مدرسه متناسب با زمینه معاصر به دست می‌آید. مطالعه نتیجه می‌گیرد که اهداف آموزشی قرآنی و نبوی می‌توانند به عنوان بنیانی اخلاقی و معنوی برای آموزش مدرن عمل کنند، زمانی که با دانش معاصر، فناوری و رویکردهای یادگیرنده‌محور تلفیق شوند.

The rapid development of digital technology has transformed how elementary school children learn, communicate, and interact, presenting both opportunities and challenges for their education and moral development. From the perspective of Islamic education, children's technology use requires appropriate parental guidance to ensure that digital activities align with Islamic values. This study aims to explore parental mediation strategies, identify challenges in supervising children's digital activities, and examine the integration of Islamic educational values into digital parenting practices at SDN 01 Pontianak Utara. The novelty of this study lies in its examination of digital parenting through the integration of parental mediation, technology-assisted supervision, and Islamic educational values within the elementary school context. This study employed a descriptive qualitative approach with a field research design. Data were collected through participatory observation, in-depth interviews with parents and Islamic Education teachers, and documentation. Data analysis followed the Miles and Huberman interactive model, consisting of data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing, while source triangulation was applied to ensure data credibility. The findings identified three major challenges: limited parental digital literacy, inadequate supervision of children's digital activities, and the need for technology-assisted parental mediation through applications such as Google Family Link. Furthermore, the findings indicate that effective digital parenting requires more than technological restrictions, emphasizing collaboration between parents and schools alongside the integration of Islamic moral values. This study contributes to the development of Islamic digital parenting practices by highlighting the importance of combining technological supervision, parental guidance, and Islamic educational values to create a safer and more responsible digital environment for elementary school children.

توسعه سریع فناوری دیجیتال شیوه‌های یادگیری، ارتباط و تعامل کودکان دبستانی را دگرگون کرده است و فرصت‌ها و چالش‌هایی را برای آموزش و رشد اخلاقی آنان به همراه آورده است. از منظر آموزش اسلامی، استفاده کودکان از فناوری نیازمند راهنمایی مناسب والدین است تا فعالیت‌های دیجیتال آنان با ارزش‌های اسلامی همسو باشد. هدف این پژوهش، بررسی راهبردهای میانجی‌گری والدین، شناسایی چالش‌های نظارت بر فعالیت‌های دیجیتال کودکان و بررسی ادغام ارزش‌های تربیت اسلامی در شیوه‌های فرزندپروری دیجیتال در دبستان SDN 01 Pontianak Utara است. نوآوری این پژوهش در بررسی فرزندپروری دیجیتال از طریق ادغام میانجی‌گری والدین، نظارت مبتنی بر فناوری و ارزش‌های تربیت اسلامی در بستر دبستان نهفته است. این پژوهش با رویکرد کیفی توصیفی و طرح پژوهش میدانی انجام شده است. داده‌ها از طریق مشاهده مشارکتی، مصاحبه عمیق با والدین و معلمان آموزش اسلامی و اسناد گردآوری شد. تحلیل داده‌ها بر اساس مدل تعاملی Miles و Huberman شامل کاهش داده، نمایش داده و نتیجه‌گیری انجام شد و برای اطمینان از اعتبار داده‌ها از مثلث‌سازی منابع استفاده گردید. یافته‌ها سه چالش عمده را شناسایی کرد: سواد دیجیتال محدود والدین، نظارت ناکافی بر فعالیت‌های دیجیتال کودکان و نیاز به میانجی‌گری والدین با کمک فناوری از طریق برنامه‌هایی مانند Google Family Link. همچنین یافته‌ها نشان می‌دهد که فرزندپروری دیجیتال مؤثر فراتر از محدودیت‌های فناورانه است و بر همکاری والدین و مدرسه در کنار ادغام ارزش‌های اخلاقی اسلامی تأکید دارد. این پژوهش با برجسته‌سازی اهمیت ترکیب نظارت فناورانه، راهنمایی والدین و ارزش‌های تربیت اسلامی، به توسعه شیوه‌های فرزندپروری دیجیتال اسلامی برای ایجاد محیط دیجیتال ایمن‌تر و مسئولانه‌تر برای کودکان دبستانی کمک می‌کند.

This study examined how governance modalities shape institutional performance at The Polytechnic of Ibadan, Nigeria, amid governance deficiency and stakeholder disaffection in post-colonial technical education. Grounded in Fiedler's Contingency Theory, it addressed the empirical gap on decision-making effectiveness within this specific institutional context. A descriptive survey design was adopted as an institutional case study. The population comprised 305 administrative and academic staff stratified into top-level administrators (n = 25), middle-level managers (n = 68), and operational-level staff (n = 212). A sample of 173 respondents was selected via stratified random sampling using Yamane's formula. Data were collected through a researcher-designed questionnaire measuring participatory, consultative, directive, and digital-enabled decision-making alongside administrative effectiveness dimensions. The instrument demonstrated strong reliability (α = 0.87 and 0.84). Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, multiple regression, and one-way ANOVA were applied using SPSS v.26 at p ≤ 0.05. Findings revealed strong positive associations between participatory and consultative modalities (r = 0.72, p < 0.01), inverse relationships for directive structures (r = −0.34 to −0.28, p < 0.01–0.05), and moderate technological alignment (r = 0.58–0.61, p < 0.01). Regression confirmed participatory (β = 0.298), consultative (β = 0.251), and digital (β = 0.187) mechanisms as positive predictors, with directive governance (β = −0.142) as a negative predictor, explaining 55% of the variance (R² = 0.55, F = 24.87, p < 0.001). It recommends digital literacy training for administrators, formal feedback loops, evidence-based benchmarking, integrated change management with technology deployment, and participatory governance reforms to redress hierarchical asymmetries.

این پژوهش به بررسی چگونگی تأثیر شیوه‌های حکمرانی بر عملکرد نهادی در پلی‌تکنیک ایبادان، نیجریه، در شرایط کمبود حکمرانی و نارضایتی ذینفعان در آموزش فنی پس از استعمار می‌پردازد. این مطالعه مبتنی بر نظریه اقتضایی فیدلر بوده و به خلأ تجربی در زمینه اثربخشی تصمیم‌گیری در این بستر نهادی خاص می‌پردازد. طرح پژوهش توصیفی-پیمایشی به عنوان مطالعه موردی نهادی اتخاذ شد. جامعه آماری شامل ۳۰۵ نفر از کارکنان اداری و آموزشی بود که به سه طبقه مدیران عالی‌رتبه (n = 25)، مدیران میان‌رده (n = 68) و کارکنان عملیاتی (n = 212) تقسیم شدند. نمونه‌ای متشکل از ۱۷۳ نفر با استفاده از نمونه‌گیری تصادفی طبقه‌ای و فرمول یامانه انتخاب شد. داده‌ها از طریق پرسشنامه محقق‌ساخته که شیوه‌های تصمیم‌گیری مشارکتی، مشورتی، دستوری و مبتنی بر فناوری دیجیتال را در کنار ابعاد اثربخشی اداری اندازه‌گیری می‌کرد، گردآوری شد. ابزار پژوهش از پایایی بالایی برخوردار بود (α = 0.87 و 0.84). برای تحلیل داده‌ها از آمار توصیفی، همبستگی پیرسون، رگرسیون چندگانه و تحلیل واریانس یک‌طرفه با استفاده از نرم‌افزار SPSS نسخه ۲۶ در سطح معناداری p ≤ 0.05 استفاده شد. یافته‌ها نشان داد که بین شیوه‌های مشارکتی و مشورتی ارتباط مثبت قوی وجود دارد (r = 0.72, p < 0.01)، ساختارهای دستوری رابطه معکوس دارند (r = −0.34 تا −0.28, p < 0.01–0.05) و همسویی فناورانه در حد متوسط است (r = 0.58–0.61, p < 0.01). نتایج رگرسیون نشان داد که سازوکارهای مشارکتی (β = 0.298)، مشورتی (β = 0.251) و دیجیتال (β = 0.187) پیش‌بین‌های مثبت و حکمرانی دستوری (β = −0.142) پیش‌بین منفی عملکرد نهادی هستند و ۵۵٪ از واریانس را تبیین می‌کنند (R² = 0.55, F = 24.87, p < 0.001). بر اساس نتایج، آموزش سواد دیجیتال برای مدیران، ایجاد حلقه‌های بازخورد رسمی، الگوبرداری مبتنی بر شواهد، مدیریت تغییر یکپارچه با استقرار فناوری و اصلاحات حکمرانی مشارکتی برای رفع عدم تقارن سلسله‌مراتبی توصیه می‌شود.

This study explored the lived experiences of pre-service teachers during practice teaching using technology-based pedagogy and interactive digital tools. A qualitative phenomenological research design was employed to understand how pre-service teachers experienced, adapted to, and coped with technology integration in real classroom settings. The participants were five selected graduates of Sultan Kudarat State University–Lutayan Campus who completed their practice teaching during the Academic Year 2024–2025. Data were collected using a validated semi-structured interview guide and analyzed through thematic analysis. Findings revealed that pre-service teachers experienced professional growth as they integrated technology into their teaching. The use of interactive digital tools, including Quizizz and Kahoot!, supported more engaging, interactive, and student-centered classroom experiences. However, participants encountered challenges such as limited technological infrastructure, unstable internet connections, equipment malfunctions, and varying levels of student digital literacy. To address these challenges, pre-service teachers relied on mentorship, peer collaboration, online resources, backup plans, and alternative teaching strategies. These experiences strengthened their adaptability, problem-solving skills, resilience, and professional competence. The study concludes that technology-based pedagogy and interactive digital tools offer valuable opportunities for pre-service teachers to develop their instructional practices and professional competence, but effective implementation requires adequate technological resources, institutional support, and ongoing training.

این پژوهش به بررسی تجربه‌های زیسته‌ی دانشجومعلمان در طول تدریس عملی با استفاده از روش‌های تدریس مبتنی بر فناوری و ابزارهای دیجیتال تعاملی می‌پردازد. طرح پژوهش کیفی با رویکرد پدیدارشناسی به‌کار گرفته شد تا درک عمیقی از نحوه‌ی تجربه، سازگاری و مقابله‌ی دانشجومعلمان با ادغام فناوری در محیط‌های واقعی کلاس درس حاصل شود. مشارکت‌کنندگان شامل پنج نفر از فارغ‌التحصیلان منتخب دانشگاه دولتی سلطان کودارات–پردیس لوتایان بودند که دوره‌ی تدریس عملی خود را در سال تحصیلی ۲۰۲۴–۲۰۲۵ به پایان رساندند. داده‌ها با استفاده از راهنمای مصاحبه‌ی نیمه‌ساختاریافته‌ی اعتبارسنجی‌شده گردآوری و از طریق تحلیل تماتیک مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. یافته‌ها نشان داد که دانشجومعلمان با ادغام فناوری در تدریس خود، رشد حرفه‌ای را تجربه کردند. استفاده از ابزارهای دیجیتال تعاملی از جمله Quizizz و Kahoot! موجب ایجاد تجربه‌های کلاسی جذاب‌تر، تعاملی‌تر و دانش‌آموزمحور شد. با این حال، مشارکت‌کنندگان با چالش‌هایی مانند زیرساخت فناورانه‌ی محدود، اتصال ناپایدار اینترنت، خرابی تجهیزات و سطوح مختلف سواد دیجیتال دانش‌آموزان مواجه شدند. برای مقابله با این چالش‌ها، دانشجومعلمان از راهنمایی اساتید، همکاری با همتایان، منابع آنلاین، برنامه‌های جایگزین و راهبردهای تدریس جایگزین بهره گرفتند. این تجربه‌ها موجب تقویت سازگاری، مهارت‌های حل مسئله، تاب‌آوری و شایستگی حرفه‌ای آنان شد. نتیجه‌گیری پژوهش نشان می‌دهد که روش‌های تدریس مبتنی بر فناوری و ابزارهای دیجیتال تعاملی فرصت‌های ارزشمندی برای توسعه‌ی شیوه‌های آموزشی و شایستگی حرفه‌ای دانشجومعلمان فراهم می‌کند، اما اجرای مؤثر آن مستلزم منابع فناورانه‌ی کافی، حمایت نهادی و آموزش مستمر است.

Hadith literacy is an essential competency for young people in understanding Islamic teachings critically and contextually. The development of digital technology and social media has facilitated access to various sources of religious information while simultaneously increasing the risk of disseminating unauthentic hadiths, developing textual understandings, and promoting inaccurate religious interpretations. This Community Service (PkM) activity aimed to enhance young people's ability to understand, trace, verify, and interpret hadiths critically and contextually. The activity employed a Participatory Action Learning approach consisting of needs assessment, material delivery, practical hadith tracing, critical discussions, mentoring, and evaluation. The training materials covered the introduction to hadith sources, classification of hadith authenticity, takhrij al-hadith methods, verification of digital sources, contextual understanding of hadith, and ethical practices in disseminating religious information through social media. The results indicated an improvement in participants' understanding of how to identify hadith sources and assess their authenticity, as well as their ability to distinguish between reliable religious information and information requiring further verification. The training also encouraged participants to become more critical, reflective, and responsible in consuming and disseminating hadith-related information in digital spaces. Therefore, hadith literacy training can serve as an educational strategy for strengthening critical, moderate, and credible religious understanding among young people.

سواد حدیث یکی از شایستگی‌های اساسی برای جوانان در فهم انتقادی و زمینه‌ای آموزه‌های اسلامی است. توسعه فناوری دیجیتال و رسانه‌های اجتماعی، دسترسی به منابع مختلف اطلاعات دینی را تسهیل کرده و در عین حال خطر انتشار احادیث غیرمعتبر، شکل‌گیری برداشت‌های متنی و ترویج تفسیرهای نادرست دینی را افزایش داده است. این فعالیت خدمت‌رسانی به جامعه (PkM) با هدف ارتقای توانایی جوانان در فهم، پیگیری، راستی‌آزمایی و تفسیر انتقادی و زمینه‌ای احادیث انجام شد. این فعالیت با رویکرد یادگیری کنش مشارکتی شامل نیازسنجی، ارائه مطالب، تمرین عملی پیگیری حدیث، بحث‌های انتقادی، مشاوره و ارزیابی اجرا گردید. محتوای آموزشی شامل معرفی منابع حدیث، طبقه‌بندی اعتبار احادیث، روش‌های تخریج حدیث، راستی‌آزمایی منابع دیجیتال، فهم زمینه‌ای حدیث و رعایت اخلاق در انتشار اطلاعات دینی از طریق رسانه‌های اجتماعی بود. نتایج نشان داد که درک شرکت‌کنندگان از نحوه شناسایی منابع حدیث و ارزیابی اعتبار آن‌ها، همچنین توانایی تمایز بین اطلاعات دینی معتبر و اطلاعات نیازمند راستی‌آزمایی بیشتر، بهبود یافته است. این آموزش همچنین شرکت‌کنندگان را به مصرف و انتشار انتقادی، تأملی و مسئولانه اطلاعات مرتبط با حدیث در فضاهای دیجیتال ترغیب کرد. بنابراین، آموزش سواد حدیث می‌تواند به عنوان راهبردی آموزشی برای تقویت فهم دینی انتقادی، میانه‌رو و معتبر در میان جوانان مورد استفاده قرار گیرد.

Digital transformation has increased children's access to information and learning while exposing them to misinformation, privacy violations, inappropriate content, and cyberbullying. These challenges underscore the need for digital literacy education integrating technological competencies with Islamic ethical values. This community engagement program aims to strengthen students' digital literacy and online safety awareness through the Gerakan Anak Cerdas Digital (Smart Digital Children Movement) at SDN 02 Padangjaya. Employing a participatory educational approach, the program delivers a 60-minute training session integrating digital safety principles with Islamic values, including tabayyun (information verification), amanah (trustworthiness), adab (ethical communication), and ukhuwah (solidarity). Learning activities comprise interactive instruction, contextual discussions, question-and-answer sessions, and educational quizzes. Evaluation involves comprehension assessments and observations of student participation. The program is expected to enhance students' understanding of digital risks, responsible internet use, personal data protection, and ethical online interactions. Conceptually, this initiative introduces an integrative framework connecting digital literacy with Islamic character education in primary schools. Practically, it offers a contextual model for promoting safe and responsible digital behavior through collaborative engagement among schools, families, and communities, contributing to the development of ethically grounded digital citizenship among young learners.

تحول دیجیتال، دسترسی کودکان به اطلاعات و یادگیری را افزایش داده است، در حالی که آن‌ها را در معرض اطلاعات نادرست، نقض حریم خصوصی، محتوای نامناسب و زورگویی سایبری قرار می‌دهد. این چالش‌ها، ضرورت آموزش سواد دیجیتال را که شایستگی‌های فناورانه را با ارزش‌های اخلاقی اسلامی تلفیق می‌کند، برجسته می‌سازد. این برنامه مشارکتی با هدف تقویت سواد دیجیتال و آگاهی از ایمنی آنلاین دانش‌آموزان از طریق جنبش «کودکان هوشمند دیجیتال» (Gerakan Anak Cerdas Digital) در دبستان SDN 02 Padangjaya اجرا می‌شود. با بهره‌گیری از رویکرد آموزشی مشارکتی، این برنامه یک جلسه آموزشی ۶۰ دقیقه‌ای را ارائه می‌دهد که اصول ایمنی دیجیتال را با ارزش‌های اسلامی از جمله «تبیین» (راستی‌آزمایی اطلاعات)، «امانت‌داری»، «ادب» (ارتباط اخلاقی) و «اخوت» (همبستگی) ادغام می‌کند. فعالیت‌های یادگیری شامل آموزش تعاملی، بحث‌های زمینه‌ای، جلسات پرسش و پاسخ و آزمون‌های آموزشی است. ارزیابی از طریق سنجش میزان درک و مشاهده مشارکت دانش‌آموزان انجام می‌شود. انتظار می‌رود این برنامه موجب ارتقای درک دانش‌آموزان از خطرات دیجیتال، استفاده مسئولانه از اینترنت، حفاظت از داده‌های شخصی و تعاملات اخلاقی آنلاین شود. از منظر مفهومی، این ابتکار یک چارچوب تلفیقی را معرفی می‌کند که سواد دیجیتال را با تربیت شخصیتی اسلامی در مدارس ابتدایی پیوند می‌دهد. از منظر عملی، این برنامه یک الگوی زمینه‌محور برای ترویج رفتار دیجیتال ایمن و مسئولانه از طریق مشارکت مدارس، خانواده‌ها و جوامع ارائه می‌دهد و به توسعه شهروندی دیجیتال مبتنی بر اخلاق در میان یادگیرندگان جوان کمک می‌کند.

The rapid transformation of higher education through digital technologies has changed how students acquire, evaluate, interpret, and construct knowledge. In philological education, where linguistic evidence and textual interpretation are central, epistemic competence is increasingly essential. This article analyzes theoretical and pedagogical approaches to enhancing philology students’ epistemic competence in digital learning environments. Using conceptual analysis and a critical synthesis of scholarship on epistemic cognition, digital literacy, and technology-enhanced education, the study develops a five-dimensional framework encompassing cognitive-epistemic understanding, critical analysis, metacognitive reflection, digital research, and ethical communication. It discusses problem-based inquiry, corpus-based analysis, collaborative interpretation, reflective portfolios, and critical verification of AI-generated materials as instructional strategies. These approaches are presented as pedagogical propositions rather than experimentally validated outcomes. The article argues that digital tools can support responsible academic judgment when they are accompanied by explicit instruction in evidence evaluation, awareness of uncertainty, and academic integrity. The framework provides a basis for curriculum design and future empirical research in university philology programs.

تحول سریع آموزش عالی از طریق فناوری‌های دیجیتال، نحوه کسب، ارزیابی، تفسیر و ساخت دانش توسط دانشجویان را دگرگون کرده است. در آموزش زبان‌شناسی، که شواهد زبانی و تفسیر متون در آن نقش محوری دارد، شایستگی معرفتی اهمیت فزاینده‌ای یافته است. این مقاله رویکردهای نظری و آموزشی برای ارتقای شایستگی معرفتی دانشجویان زبان‌شناسی در محیط‌های یادگیری دیجیتال را تحلیل می‌کند. با بهره‌گیری از تحلیل مفهومی و ترکیب انتقادی پژوهش‌ها در حوزه‌های شناخت معرفتی، سواد دیجیتال و آموزش مبتنی بر فناوری، این مطالعه چارچوبی پنج‌بعدی شامل فهم شناختی-معرفتی، تحلیل انتقادی، بازتاب فراشناختی، پژوهش دیجیتال و ارتباطات اخلاقی ارائه می‌دهد. در این مقاله، راهبردهای آموزشی همچون پژوهش مبتنی بر مسئله، تحلیل مبتنی بر پیکره، تفسیر مشارکتی، پرتفوی‌های بازتابی و راستی‌آزمایی انتقادی مواد تولیدشده توسط هوش مصنوعی مورد بحث قرار می‌گیرد. این رویکردها به عنوان پیشنهادهای آموزشی و نه نتایج تجربی اعتبارسنجی‌شده ارائه شده‌اند. مقاله استدلال می‌کند که ابزارهای دیجیتال می‌توانند از قضاوت علمی مسئولانه حمایت کنند، مشروط بر آنکه با آموزش صریح در ارزیابی شواهد، آگاهی از عدم قطعیت و رعایت صداقت علمی همراه باشند. این چارچوب مبنایی برای طراحی برنامه درسی و پژوهش‌های تجربی آتی در برنامه‌های دانشگاهی زبان‌شناسی فراهم می‌کند.

This conceptual article explores practical ways in which college and university instructors can leverage artificial intelligence (AI) to support assessment as learning and develop students’ feedback literacy. Traditional assessment practices often focus on assessment for learning (informing instruction) or of learning (measuring outcomes), while assessment as learning—when students actively monitor and reflect on their own learning—receives less attention. AI can help instructors leverage assessment as a learning tool by generating work samples for student analysis and providing timely, actionable feedback that students can use to revise their work. When combined with instructor modeling, peer dialogue, and scaffolds such as guiding questions or graphic organizers, AI-supported feedback promotes metacognition, self-directed learning, and critical evaluation skills. The article provides practical guidance, including prompts and strategies for using AI to enhance student engagement with feedback, helping instructors create more efficient, effective, and student-centered practices that utilize assessments as learning tools.

این مقاله مفهومی به بررسی راهکارهای عملی می‌پردازد که اساتید دانشگاه‌ها و مؤسسات آموزش عالی می‌توانند از هوش مصنوعی (AI) برای حمایت از ارزشیابی به عنوان یادگیری و توسعه سواد بازخورد دانشجویان بهره‌مند شوند. شیوه‌های سنتی ارزشیابی عمدتاً بر ارزشیابی برای یادگیری (اطلاع‌رسانی به تدریس) یا ارزشیابی از یادگیری (سنجش پیامدها) تمرکز دارند، در حالی که ارزشیابی به عنوان یادگیری—زمانی که دانشجویان به طور فعال یادگیری خود را پایش و بازتاب می‌کنند—کمتر مورد توجه قرار گرفته است. هوش مصنوعی می‌تواند به اساتید کمک کند تا ارزشیابی را به عنوان ابزاری برای یادگیری به کار گیرند؛ از طریق تولید نمونه‌های کاری برای تحلیل دانشجویان و ارائه بازخورد به‌موقع و قابل اقدام که دانشجویان بتوانند برای بازنگری کار خود از آن استفاده کنند. هنگامی که این بازخورد مبتنی بر هوش مصنوعی با الگو‌سازی استاد، گفت‌وگوی همتایان و حمایت‌هایی مانند سؤالات راهنما یا سازمان‌دهنده‌های تصویری ترکیب شود، موجب ارتقای فراشناخت، یادگیری خودراهبر و مهارت‌های ارزیابی انتقادی می‌شود. این مقاله راهنمایی‌های عملی، از جمله نمونه‌های پرسش و راهبردهایی برای استفاده از هوش مصنوعی جهت افزایش مشارکت دانشجویان با بازخورد ارائه می‌دهد و به اساتید کمک می‌کند تا شیوه‌هایی کارآمدتر، مؤثرتر و دانشجو‌محورتر را که از ارزشیابی به عنوان ابزار یادگیری بهره می‌برند، ایجاد کنند.

Evaluation and assessment are integral components of modern biology education, serving not only to measure final learning outcomes but also to support continuous learning processes. This study aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the relationship among assessment instrument development, assessment result analysis, and biology teacher competence. A literature review method with a qualitative descriptive approach was employed. Data collection involved analyzing scientific articles published between 2020 and 2025 from various databases, including Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, and ERIC. The findings indicate that: (1) biology assessment instrument development currently focuses on measuring complex competencies, such as scientific literacy, higher-order thinking skills (HOTS), and genetic literacy; (2) the analysis of assessment results through validity, reliability, item difficulty, discrimination power, and distractor effectiveness is crucial to ensuring item quality; and (3) biology teachers play a strategic role encompassing conceptual, practical, and socio-emotional assessment literacy to design, implement, interpret, and utilize assessment results as a basis for feedback and instructional improvement. In conclusion, the integration of valid instruments, systematic item analysis, and adequate teacher assessment literacy is key to achieving quality biology education oriented toward holistic student competency development.

ارزیابی و سنجش از اجزای جدایی‌ناپذیر آموزش زیست‌شناسی مدرن به‌شمار می‌روند که نه‌تنها برای سنجش نتایج نهایی یادگیری بلکه برای حمایت از فرآیندهای یادگیری مستمر نیز به‌کار می‌روند. هدف این پژوهش ارائه مروری جامع بر ارتباط میان توسعه ابزارهای سنجش، تحلیل نتایج ارزشیابی و شایستگی معلمان زیست‌شناسی است. روش پژوهش مرور متون با رویکرد توصیفی-کیفی بوده است. گردآوری داده‌ها از طریق تحلیل مقالات علمی منتشرشده بین سال‌های 2020 تا 2025 از پایگاه‌های مختلف از جمله Google Scholar، ScienceDirect و ERIC انجام شده است. یافته‌ها نشان می‌دهد: (1) توسعه ابزارهای سنجش زیست‌شناسی در حال حاضر بر سنجش شایستگی‌های پیچیده‌ای مانند سواد علمی، مهارت‌های تفکر سطح‌بالا (HOTS) و سواد ژنتیکی متمرکز است؛ (2) تحلیل نتایج ارزشیابی از طریق روایی، پایایی، دشواری سؤال، قدرت تمایز و اثربخشی گزینه‌های انحرافی برای تضمین کیفیت سؤال‌ها حیاتی است؛ و (3) معلمان زیست‌شناسی نقش راهبردی دربرگیرنده سواد ارزشیابی مفهومی، عملی و اجتماعی-هیجانی دارند تا بتوانند نتایج ارزشیابی را طراحی، اجرا، تفسیر و به‌عنوان مبنایی برای بازخورد و بهبود آموزشی به‌کار گیرند. در نتیجه، ادغام ابزارهای معتبر، تحلیل نظام‌مند سؤال‌ها و سواد ارزشیابی کافی معلمان، کلید دستیابی به آموزش زیست‌شناسی باکیفیت و مبتنی بر توسعه شایستگی جامع دانش‌آموزان است.

Athletes experience mental health difficulties at rates comparable to or exceeding those of the general population, yet disclosure and help-seeking are often constrained by stigma and performance-oriented norms. This study evaluated a brief, retired-athlete–led, team-embedded mental health literacy (MHL) session and examined changes in MHL, perceived psychological safety, and help-seeking intention among athletes from two Japanese competitive sport teams in the women’s category. Thirty-four athletes (badminton, volleyball) attended a 90-min session integrating psychoeducation and facilitated team dialogue delivered by retired athletes who had completed facilitator training in mental health literacy. Using a single-group pre–post–2-month follow-up design, outcomes were assessed at baseline, immediately post-session, and follow-up. Mixed-effects models estimated change over time, with exploratory stratification by baseline psychological strain measured with the Athlete Psychological Strain Questionnaire (APSQ). MHL improved from baseline to post-session and remained higher at follow-up (standardised mean changes of 0.72 and 0.65, respectively). Perceived psychological safety also increased and was maintained (0.65 and 0.59). Exploratory subgroup estimates varied by baseline strain, although time × strain-group interactions were not statistically significant. The proportion endorsing likely/very likely help-seeking increased descriptively (41%, 53%, 50%) but showed no clear time effects. These preliminary findings support further controlled and implementation-oriented evaluation of retired-athlete–led delivery and downstream help-seeking behaviour.

ورزشکاران با نرخ‌هایی مشابه یا حتی بالاتر از جمعیت عمومی با مشکلات سلامت روان مواجه می‌شوند، اما افشاگری و جستجوی کمک اغلب به دلیل انگ و هنجارهای عملکردمحور محدود می‌شود. این مطالعه یک جلسه کوتاه سواد سلامت روان (MHL) با هدایت ورزشکار بازنشسته و تیم‌محور را ارزیابی کرده و تغییرات در MHL، ایمنی روان‌شناختی ادراک‌شده و قصد جستجوی کمک را در میان ورزشکاران دو تیم ورزشی رقابتی زنانه ژاپنی بررسی کرد. سی‌وچهار ورزشکار (بدمینتون، والیبال) در یک جلسه ۹۰ دقیقه‌ای شرکت کردند که آموزش روانی و گفت‌وگوی تسهیل‌شده تیمی را با هدایت ورزشکاران بازنشسته‌ای که آموزش تسهیل‌گری در سواد سلامت روان را گذرانده بودند، ادغام می‌کرد. با استفاده از طرح تک‌گروهی پیش‌آزمون–پس‌آزمون–پیگیری دوماهه، پیامدها در خط پایه، بلافاصله پس از جلسه و در پیگیری ارزیابی شدند. مدل‌های اثرات مختلط تغییرات در طول زمان را برآورد کردند و طبقه‌بندی اکتشافی بر اساس فشار روانی اولیه با استفاده از پرسشنامه فشار روانی ورزشکار (APSQ) انجام شد. MHL از خط پایه تا پس از جلسه بهبود یافت و در پیگیری نیز بالاتر باقی ماند (تغییرات میانگین استانداردشده به ترتیب ۰٫۷۲ و ۰٫۶۵). ایمنی روان‌شناختی ادراک‌شده نیز افزایش یافت و حفظ شد (۰٫۶۵ و ۰٫۵۹). برآوردهای اکتشافی زیرگروه‌ها بر اساس فشار اولیه متفاوت بود، اگرچه تعاملات زمان × گروه فشار از نظر آماری معنادار نبودند. نسبت افرادی که جستجوی کمک را محتمل/بسیار محتمل اعلام کردند به طور توصیفی افزایش یافت (۴۱٪، ۵۳٪، ۵۰٪) اما اثر زمانی مشخصی نشان نداد. این یافته‌های مقدماتی از ارزیابی‌های کنترل‌شده‌تر و با رویکرد پیاده‌سازی برای ارائه با هدایت ورزشکار بازنشسته و رفتار جستجوی کمک در آینده حمایت می‌کند.

This study aims to analyze the characteristics of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) concepts integrated into literacy and science assessment based on the standards of the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA), as well as to develop a contextual and applicable assessment design appropriate to the characteristics of students at SMP PGRI 5 Denpasar. The study employed a mixed-methods approach with an exploratory sequential design. The participants consisted of 116 students and 6 teachers. Data were collected through observations, interviews, document analysis, questionnaires, and expert validation. Data analysis involved qualitative analysis, the Gregory validity index, empirical validity, and instrument reliability analysis. The findings indicate that STEM-PISA assessment characteristics include the use of contextual stimuli based on real-world problems, the utilization of data and graphs, higher-order reasoning, cross-disciplinary integration, varied response formats, and assessment of thinking processes. The developed assessment design integrates science, technology, engineering, and mathematics through authentic contexts, data literacy, problem-solving, and assessment rubrics. Students’ perceptions obtained a mean score of 3.96, while teachers’ perceptions reached 4.42 on a five-point scale, indicating that the assessment design was considered relevant and acceptable for supporting contextual learning and assessment.

هدف این پژوهش تحلیل ویژگی‌های مفاهیم علوم، فناوری، مهندسی و ریاضیات (STEM) ادغام‌شده در ارزشیابی سواد و علوم بر اساس استانداردهای برنامه ارزیابی بین‌المللی دانش‌آموزان (PISA) و همچنین توسعه یک طرح ارزشیابی زمینه‌محور و کاربردی متناسب با ویژگی‌های دانش‌آموزان دبیرستان PGRI 5 دنپاسار است. این پژوهش با رویکرد روش‌های ترکیبی و با طرح توالی اکتشافی انجام شد. شرکت‌کنندگان شامل ۱۱۶ دانش‌آموز و ۶ معلم بودند. داده‌ها از طریق مشاهده، مصاحبه، تحلیل اسناد، پرسشنامه و اعتبارسنجی خبرگان گردآوری شد. تحلیل داده‌ها شامل تحلیل کیفی، شاخص روایی Gregory، روایی تجربی و تحلیل پایایی ابزار بود. یافته‌ها نشان می‌دهد که ویژگی‌های ارزشیابی STEM-PISA شامل استفاده از محرک‌های زمینه‌ای مبتنی بر مسائل واقعی، بهره‌گیری از داده‌ها و نمودارها، استدلال سطوح بالاتر، ادغام میان‌رشته‌ای، قالب‌های پاسخ متنوع و ارزشیابی فرایندهای تفکر است. طرح ارزشیابی توسعه‌یافته، علوم، فناوری، مهندسی و ریاضیات را از طریق زمینه‌های اصیل، سواد داده، حل مسئله و روبریک‌های ارزشیابی ادغام می‌کند. میانگین نمره ادراک دانش‌آموزان ۳.۹۶ و ادراک معلمان ۴.۴۲ در مقیاس پنج‌درجه‌ای به دست آمد که نشان‌دهنده مرتبط و قابل قبول بودن طرح ارزشیابی برای حمایت از یادگیری و ارزشیابی زمینه‌محور است.

This study aimed to describe the implementation of simulation game techniques based on Experiential Learning through classical guidance services to develop emotion regulation among seventh-grade students. The study was motivated by the developmental needs of students related to social responsibility and the importance of managing emotional responses in social interactions. This study employed Guidance and Counseling Action Research (PTBK) conducted in three cycles, each consisting of planning, action, observation, and reflection. The participants were 32 students of class VII-E at SMP Negeri 13 Madiun. The intervention applied Experiential Learning through different simulation games in each cycle, namely Guess the Emotional Situation in Cycle I, Emotion Snakes and Ladders in Cycle II, and Attitude Puzzle Relay in Cycle III. Data were collected through observation, student worksheets, reflections, and documentation, and were analyzed descriptively and qualitatively by comparing developments across cycles. The results showed a progressive development in students' emotion regulation. In Cycle I, students began to recognize emotions and their triggering situations. In Cycle II, students began to understand the relationship between situations, emotions, and emotional reactions. In Cycle III, students demonstrated the ability to consider alternative responses, explain the reasons for their choices, and understand the impact of their responses on themselves and others. These findings indicate that simulation games based on Experiential Learning can be used as an alternative approach in classical guidance services to facilitate students' gradual development of emotion regulation through concrete experiences, reflection, understanding, and application.

هدف این پژوهش توصیف اجرای فنون بازی شبیه‌سازی مبتنی بر یادگیری تجربی از طریق خدمات راهنمایی کلاسیک به منظور توسعه تنظیم هیجان در میان دانش‌آموزان پایه هفتم بود. انگیزه این پژوهش، نیازهای رشدی دانش‌آموزان مرتبط با مسئولیت‌پذیری اجتماعی و اهمیت مدیریت پاسخ‌های هیجانی در تعاملات اجتماعی بود. این پژوهش با استفاده از روش پژوهش اقدام راهنمایی و مشاوره (PTBK) در سه چرخه انجام شد که هر چرخه شامل برنامه‌ریزی، اقدام، مشاهده و تأمل بود. شرکت‌کنندگان شامل ۳۲ دانش‌آموز کلاس VII-E در دبیرستان دولتی شماره ۱۳ Madiun بودند. مداخله با به‌کارگیری یادگیری تجربی از طریق بازی‌های شبیه‌سازی متفاوت در هر چرخه اجرا شد؛ به‌طوری که در چرخه اول بازی «حدس موقعیت هیجانی»، در چرخه دوم بازی «مار و پله هیجانی» و در چرخه سوم بازی «پازل امدادی نگرش» مورد استفاده قرار گرفت. داده‌ها از طریق مشاهده، برگه‌های کار دانش‌آموزان، تأملات و مستندسازی گردآوری و به صورت توصیفی و کیفی با مقایسه پیشرفت‌ها در چرخه‌های مختلف تحلیل شد. نتایج نشان داد که توسعه تدریجی در تنظیم هیجان دانش‌آموزان مشاهده گردید. در چرخه اول، دانش‌آموزان شروع به شناسایی هیجان‌ها و موقعیت‌های برانگیزاننده آن‌ها کردند. در چرخه دوم، دانش‌آموزان رابطه بین موقعیت‌ها، هیجان‌ها و واکنش‌های هیجانی را درک کردند. در چرخه سوم، دانش‌آموزان توانایی در نظر گرفتن پاسخ‌های جایگزین، توضیح دلایل انتخاب‌های خود و درک تأثیر پاسخ‌هایشان بر خود و دیگران را نشان دادند. این یافته‌ها نشان می‌دهد که بازی‌های شبیه‌سازی مبتنی بر یادگیری تجربی می‌تواند به عنوان رویکردی جایگزین در خدمات راهنمایی کلاسیک برای تسهیل توسعه تدریجی تنظیم هیجان دانش‌آموزان از طریق تجارب عینی، تأمل، درک و کاربرد مورد استفاده قرار گیرد.

This study aims to provide an in depth description of the utilization of Learning Management Systems (LMS), such as Google Classroom, in post-pandemic Early Childhood Education (PAUD) learning, and to examine the functions, negotiations, and challenges encountered in the field. Employing a qualitative approach with a case study design at RA Al Muttaqien, data were collected through semi-structured interviews with the school principal, who also serves as an educator, and were supplemented by observation and institutional document analysis. Data analysis was conducted using an interactive model consisting of data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The main findings indicate that the use of Google Classroom operates in a selective and adaptive manner, primarily functioning as a digital archive for evidence of home-based practical activities to address device memory limitations. In contrast, daily communication and assessment continue to rely on WhatsApp and the Digital Madrasah Report (Raport Digital Madrasah/RDM). This pattern emerged through fluid negotiation processes in navigating constraints related to limited storage quotas and varying levels of parents’ digital literacy readiness, which ranged from 60 to 90 percent. This research contributes to expanding theoretical understanding of the integration of the TPACK framework and school-family partnerships at the early childhood education level. The findings imply the need for sustainable institutional policies in managing digital infrastructure and more contextual guidelines for documenting learning processes. Further research is recommended to involve a broader range of subjects or to compare inclusive and non-inclusive institutions.

این پژوهش با هدف ارائهٔ توصیفی عمیق از بهره‌برداری از سامانه‌های مدیریت یادگیری (LMS) مانند Google Classroom در آموزش پیش‌دبستانی (PAUD) پس از همه‌گیری و بررسی کارکردها، مذاکرات و چالش‌های موجود در این زمینه انجام شده‌است. این مطالعه با رویکرد کیفی و طراحی مطالعه موردی در RA Al Muttaqien صورت گرفته و داده‌ها از طریق مصاحبه‌های نیمه‌ساختاریافته با مدیر مدرسه که همزمان نقش آموزگار را نیز ایفا می‌کند، جمع‌آوری و با مشاهده و تحلیل اسناد نهادی تکمیل شده‌است. تحلیل داده‌ها با استفاده از مدل تعاملی شامل کاهش داده، نمایش داده و نتیجه‌گیری انجام شده‌است. یافته‌های اصلی نشان می‌دهد که استفاده از Google Classroom به‌صورت گزینشی و انطباقی انجام می‌شود و عمدتاً به‌عنوان آرشیو دیجیتال برای مستندسازی شواهد فعالیت‌های عملی مبتنی بر خانه جهت رفع محدودیت حافظه دستگاه‌ها به کار می‌رود. در مقابل، ارتباطات روزانه و ارزیابی‌ها همچنان بر WhatsApp و گزارش دیجیتال مدرسه (Raport Digital Madrasah/RDM) متکی است. این الگو از طریق فرآیندهای مذاکره سیال در مواجهه با محدودیت‌های مربوط به سهمیه ذخیره‌سازی و سطوح مختلف آمادگی سواد دیجیتال والدین که بین ۶۰ تا ۹۰ درصد متغیر بود، شکل گرفته‌است. این پژوهش به گسترش فهم نظری از ادغام چارچوب TPACK و مشارکت مدرسه و خانواده در سطح آموزش پیش‌دبستانی کمک می‌کند. یافته‌ها بر ضرورت سیاست‌های نهادی پایدار در مدیریت زیرساخت دیجیتال و دستورالعمل‌های زمینه‌ای‌تر برای مستندسازی فرآیندهای یادگیری دلالت دارد. انجام پژوهش‌های بیشتر با مشارکت دامنه وسیع‌تری از آزمودنی‌ها یا مقایسه مؤسسات فراگیر و غیر فراگیر توصیه می‌شود.

Educational transformation in the digital era requires a shift in the learning paradigm that emphasizes not only mastery of subject matter but also the development of students' creativity, critical thinking, digital literacy, and other essential competencies. The implementation of the Merdeka Curriculum provides greater flexibility for educational institutions and teachers to design learning activities according to students' needs while utilizing technological developments. Within this context, the integration of digital technology and Artificial Intelligence (AI) has the potential to accelerate the transformation of learning practices. This study aims to analyze the transformation of the Merdeka Curriculum through the integration of technology and Artificial Intelligence in learning, while identifying its impacts, opportunities, challenges, and implications for the roles of teachers and students' learning experiences. This research employs a qualitative approach using a literature review method. Data were obtained through the examination of books, scholarly journal articles, educational policy documents, and academic publications relevant to the Merdeka Curriculum, educational technology, and Artificial Intelligence in education. The data were analyzed using a descriptive-analytical approach by identifying, classifying, comparing, and synthesizing relevant findings from the literature. The results indicate that the integration of technology and AI can broaden access to learning resources, support more personalized and adaptive learning, assist teachers in developing instructional materials and assessments, and facilitate project-based learning and the development of twenty-first-century skills. Nevertheless, this transformation also presents several challenges, including unequal access to technology, disparities in teachers' digital competencies, the reliability of AI-generated information, data privacy concerns, potential student dependency on technology, and ethical issues related to academic integrity. Therefore, the integration of technology and AI within the Merdeka Curriculum should be positioned as a pedagogical instrument that supports educational objectives rather than as a replacement for teachers. Sustainable curriculum transformation requires strengthening teachers' digital and pedagogical competencies, establishing clear policies for the responsible use of AI, developing students' AI literacy, and implementing technology in ways that remain oriented toward human development and educational needs.

تحول آموزشی در عصر دیجیتال مستلزم تغییر در پارادایم یادگیری است که نه تنها بر تسلط بر محتوای درسی تأکید دارد، بلکه بر توسعهٔ خلاقیت، تفکر انتقادی، سواد دیجیتال و سایر شایستگی‌های اساسی دانش‌آموزان نیز تمرکز می‌کند. اجرای برنامهٔ درسی مردکا انعطاف‌پذیری بیشتری را برای مؤسسات آموزشی و معلمان فراهم می‌کند تا فعالیت‌های یادگیری را متناسب با نیازهای دانش‌آموزان و با بهره‌گیری از پیشرفت‌های فناوری طراحی کنند. در این زمینه، ادغام فناوری دیجیتال و هوش مصنوعی (AI) پتانسیل تسریع تحول در شیوه‌های یادگیری را دارد. هدف این پژوهش، تحلیل تحول برنامهٔ درسی مردکا از طریق ادغام فناوری و هوش مصنوعی در آموزش و شناسایی تأثیرات، فرصت‌ها، چالش‌ها و پیامدهای آن برای نقش معلمان و تجارب یادگیری دانش‌آموزان است. این پژوهش با رویکرد کیفی و با استفاده از روش مرور ادبیات انجام شده است. داده‌ها از طریق بررسی کتاب‌ها، مقالات علمی-پژوهشی، اسناد سیاست‌گذاری آموزشی و انتشارات دانشگاهی مرتبط با برنامهٔ درسی مردکا، فناوری آموزشی و هوش مصنوعی در آموزش گردآوری شده‌اند. داده‌ها با رویکرد توصیفی-تحلیلی و از طریق شناسایی، طبقه‌بندی، مقایسه و تلفیق یافته‌های مرتبط از منابع مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. نتایج نشان می‌دهد که ادغام فناوری و هوش مصنوعی می‌تواند دسترسی به منابع یادگیری را گسترش دهد، از یادگیری شخصی‌سازی‌شده و تطبیقی حمایت کند، به معلمان در توسعهٔ مواد آموزشی و ارزشیابی‌ها یاری رساند و یادگیری مبتنی بر پروژه و توسعهٔ مهارت‌های قرن بیست‌ویکم را تسهیل کند. با این حال، این تحول با چالش‌هایی نیز همراه است؛ از جمله دسترسی نابرابر به فناوری، تفاوت در شایستگی‌های دیجیتال معلمان، پایایی اطلاعات تولیدشده توسط هوش مصنوعی، نگرانی‌های مربوط به حریم خصوصی داده‌ها، احتمال وابستگی دانش‌آموزان به فناوری و مسائل اخلاقی مرتبط با صداقت علمی. بنابراین، ادغام فناوری و هوش مصنوعی در برنامهٔ درسی مردکا باید به عنوان ابزاری آموزشی در خدمت اهداف تربیتی و نه جایگزین معلم تلقی شود. تحول پایدار برنامهٔ درسی مستلزم تقویت شایستگی‌های دیجیتال و آموزشی معلمان، تدوین سیاست‌های شفاف برای استفادهٔ مسئولانه از هوش مصنوعی، توسعهٔ سواد هوش مصنوعی در دانش‌آموزان و به‌کارگیری فناوری به گونه‌ای است که همچنان بر رشد انسانی و نیازهای آموزشی متمرکز باشد.

Science learning at the junior secondary school (SMP) level plays a strategic role in developing students’ scientific literacy and critical thinking skills; however, its implementation continues to face various structural and pedagogical challenges. This study aims to analyze the problems of science learning at the SMP level in Parigi Moutong Regency from the perspective of science teachers as curriculum implementers in the field. A descriptive qualitative approach was employed, involving ten science teachers from ten public junior secondary schools distributed across several sub-districts with varying accreditation levels of A, B, and C. Data were collected using an instrument combining a four-point Likert scale and open-ended questions covering four aspects: scientific literacy, learning conditions, technology utilization, and virtual laboratory experience. The data were analyzed thematically through the stages of data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The findings indicate that the main problems include low levels of students’ scientific literacy and critical thinking skills, learning that tends to emphasize procedural mastery of concepts and remains teacher-centered, limited laboratory facilities and practical equipment, and suboptimal utilization of digital technology, although most teachers are familiar with virtual laboratories such as PhET. Science teachers expressed the need for capacity building through training, integration of STEM-based Problem-Based Learning and Project-Based Learning models, and more systematic utilization of virtual laboratories. These findings provide a basis for strengthening teacher competencies and developing contextual learning innovations that are responsive to regional conditions.

آموزش علوم در مقطع متوسطه اول نقش راهبردی در توسعه سواد علمی و مهارت‌های تفکر انتقادی دانش‌آموزان ایفا می‌کند؛ با این حال، اجرای آن همچنان با چالش‌های ساختاری و آموزشی متعددی مواجه است. هدف این پژوهش تحلیل مسائل آموزش علوم در مقطع متوسطه اول شهرستان پاریگی موتونگ از منظر دبیران علوم به عنوان مجریان برنامه درسی در میدان عمل است. این مطالعه با رویکرد کیفی توصیفی انجام شده و شامل ده دبیر علوم از ده مدرسه متوسطه اول دولتی در مناطق مختلف با سطوح اعتبارسنجی A، B و C می‌باشد. داده‌ها با استفاده از ابزاری ترکیبی شامل مقیاس لیکرت چهار گزینه‌ای و پرسش‌های باز در چهار محور سواد علمی، شرایط یادگیری، بهره‌گیری از فناوری و تجربه آزمایشگاه مجازی گردآوری شد. داده‌ها به صورت موضوعی و از طریق مراحل کاهش داده، نمایش داده و نتیجه‌گیری تحلیل شدند. یافته‌ها نشان می‌دهد که مسائل اصلی شامل پایین بودن سطح سواد علمی و مهارت‌های تفکر انتقادی دانش‌آموزان، آموزش مبتنی بر تسلط رویه‌ای بر مفاهیم و محوریت معلم، محدودیت امکانات آزمایشگاهی و تجهیزات عملی و استفاده ناکافی از فناوری دیجیتال است، هرچند اکثر دبیران با آزمایشگاه‌های مجازی مانند PhET آشنایی دارند. دبیران علوم نیاز به توانمندسازی از طریق آموزش، ادغام الگوهای یادگیری مبتنی بر مسئله و پروژه با رویکرد STEM و بهره‌گیری نظام‌مندتر از آزمایشگاه‌های مجازی را ابراز کردند. این یافته‌ها مبنایی برای تقویت شایستگی‌های معلمان و توسعه نوآوری‌های آموزشی زمینه‌مند و متناسب با شرایط منطقه‌ای فراهم می‌کند.

This article introduces students to sociology as both a way of thinking and a set of skills to understand the social world. Using the Sociological Literacy Framework (SLF), we outline key sociological concepts: the sociological eye, social structure, socialization, stratification, social change and social reproduction. We show readers how sociologists apply these concepts to a central social issue: unemployment. Sociology shifts us from individualized to social explanations, encouraging us to recognize social patterns that shape social outcomes, like inequality. In addition, we highlight core sociological skills: applying theory, evaluating evidence, and analyzing data, which enable students to critically think about social phenomena and engage policy debates. Sociology is a field that equips students to develop critical thinking around the social forces shaping their lives.

این مقاله دانشجویان را با جامعه‌شناسی به‌عنوان شیوه‌ای از اندیشیدن و مجموعه‌ای از مهارت‌ها برای فهم جهان اجتماعی آشنا می‌کند. با استفاده از چارچوب سواد جامعه‌شناختی (SLF)، مفاهیم کلیدی جامعه‌شناسی شامل چشم جامعه‌شناختی، ساختار اجتماعی، اجتماعی‌شدن، قشربندی، تغییر اجتماعی و بازتولید اجتماعی را تبیین می‌کنیم. به خوانندگان نشان می‌دهیم که جامعه‌شناسان چگونه این مفاهیم را در ارتباط با یک مسئله اجتماعی محوری، یعنی بیکاری، به کار می‌برند. جامعه‌شناسی ما را از تبیین‌های فردی به تبیین‌های اجتماعی سوق می‌دهد و ما را به شناسایی الگوهای اجتماعی که نتایج اجتماعی مانند نابرابری را شکل می‌دهند، ترغیب می‌کند. افزون بر این، مهارت‌های اساسی جامعه‌شناسی شامل به‌کارگیری نظریه، ارزیابی شواهد و تحلیل داده‌ها را برجسته می‌کنیم که دانشجویان را قادر می‌سازد پدیده‌های اجتماعی را به‌طور انتقادی بررسی کرده و در مباحث سیاست‌گذاری مشارکت کنند. جامعه‌شناسی حوزه‌ای است که دانشجویان را برای پرورش تفکر انتقادی پیرامون نیروهای اجتماعی شکل‌دهنده زندگی‌شان توانمند می‌سازد.

Adolescent depression and anxiety symptoms are major health concerns, and the family environment plays a critical role. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between parental mental health literacy (PMHL) and adolescent depression and anxiety scores. Based on cross-sectional data from the 2023 Guangdong Adolescent Mental Health Survey, the study included 4,697 pairs of adolescents and their primary caregivers. Questionnaires were used to assess PMHL and adolescents’ levels of depression and anxiety, and weighted linear regression, restricted cubic splines, and subgroup analyses were employed. For every 1-point increase in PMHL, adolescents’ depression scores decreased by 0.033 and anxiety scores by 0.034 (both P < 0.05). The high PMHL group had significantly lower depression and anxiety scores than the low PMHL group. The dose-response relationship was linear. Subgroup analysis revealed interaction effects involving boarding status, mobile phone usage duration, and educational level. Higher PMHL is significantly associated with a lower risk of depression and anxiety among adolescents. Enhancing PMHL may help prevent and intervene in adolescent emotional problems; longitudinal studies are needed to verify the causal relationship.

علائم افسردگی و اضطراب در نوجوانان از نگرانی‌های عمده سلامت محسوب می‌شوند و محیط خانواده نقش حیاتی ایفا می‌کند. هدف این مطالعه بررسی رابطه بین سواد سلامت روانی والدین (PMHL) و نمرات افسردگی و اضطراب نوجوانان بود. بر اساس داده‌های مقطعی حاصل از پیمایش سلامت روان نوجوانان گوانگ‌دونگ ۲۰۲۳، مطالعه حاضر شامل ۴٬۶۹۷ جفت نوجوان و مراقب اصلی آن‌ها بود. برای ارزیابی PMHL و سطوح افسردگی و اضطراب نوجوانان از پرسشنامه استفاده شد و رگرسیون خطی وزنی، اسپلاین مکعبی محدود و تحلیل‌های زیرگروه به کار گرفته شد. به ازای هر افزایش یک واحدی در PMHL، نمره افسردگی نوجوانان به میزان ۰٫۰۳۳ و نمره اضطراب به میزان ۰٫۰۳۴ کاهش یافت (هر دو P < 0.05). گروه دارای PMHL بالا به طور معناداری نمرات افسردگی و اضطراب پایین‌تری نسبت به گروه دارای PMHL پایین داشتند. رابطه دوز-پاسخ خطی بود. تحلیل زیرگروه‌ها اثرات متقابل وضعیت شبانه‌روزی بودن، مدت زمان استفاده از تلفن همراه و سطح تحصیلات را نشان داد. PMHL بالاتر به طور معناداری با کاهش خطر افسردگی و اضطراب در نوجوانان مرتبط است. ارتقای PMHL می‌تواند به پیشگیری و مداخله در مشکلات هیجانی نوجوانان کمک کند؛ مطالعات طولی برای بررسی رابطه علّی مورد نیاز است.

This study aims to analyze the cognitive levels of reading exercises presented in the English textbook “Work in Progress” published by the Ministry of Education using the framework of Revised Bloom’s Taxonomy. This research employs a qualitative content analysis method to examine the distribution of cognitive processes reflected in the reading tasks. The data were collected from selected reading exercises in the textbook and categorized into six cognitive levels: remembering, understanding, applying, analyzing, evaluating, and creating. The findings indicate that the majority of reading exercises are dominated by lower-order thinking skills (LOTS), particularly at the levels of remembering and understanding. In contrast, higher-order thinking skills (HOTS), such as analyzing, evaluating, and creating, are less frequently represented. This imbalance suggests that the textbook has not fully supported the development of students’ critical thinking and analytical skills. Furthermore, this study emphasizes the importance of a more balanced distribution of cognitive levels in reading exercises to enhance students’ comprehension and higher-level thinking abilities. The results are expected to provide valuable insights for textbook developers, teachers, and curriculum designers in improving the quality of instructional materials. In conclusion, integrating a broader range of cognitive processes in reading exercises is essential to foster students’ active engagement and critical literacy development.

هدف این پژوهش تحلیل سطوح شناختی تمرین‌های خواندن ارائه‌شده در کتاب درسی زبان انگلیسی «Work in Progress» منتشر شده توسط وزارت آموزش و پرورش با استفاده از چارچوب طبقه‌بندی بازنگری‌شده بلوم است. این پژوهش با بهره‌گیری از روش تحلیل محتوای کیفی، به بررسی توزیع فرایندهای شناختی منعکس‌شده در فعالیت‌های خواندن می‌پردازد. داده‌ها از تمرین‌های منتخب خواندن در کتاب جمع‌آوری و در شش سطح شناختی شامل: به‌خاطر سپردن، درک کردن، به‌کار بردن، تحلیل کردن، ارزیابی کردن و خلق کردن طبقه‌بندی شدند. یافته‌ها نشان می‌دهد که اکثریت تمرین‌های خواندن تحت سلطه مهارت‌های تفکر سطوح پایین‌تر (LOTS) به‌ویژه در سطوح به‌خاطر سپردن و درک کردن هستند. در مقابل، مهارت‌های تفکر سطوح بالاتر (HOTS) مانند تحلیل کردن، ارزیابی کردن و خلق کردن کمتر نمایان شده‌اند. این عدم توازن حاکی از آن است که کتاب درسی به طور کامل از توسعه مهارت‌های تفکر انتقادی و تحلیلی دانش‌آموزان حمایت نکرده است. افزون بر این، این پژوهش بر اهمیت توزیع متوازن‌تر سطوح شناختی در تمرین‌های خواندن به منظور ارتقای درک مطلب و توانایی‌های تفکر سطح بالای دانش‌آموزان تأکید می‌کند. انتظار می‌رود نتایج این پژوهش بینش‌های ارزشمندی برای تدوین‌کنندگان کتاب‌های درسی، معلمان و طراحان برنامه درسی در جهت بهبود کیفیت مواد آموزشی فراهم آورد. در نهایت، ادغام دامنه وسیع‌تری از فرایندهای شناختی در تمرین‌های خواندن برای تقویت مشارکت فعال و توسعه سواد انتقادی دانش‌آموزان ضروری است.

The transformation of higher education, marked by curriculum changes, digitalization of learning, and demands for quality improvement, places lecturers as strategic actors in realizing superior higher education institutions. However, the development of lecturer competencies still faces various challenges, such as high administrative burdens, a low research culture, limited ongoing training, suboptimal digital literacy, and the lack of internalization of Islamic Religious Education values ​​in the development of lecturer professionalism. This study aims to analyze the actual condition of lecturer competencies, formulate a conceptual model for optimizing lecturer competencies based on Islamic Religious Education, and identify strategies that can support the improvement of higher education quality. The study used a library research method with a descriptive qualitative approach. Data were collected through documentation of various relevant literature, including scientific journals, books, proceedings, regulations, and previous research results, then analyzed using content analysis and thematic analysis. The results show that pedagogical, professional, social, personality competencies, as well as research and community service competencies have a significant influence on the quality of learning, student academic achievement, research productivity, and the quality of higher education institutions. Optimization of lecturer competency can be done through continuous training, mentoring systems, quality-based performance evaluation, utilization of digital technology, and internalization of Islamic Religious Education values ​​such as tauhid, amanah, ihsan, istiqamah, and adab. This research produces a conceptual model that integrates the development of academic competency with the strengthening of Islamic character as a strategy to improve the quality of higher education.

تحول آموزش عالی که با تغییرات برنامه درسی، دیجیتالی‌شدن فرایند یادگیری و الزامات ارتقای کیفیت همراه است، اعضای هیئت علمی را به عنوان بازیگران راهبردی در تحقق دانشگاه‌های برتر مطرح می‌کند. با این حال، توسعه شایستگی‌های اعضای هیئت علمی همچنان با چالش‌هایی نظیر بار بالای امور اداری، ضعف فرهنگ پژوهش، محدودیت آموزش‌های مستمر، سواد دیجیتال کمتر از حد مطلوب و فقدان درونی‌سازی ارزش‌های آموزش معارف اسلامی در توسعه حرفه‌ای اعضای هیئت علمی مواجه است. هدف این پژوهش تحلیل وضعیت واقعی شایستگی‌های اعضای هیئت علمی، تدوین مدل مفهومی بهینه‌سازی شایستگی‌های اعضای هیئت علمی مبتنی بر آموزش معارف اسلامی و شناسایی راهبردهایی است که می‌تواند به ارتقای کیفیت آموزش عالی کمک کند. این پژوهش با روش کتابخانه‌ای و رویکرد کیفی توصیفی انجام شده است. داده‌ها از طریق مستندسازی منابع مختلف مرتبط، از جمله مجلات علمی، کتاب‌ها، مجموعه مقالات، مقررات و نتایج پژوهش‌های پیشین گردآوری و با استفاده از تحلیل محتوا و تحلیل تماتیک بررسی شدند. نتایج نشان می‌دهد که شایستگی‌های آموزشی، حرفه‌ای، اجتماعی، شخصیتی و همچنین شایستگی‌های پژوهشی و خدمات اجتماعی تأثیر معناداری بر کیفیت یادگیری، موفقیت تحصیلی دانشجویان، بهره‌وری پژوهشی و کیفیت دانشگاه‌ها دارند. بهینه‌سازی شایستگی اعضای هیئت علمی می‌تواند از طریق آموزش‌های مستمر، نظام‌های مشاوره‌ای، ارزیابی عملکرد مبتنی بر کیفیت، بهره‌گیری از فناوری دیجیتال و درونی‌سازی ارزش‌های آموزش معارف اسلامی مانند توحید، امانت، احسان، استقامت و ادب صورت گیرد. این پژوهش مدل مفهومی‌ای ارائه می‌دهد که توسعه شایستگی‌های علمی را با تقویت منش اسلامی به عنوان راهبردی برای ارتقای کیفیت آموزش عالی تلفیق می‌کند.

Developmental dyslexia (DD) impacts learning achievement and psychosocial development and is associated with various environmental factors and also genetic factors. Here, we conducted a multi-center case-control study by screening 29,820 primary school students between 2–6 grades in four cities in China and enrolled 948 dyslexia cases who meet the criteria of dyslexia and 948 controls with matching age and sex. We comprehensively investigated the environmental factors using the eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) machine learning model and Shapley additive explanations (SHAP) algorithm. The most important risk factors in dyslexia are the proactive learning habit, the age of child’s literacy, maternal education level, out-migrant workers, and prolonged screen exposure during pregnancy. The home literacy environment accounted for most of the variance within both groups. Then we examined shared polygenic risks between DD, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorders, schizophrenia, major depressive disorder, and bipolar disorder using polygenic risk score (PRS) analyses. The results showed that the highest PRS DD quartile had a 2.13-fold risk than the lowest quartile with risk factors adjusted (95% CI: 1.08, 4.18). The individuals with the highest PRS ASD quartile and PRS SCZ quartile (OR: 2.13; 95% CI: 1.14, 3.98 and OR: 2.41; 95% CI: 1.23, 4.72) were associated with increasing dyslexia risks. This study identified the importance of screening personalized environmental factors among dyslexia and highlighted the shared genetic architecture between dyslexia and other disorders. These findings offered novel insight into the etiology of dyslexia, contributing to the advancement of early prevention strategies.

نارساخوانی رشدی (DD) بر پیشرفت تحصیلی و رشد روانی‌اجتماعی تأثیر می‌گذارد و با عوامل محیطی گوناگون و همچنین عوامل ژنتیکی مرتبط است. در این پژوهش، یک مطالعه مورد-شاهدی چندمرکزی با غربالگری ۲۹٬۸۲۰ دانش‌آموز ابتدایی پایه دوم تا ششم در چهار شهر چین انجام شد و ۹۴۸ مورد نارساخوانی که معیارهای نارساخوانی را داشتند و ۹۴۸ فرد کنترل با تطبیق سن و جنسیت وارد مطالعه شدند. عوامل محیطی به طور جامع با استفاده از مدل یادگیری ماشین eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) و الگوریتم Shapley additive explanations (SHAP) بررسی شد. مهم‌ترین عوامل خطر در نارساخوانی شامل عادت یادگیری فعال، سن سوادآموزی کودک، سطح تحصیلات مادر، کارگران مهاجر و مواجهه طولانی‌مدت با صفحه‌نمایش در دوران بارداری بودند. محیط سوادآموزی خانه بیشترین واریانس را در هر دو گروه توضیح داد. سپس ریسک‌های چندژنی مشترک بین DD، اختلال نقص توجه/بیش‌فعالی، اختلالات طیف اوتیسم، اسکیزوفرنی، اختلال افسردگی اساسی و اختلال دوقطبی با استفاده از تحلیل امتیاز ریسک چندژنی (PRS) بررسی شد. نتایج نشان داد که بالاترین چارک PRS DD نسبت به پایین‌ترین چارک، ۲٫۱۳ برابر ریسک بیشتری داشت (با تعدیل عوامل خطر؛ ۹۵٪ CI: ۱٫۰۸، ۴٫۱۸). افرادی که در بالاترین چارک PRS ASD و PRS SCZ قرار داشتند (OR: ۲٫۱۳؛ ۹۵٪ CI: ۱٫۱۴، ۳٫۹۸ و OR: ۲٫۴۱؛ ۹۵٪ CI: ۱٫۲۳، ۴٫۷۲) با افزایش ریسک نارساخوانی مرتبط بودند. این مطالعه اهمیت غربالگری عوامل محیطی شخصی‌سازی‌شده در نارساخوانی را شناسایی کرد و معماری ژنتیکی مشترک بین نارساخوانی و سایر اختلالات را برجسته ساخت. این یافته‌ها بینش جدیدی در زمینه اتیولوژی نارساخوانی ارائه داده و به پیشرفت راهبردهای پیشگیری زودهنگام کمک می‌کند.

While extensive research has examined refugee students’ educational adaptation in host countries, the educational reintegration phase following voluntary return remains underexplored. This qualitative study investigates the linguistic and academic adaptation experiences of Syrian students transitioning from Turkish-medium education in Türkiye to Arabic-medium schooling in Syria after voluntary return. The study addresses an overarching question: how do returnee students experience the linguistic, academic, social, and psychosocial dimensions of this reverse educational transition? Using an exploratory qualitative design, data were collected through a seven-item open-ended written questionnaire from 15 middle-school students who had received several years of formal schooling in Türkiye. Qualitative content analysis revealed that return does not constitute a simple linguistic recovery, but rather a reverse academic transition characterized by profound difficulties with academic Arabic, conceptual transfer, written production, and in-class assessment practices. The findings indicate that students’ challenges were shaped not only by uneven Arabic literacy development but also by curriculum misalignment, pedagogical practices that participants perceived as more teacher-directed, limited peer interaction, and assessment practices that they perceived as unclear. Furthermore, psychosocial pressures, including re-migration-related distress, concentration difficulties, and increased family responsibilities, complicated their academic adaptation. Ultimately, these struggles reflect systemic institutional and contextual mismatches rather than individual deficits. By conceptualizing return as a distinct educational phase, this study contributes to the broader discourses on refugee education and bilingualism. The implications underscore the critical need for academic Arabic bridging programs, background-sensitive assessment frameworks, psychosocially responsive pedagogies, and school-based psychosocial support to ensure equitable reintegration into Arabic-medium schooling.

در حالی که پژوهش‌های گسترده‌ای به بررسی سازگاری آموزشی دانش‌آموزان پناهنده در کشورهای میزبان پرداخته‌اند، مرحله بازپذیری آموزشی پس از بازگشت داوطلبانه همچنان کمتر مورد توجه قرار گرفته است. این مطالعه کیفی به بررسی تجارب سازگاری زبانی و تحصیلی دانش‌آموزان سوری می‌پردازد که پس از بازگشت داوطلبانه از آموزش به زبان ترکی در ترکیه به مدرسه‌ عربی‌زبان در سوریه منتقل شده‌اند. این پژوهش به یک پرسش کلی می‌پردازد: دانش‌آموزان بازگشته چگونه ابعاد زبانی، تحصیلی، اجتماعی و روانی‌اجتماعی این گذار معکوس آموزشی را تجربه می‌کنند؟ با استفاده از طرح کیفی اکتشافی، داده‌ها از طریق پرسشنامه کتبی هفت‌سؤالی بازپاسخ از ۱۵ دانش‌آموز مقطع راهنمایی که چندین سال آموزش رسمی در ترکیه دیده بودند، گردآوری شد. تحلیل محتوای کیفی نشان داد که بازگشت صرفاً به معنای بازیابی ساده زبانی نیست، بلکه گذار تحصیلی معکوسی است که با دشواری‌های عمیق در زبان عربی علمی، انتقال مفهومی، تولید نوشتاری و شیوه‌های ارزشیابی کلاسی همراه است. یافته‌ها نشان می‌دهد که چالش‌های دانش‌آموزان نه تنها ناشی از رشد نامتوازن سواد عربی، بلکه ناشی از عدم انطباق برنامه درسی، شیوه‌های آموزشی معلم‌محورتر از نگاه شرکت‌کنندگان، تعامل محدود با همسالان و شیوه‌های ارزشیابی مبهم از دیدگاه آنان بوده است. همچنین فشارهای روانی‌اجتماعی، از جمله تنش‌های مرتبط با مهاجرت مجدد، دشواری‌های تمرکز و افزایش مسئولیت‌های خانوادگی، سازگاری تحصیلی آنان را پیچیده‌تر کرده است. در نهایت، این مشکلات بازتابی از ناسازگاری‌های نهادی و زمینه‌ای نظام‌مند است و نه کمبودهای فردی. با مفهوم‌پردازی بازگشت به عنوان یک مرحله آموزشی متمایز، این مطالعه به گفتمان‌های گسترده‌تر آموزش پناهندگان و دوزبانگی کمک می‌کند. پیامدهای پژوهش بر ضرورت برنامه‌های پل زبانی برای عربی علمی، چارچوب‌های ارزشیابی حساس به پیشینه، رویکردهای آموزشی پاسخگو به نیازهای روانی‌اجتماعی و حمایت روانی‌اجتماعی مبتنی بر مدرسه برای تضمین بازپذیری عادلانه در مدارس عربی‌زبان تأکید دارد.

This research aims to analyze the dialectics of qiraat in Islamic Religious Education by tracing the history of the development of qiraat, the standardization process of the Ottoman Mushaf, and the diversity of Al-Qur'an readings. This research uses a literature study method with a qualitative-descriptive approach. Research data was obtained from the Al-Qur'an, hadith, ulumul Qur'an books, books on the science of qiraat, academic books, journal articles, results of previous research, as well as official documents relating to the rasm and pentashihan mushaf. Data analysis was carried out through the stages of collection, reduction, categorization, interpretation, comparison and synthesis of various relevant sources. The research results show that qiraat is an important part of Al-Qur'an scholarship related to oral transmission, sanad, Arabic language rules, and Ottoman language. The diversity of qiraat has been known since the time of Rasulullah SAW and has a reliable basis for narration. Meanwhile, the standardization of the Ottoman Mushaf was carried out to maintain the unity of the community and establish a standard for the writing of the Qur'an, not to eliminate all authentic qiraat. The relationship between qiraat and the Ottoman Mushaf demonstrates the dialectic between the diversity of readings and the need for a unified written text. In the context of Islamic Religious Education, the integration of qiraat knowledge can strengthen Qur'anic literacy, foster tolerance, enhance critical thinking skills, and instill the value of moderation in responding to differences in Qur'anic readings. Therefore, qiraat knowledge needs to be introduced gradually and proportionally in Islamic Religious Education (PAI) learning.

هدف این پژوهش، تحلیل جدلیات قرائت در آموزش دینی اسلامی از طریق بررسی تاریخچه تحول قرائت‌ها، فرایند استانداردسازی مصحف عثمانی و تنوع قرائت‌های قرآن کریم است. این پژوهش با روش مطالعه اسنادی و رویکرد کیفی-توصیفی انجام شده است. داده‌های پژوهش از قرآن کریم، احادیث، کتب علوم قرآن، کتب علم قرائت، کتب دانشگاهی، مقالات علمی، نتایج پژوهش‌های پیشین و همچنین اسناد رسمی مرتبط با رسم و پنتاشیه مصحف گردآوری شده است. تحلیل داده‌ها از طریق مراحل گردآوری، کاهش، دسته‌بندی، تفسیر، مقایسه و تلفیق منابع مرتبط صورت گرفته است. نتایج پژوهش نشان می‌دهد که قرائت بخشی مهم از دانش قرآنی مرتبط با انتقال شفاهی، سند، قواعد زبان عربی و زبان عثمانی است. تنوع قرائت‌ها از زمان رسول‌الله (ص) شناخته شده و دارای مبنای روایی معتبر است. در حالی که استانداردسازی مصحف عثمانی به منظور حفظ وحدت امت و تعیین معیار برای کتابت قرآن انجام شد و هدف آن حذف تمامی قرائت‌های معتبر نبوده است. رابطه میان قرائت و مصحف عثمانی، جدلی میان تنوع قرائت‌ها و ضرورت وحدت متن مکتوب را نشان می‌دهد. در زمینه آموزش دینی اسلامی، ادغام دانش قرائت می‌تواند سواد قرآنی را تقویت کند، روحیه تساهل را پرورش دهد، مهارت‌های تفکر انتقادی را ارتقا بخشد و ارزش تعدیل‌گری را در مواجهه با تفاوت‌های قرائت‌های قرآنی نهادینه سازد. بنابراین، لازم است دانش قرائت به صورت تدریجی و متناسب در آموزش دینی اسلامی (PAI) معرفی شود.

Economics learning at the junior high school level plays a strategic role in building students' economic literacy, yet national and international assessment data indicate a declining trend in the literacy and engagement of Indonesian students. This study aims to describe the actual conditions of economics learning in junior high schools in Jakarta, covering teachers' instructional backgrounds, the characteristics of circulating teaching modules, and student engagement patterns, as an empirical foundation for model development. A descriptive qualitative design was applied. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with social studies teachers and students, classroom observation, and document analysis of circulating economics teaching modules, then analysed using the interactive model of Miles, Huberman, and Saldana with source and technique triangulation. The findings show that most social studies teachers do not hold an economics education background, that most modules neither scaffold mastery experience gradually nor address the physiological-emotional dimension of learning, and that behavioural, emotional, cognitive, and agentic engagement indicators appear only sporadically. These conditions provide the rational basis for six characteristics of the Student Engagement Project-Based Learning model, namely contextual economic problems, project activity, collaboration, student autonomy, graduated scaffolding, and structured reflection.

یادگیری اقتصاد در سطح مدارس متوسطه اول نقش راهبردی در ارتقای سواد اقتصادی دانش‌آموزان ایفا می‌کند، با این حال داده‌های ارزیابی‌های ملی و بین‌المللی نشان‌دهنده روند کاهشی در سواد و درگیری دانش‌آموزان اندونزیایی است. هدف این پژوهش توصیف شرایط واقعی یادگیری اقتصاد در مدارس متوسطه اول شهر جاکارتا، شامل پیشینه آموزشی معلمان، ویژگی‌های ماژول‌های آموزشی رایج و الگوهای درگیری دانش‌آموزان، به‌عنوان بنیان تجربی برای توسعه مدل است. این پژوهش با رویکرد کیفی توصیفی انجام شده است. داده‌ها از طریق مصاحبه‌های نیمه‌ساختاریافته با معلمان مطالعات اجتماعی و دانش‌آموزان، مشاهده کلاسی و تحلیل اسناد ماژول‌های آموزش اقتصاد جمع‌آوری و با استفاده از مدل تعاملی Miles، Huberman و Saldana و از طریق مثلث‌سازی منبع و روش تحلیل شدند. یافته‌ها نشان می‌دهد که اکثر معلمان مطالعات اجتماعی دارای پیشینه تحصیلی در آموزش اقتصاد نیستند، اغلب ماژول‌ها تجربه تسلط تدریجی را پشتیبانی نمی‌کنند و به بعد فیزیولوژیک-هیجانی یادگیری نمی‌پردازند و شاخص‌های درگیری رفتاری، هیجانی، شناختی و عاملیت دانش‌آموزان تنها به‌صورت پراکنده مشاهده می‌شود. این شرایط مبنای منطقی برای شش ویژگی مدل یادگیری مبتنی بر پروژه با محوریت درگیری دانش‌آموز را فراهم می‌کند که عبارت‌اند از: مسائل اقتصادی زمینه‌ای، فعالیت پروژه‌ای، همکاری، خودمختاری دانش‌آموز، پله‌پله بودن حمایت آموزشی و بازتاب ساختاریافته.

Abstract In postcolonial Anglophone Cameroon, language is not merely a medium of communication; it acts as a pathway to socio-economic survival. The North West Region is heavily impacted by both patriarchal customary laws and the protracted socio-political crisis. This crisis has led to an increase in the number of widows. This sociolinguistic study examines the relationship between functional English Literacy and the socio-economic empowerment of widows in Bamenda, Cameroon. Utilising a comparative mixed methods research design, the study uses questionnaires and semi-structured interviews to contrast two distinct cohorts: Literate and non-literate widows. This work is grounded in Naila Kabeer’s empowerment framework and Paulo Freire’s critical literacy. A total of two hundred (200) widows were administered the questionnaires. Forty (40) widows were involved in the interview. The findings reveal a stark divergence between the two cohorts. While the non-literate widows face systemic property dispossession, financial exploitation and micro-finance exclusion due to language barriers, literate widows successfully leverage their skills to scale up their businesses, defend inheritance rights, navigate healthcare systems and secure their children’s education. The paper concludes by recommending development and humanitarian interventions in patriarchal, conflict-affected zones to transition from blind financial relief toward integrated rights-based, health-based and economic-based literacy frameworks. Keywords Functional English LiteracySocio-economic ImportanceWidowsComparative AnalysisBamenda

در کامرون آنگلوساکسون پس از استعمار، زبان صرفاً وسیله‌ای برای ارتباط نیست؛ بلکه به‌عنوان مسیری برای بقا اجتماعی‌ـ‌اقتصادی عمل می‌کند. منطقه شمال غربی به‌شدت تحت تأثیر قوانین عرفی مردسالارانه و بحران اجتماعی‌ـ‌سیاسی طولانی‌مدت قرار دارد. این بحران منجر به افزایش تعداد بیوه‌ها شده‌است. این مطالعه جامعه‌شناسی زبان به بررسی رابطه بین سواد عملکردی زبان انگلیسی و توانمندسازی اجتماعی‌ـ‌اقتصادی بیوه‌ها در بامندا، کامرون می‌پردازد. با بهره‌گیری از طرح پژوهشی ترکیبی مقایسه‌ای، پژوهش حاضر از پرسشنامه و مصاحبه نیمه‌ساختاریافته برای مقایسه دو گروه متمایز ــ بیوه‌های باسواد و بی‌سواد ــ استفاده می‌کند. این پژوهش بر مبنای چارچوب توانمندسازی Naila Kabeer و سواد انتقادی Paulo Freire استوار است. در مجموع، تعداد دویست (200) بیوه پرسشنامه‌ها را تکمیل کردند و چهل (40) بیوه در مصاحبه شرکت داشتند. یافته‌ها تفاوت چشمگیری میان دو گروه نشان می‌دهد. در حالی که بیوه‌های بی‌سواد به دلیل موانع زبانی با سلب سیستماتیک اموال، سوءاستفاده مالی و محرومیت از خدمات مالی خرد مواجه‌اند، بیوه‌های باسواد با بهره‌گیری موفق از مهارت‌های خود کسب‌وکارشان را توسعه می‌دهند، از حقوق ارث دفاع می‌کنند، در نظام سلامت مسیر خود را می‌یابند و آموزش فرزندانشان را تضمین می‌کنند. مقاله با توصیه به مداخلات توسعه‌ای و بشردوستانه در مناطق مردسالار و متأثر از بحران، برای گذار از کمک‌های مالی کور به سوی چارچوب‌های سواد مبتنی بر حقوق، سلامت و اقتصاد، پایان می‌یابد.

Background: The digital era presents unprecedented opportunities and challenges for establishing learning societies that support lifelong learning, digital literacy, and sustainable human capital development. Educational and community leaders play pivotal roles in this transformation, yet their integrated contributions remain underexplored in emerging regional contexts. Objective: This study aims to develop an integrated understanding of how educational and community leaders contribute to the creation of a learning society in the digital era, with specific focus on lifelong learning mechanisms, digital literacy initiatives, and human capital development pathways. Method: A qualitative descriptive multi-stakeholder inquiry was conducted with 28 participants including school principals, university leaders, community organization leaders, government representatives, and NGO officials from Banten Province, Indonesia. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews (n=18), focus group discussions (n=3), document analysis, and observation protocols. Thematic analysis with source, method, and theory triangulation was employed. Findings: Educational and community leaders jointly establish learning societies through five interconnected mechanisms: institutional learning infrastructure development, digital literacy ecosystems, collaborative knowledge-sharing platforms, civic engagement frameworks, and capability development initiatives. Leaders emphasized the necessity of integrating formal and informal learning, bridging digital divides, and fostering social capital through community engagement. An Integrated Learning Society Development Framework emerged, highlighting the synergistic relationship between educational institutions, community organizations, and government agencies in facilitating sustainable human capital growth. Novelty: This research uniquely positions learning society development as an educational-community collaborative endeavor within the digital era context of emerging regional economies, departing from institution-centric approaches that dominate current literature. Implications: Findings provide strategic guidance for policymakers and institutional leaders in designing integrated learning society frameworks that harness digital technologies while maintaining social cohesion and equitable access to learning opportunities.

زمینه: عصر دیجیتال فرصت‌ها و چالش‌های بی‌سابقه‌ای را برای ایجاد جوامع یادگیرنده که از یادگیری مادام‌العمر، سواد دیجیتال و توسعه پایدار سرمایه انسانی حمایت می‌کنند، فراهم آورده است. رهبران آموزشی و اجتماعی نقش‌های محوری در این تحول ایفا می‌کنند، اما مشارکت‌های یکپارچه آن‌ها در زمینه‌های منطقه‌ای نوظهور کمتر مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. هدف: این مطالعه با هدف توسعه درک یکپارچه‌ای از نحوه مشارکت رهبران آموزشی و اجتماعی در ایجاد جامعه یادگیرنده در عصر دیجیتال، با تمرکز ویژه بر سازوکارهای یادگیری مادام‌العمر، ابتکارات سواد دیجیتال و مسیرهای توسعه سرمایه انسانی انجام شده است. روش: یک پژوهش کیفی توصیفی با رویکرد چند ذینفعی با مشارکت ۲۸ نفر شامل مدیران مدارس، رهبران دانشگاهی، رهبران سازمان‌های اجتماعی، نمایندگان دولت و مسئولان سازمان‌های غیردولتی از استان بانتن اندونزی انجام شد. داده‌ها از طریق مصاحبه‌های نیمه‌ساختاریافته (n=18)، بحث‌های گروهی متمرکز (n=3)، تحلیل اسناد و پروتکل‌های مشاهده گردآوری شد. تحلیل تماتیک با مثلث‌سازی منبع، روش و نظریه به کار گرفته شد. یافته‌ها: رهبران آموزشی و اجتماعی به طور مشترک از طریق پنج سازوکار به هم پیوسته شامل توسعه زیرساخت‌های یادگیری نهادی، اکوسیستم‌های سواد دیجیتال، بسترهای اشتراک دانش مشارکتی، چارچوب‌های مشارکت مدنی و ابتکارات توسعه قابلیت‌ها، جوامع یادگیرنده را ایجاد می‌کنند. رهبران بر ضرورت ادغام یادگیری رسمی و غیررسمی، پر کردن شکاف دیجیتال و تقویت سرمایه اجتماعی از طریق مشارکت اجتماعی تأکید کردند. چارچوب یکپارچه توسعه جامعه یادگیرنده استخراج شد که بر رابطه هم‌افزا میان نهادهای آموزشی، سازمان‌های اجتماعی و نهادهای دولتی در تسهیل رشد پایدار سرمایه انسانی تأکید دارد. نوآوری: این پژوهش توسعه جامعه یادگیرنده را به عنوان یک تلاش مشترک آموزشی-اجتماعی در زمینه عصر دیجیتال اقتصادهای منطقه‌ای نوظهور مطرح می‌کند و از رویکردهای نهاد-محور غالب در ادبیات فعلی فاصله می‌گیرد. پیامدها: یافته‌ها راهنمایی راهبردی برای سیاست‌گذاران و رهبران نهادی در طراحی چارچوب‌های یکپارچه جامعه یادگیرنده که از فناوری‌های دیجیتال بهره می‌گیرند و در عین حال انسجام اجتماعی و دسترسی عادلانه به فرصت‌های یادگیری را حفظ می‌کنند، ارائه می‌دهد.

This study used bibliometric analysis to examine research on university students’ self-feedback literacy using records retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection. The initial search identified 372 records published within a retrieval window from January 2010 to June 2025. Following screening, eligibility assessment, and bibliographic data cleaning, 14 records met the predefined eligibility criteria and were retained for the final bibliometric analysis. Given the small size of the final corpus and the partial coverage of 2025, the findings are interpreted as exploratory patterns within the retrieved dataset rather than as definitive representations of the broader research field. The study examined publication activity, sources, authorship, citations, keyword associations, thematic patterns, and country-level collaboration within the retrieved corpus, with the findings interpreted as exploratory evidence rather than generalizable estimates of the broader field.

این مطالعه با استفاده از تحلیل کتاب‌سنجی به بررسی پژوهش‌ها درباره سواد بازخورد خودمحور دانشجویان دانشگاهی پرداخت که سوابق آن از مجموعه هسته وب آو ساینس استخراج شد. جستجوی اولیه ۳۷۲ مدرک را که در بازه زمانی ژانویه ۲۰۱۰ تا ژوئن ۲۰۲۵ منتشر شده بودند، شناسایی کرد. پس از غربالگری، ارزیابی صلاحیت و پاک‌سازی داده‌های کتابشناختی، ۱۴ مدرک با معیارهای از پیش تعیین‌شده مطابقت داشتند و برای تحلیل نهایی کتاب‌سنجی حفظ شدند. با توجه به حجم اندک مجموعه نهایی و پوشش جزئی سال ۲۰۲۵، یافته‌ها به عنوان الگوهای اکتشافی در داده‌های بازیابی‌شده تفسیر می‌شوند و نه به عنوان بازنمایی قطعی از حوزه پژوهشی گسترده‌تر. این مطالعه فعالیت انتشاراتی، منابع، نویسندگان، ارجاعات، ارتباطات کلیدواژه‌ای، الگوهای موضوعی و همکاری در سطح کشور را در مجموعه بازیابی‌شده بررسی کرد و یافته‌ها به عنوان شواهد اکتشافی و نه برآوردهای قابل تعمیم از حوزه گسترده‌تر تفسیر می‌شوند.

Background-Principals in inclusive schools must supervise instruction for students with special needs (SEN), yet little is known about how supervision reaches differentiated literacy instruction where specialist staff are scarce. Objectives- This study analyzes how a principal, as supervisor and educator, manages the instructional program and oversees differentiated literacy learning for SEN students. Methods- An instrumental single-case study was conducted at SDN 8 Sintang, an inclusive elementary school in West Kalimantan, Indonesia. Participants included one principal, one classroom teacher, one special assistant teacher (SAT), and five SEN students. Interviews, observations, and documents were analyzed using NVivo 15. Results-Participants described scheduled supervision aimed at differentiation and a redefinition of literacy achievement as individual progress. Differentiation appeared divided between the classroom teacher (content) and the SAT (process and assessment), although observed collaboration was inconsistent and students' communication about reading content was limited. Reported barriers were structural: the SAT ratio, incomplete individualized education program documentation, and limited special-pedagogy training. Conclusions-Within this school, the principal's dual role was perceived to support differentiated literacy work; the findings are tentative given one informant per adult role and five heterogeneous students. The study offers a context-bound proposition linking supervision, teacher SAT collaboration, and affective literacy habituation for testing.

زمینه و هدف: مدیران مدارس فراگیر باید بر آموزش دانش‌آموزان با نیازهای ویژه (SEN) نظارت کنند، اما اطلاعات اندکی درباره چگونگی رسیدن نظارت به آموزش سوادآموزی تفکیکی در شرایط کمبود کارکنان متخصص وجود دارد. اهداف: این پژوهش تحلیل می‌کند که چگونه یک مدیر، به عنوان ناظر و آموزگار، برنامه آموزشی را مدیریت کرده و بر یادگیری سوادآموزی تفکیکی برای دانش‌آموزان SEN نظارت می‌کند. روش‌ها: یک مطالعه موردی ابزاری منفرد در دبستان SDN 8 Sintang، یک مدرسه ابتدایی فراگیر در کالیمانتان غربی اندونزی انجام شد. شرکت‌کنندگان شامل یک مدیر، یک معلم کلاس، یک معلم دستیار ویژه (SAT) و پنج دانش‌آموز SEN بودند. مصاحبه‌ها، مشاهدات و اسناد با استفاده از نرم‌افزار NVivo 15 تحلیل شدند. یافته‌ها: شرکت‌کنندگان نظارت برنامه‌ریزی‌شده با هدف تفکیک و بازتعریف موفقیت سوادآموزی به عنوان پیشرفت فردی را توصیف کردند. تفکیک میان معلم کلاس (محتوا) و SAT (فرآیند و ارزیابی) تقسیم شده بود، هرچند همکاری مشاهده‌شده ناپایدار بود و ارتباط دانش‌آموزان درباره محتوای خواندن محدود بود. موانع گزارش‌شده ساختاری بودند: نسبت SAT، ناقص بودن مستندسازی برنامه آموزش فردی و محدودیت آموزش تخصصی در حوزه آموزش ویژه. نتیجه‌گیری: در این مدرسه، نقش دوگانه مدیر به عنوان حمایت‌کننده از کار سوادآموزی تفکیکی تلقی می‌شود؛ یافته‌ها با توجه به یک مطلع برای هر نقش بزرگسال و پنج دانش‌آموز ناهمگون، موقتی هستند. این پژوهش یک گزاره زمینه‌مند درباره ارتباط نظارت، همکاری معلم و SAT و عادت‌دهی عاطفی به سوادآموزی برای آزمون ارائه می‌دهد.

Background First responders are categorised as those who are the first to respond to emergency calls and attend the site of an emergency. They include, but are not limited to police, emergency medical technicians, firefighters, and water safety personnel. First responders play a critical role in suicide postvention, supporting those bereaved by suicide and preventing adverse outcomes. However, many responders feel uncertain about how to effectively support those bereaved by suicide and often lack formal postvention training. This study aimed to explore and understand the experiences and training needs of first responders when attending the scene of a suspected suicide. Methods A mixed-method approach was adopted. A national quantitative survey with first responders was conducted. The impact of previous suicide-related training on suicide literacy, attitudes, and postvention knowledge was analysed using multivariate ANOVA, adjusting for sociodemographic factors. Qualitative data were collected through focus groups and analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. Results A total of 1587 first responders completed surveys. Participants demonstrated positive and non-stigmatising attitudes towards suicide prevention and suicidal individuals, though lower scores were achieved for suicide literacy, postvention knowledge, organisation support, and preparedness. Previous suicide-related training was significantly associated with higher literacy, attitudes, and postvention knowledge, although effect-sizes were small. Qualitative findings from 10 focus groups revealed substantial gaps in training and confidence when responding to suspected suicides. Participants also described the considerable emotional toll of attending the scene and emphasised the need for support in the aftermath. Conclusion Attending the scene of a suspected suicide has an impact on first responders. Limited suicide prevention and postvention training creates challenges, particularly in communicating with the bereaved. These findings underscore the need for comprehensive suicide prevention and postvention training and the allocation of adequate support.

زمینه: نیروهای امدادی به عنوان افرادی تعریف می‌شوند که نخستین پاسخ‌دهندگان به تماس‌های اضطراری بوده و در محل حادثه حضور می‌یابند. این افراد شامل، اما محدود به، پلیس، تکنسین‌های فوریت‌های پزشکی، آتش‌نشانان و نیروهای ایمنی آب می‌شوند. نیروهای امدادی نقش حیاتی در پس‌مداخله خودکشی، حمایت از بازماندگان خودکشی و پیشگیری از پیامدهای نامطلوب ایفا می‌کنند. با این حال، بسیاری از امدادگران نسبت به نحوه حمایت مؤثر از بازماندگان خودکشی احساس عدم اطمینان دارند و اغلب فاقد آموزش رسمی پس‌مداخله هستند. هدف این مطالعه بررسی و درک تجربیات و نیازهای آموزشی نیروهای امدادی هنگام حضور در صحنه یک خودکشی مشکوک بود. روش‌ها: رویکرد آمیخته‌روش اتخاذ شد. یک پیمایش ملی کمی با نیروهای امدادی انجام شد. تأثیر آموزش‌های پیشین مرتبط با خودکشی بر سواد خودکشی، نگرش‌ها و دانش پس‌مداخله با استفاده از تحلیل واریانس چندمتغیره (MANOVA) و با تعدیل عوامل جمعیت‌شناختی تحلیل شد. داده‌های کیفی از طریق گروه‌های متمرکز جمع‌آوری و با تحلیل تماتیک بازتابی بررسی گردید. نتایج: مجموعاً ۱۵۸۷ نفر از نیروهای امدادی پرسشنامه‌ها را تکمیل کردند. شرکت‌کنندگان نگرش‌های مثبت و غیرانگ‌زننده نسبت به پیشگیری از خودکشی و افراد دارای افکار خودکشی نشان دادند، اگرچه نمرات پایین‌تری در سواد خودکشی، دانش پس‌مداخله، حمایت سازمانی و آمادگی کسب شد. آموزش‌های پیشین مرتبط با خودکشی به طور معناداری با سواد، نگرش‌ها و دانش پس‌مداخله بالاتر مرتبط بود، هرچند اندازه اثرات کوچک بود. یافته‌های کیفی حاصل از ۱۰ گروه متمرکز نشان‌دهنده شکاف‌های قابل توجه در آموزش و اعتماد به نفس هنگام پاسخ به خودکشی‌های مشکوک بود. شرکت‌کنندگان همچنین به بار عاطفی قابل توجه حضور در صحنه اشاره کردند و بر نیاز به حمایت پس از آن تأکید نمودند. نتیجه‌گیری: حضور در صحنه یک خودکشی مشکوک بر نیروهای امدادی تأثیرگذار است. محدودیت آموزش‌های پیشگیری و پس‌مداخله خودکشی چالش‌هایی ایجاد می‌کند، به ویژه در برقراری ارتباط با بازماندگان. این یافته‌ها بر ضرورت آموزش جامع پیشگیری و پس‌مداخله خودکشی و تخصیص حمایت کافی تأکید می‌کند.

Abstract Prior literature using twin pairs in the same or different classes found classroom effects accounted for between 8% and 2−3% of the variability in literacy achievement depending on the method, grade, or measure used. The current study examines whether this effect could be greater (or less) than this depending on a child’s levels of inattention and hyperactivity. The sample comprised 758 identical and same-sex fraternal twin pairs from an international longitudinal twin study of early literacy development. The study used scores on word reading, spelling and reading comprehension, and parent ratings on the Disruptive Behaviour Rating Scale (DBRS) for children in kindergarten (aged x overbar x ¯ $\bar x$ = 6.2, s = 0.3), Grade 1 and Grade 2. Contrary to predictions, the results failed to support the prediction, indicating that classroom-level effects are independent of the behavior issues measured in this study.

چکیده: پژوهش‌های پیشین که از جفت‌های دوقلو در کلاس‌های یکسان یا متفاوت استفاده کرده‌اند، نشان داده‌اند که اثرات کلاس بین ۸٪ و ۲ تا ۳٪ از واریانس در پیشرفت سوادآموزی را بسته به روش، پایه یا ابزار مورد استفاده، تبیین می‌کنند. مطالعه حاضر بررسی می‌کند که آیا این اثر می‌تواند بسته به سطوح بی‌توجهی و بیش‌فعالی کودک، بیشتر (یا کمتر) از این مقدار باشد یا خیر. نمونه شامل ۷۵۸ جفت دوقلوی یکسان و دوقلوی هم‌جنس ناهمسان از یک مطالعه طولی بین‌المللی درباره رشد سوادآموزی اولیه بود. این مطالعه از نمرات خواندن واژه، املا و درک مطلب و همچنین ارزیابی والدین بر اساس مقیاس ارزیابی رفتارهای مخرب (DBRS) برای کودکان در مهدکودک (میانگین سنی $\bar x$ = ۶٫۲، انحراف معیار s = ۰٫۳)، پایه اول و پایه دوم استفاده کرد. برخلاف پیش‌بینی‌ها، نتایج از فرضیه مورد انتظار حمایت نکرد و نشان داد که اثرات سطح کلاس مستقل از مشکلات رفتاری اندازه‌گیری‌شده در این مطالعه هستند.

In rural inclusive education, communication between educators and parents transcends logistical necessity; it serves as a transformative catalyst for learners’ literacy advancement. In Foundation Phase classrooms, where learners rely significantly on both home and school contexts, successful communication serves as a conduit for continuous learning support. This article examines the crucial role of communication in promoting literacy among learners with diverse abilities through effective partnerships between educators and parents in inclusive rural schools. Drawing on Epstein's theory, it highlights the importance of trust and mutual respect in fostering collaborative relationships. The study employed a qualitative methodology, including focus group interviews with fifteen Foundation Phase educators and nine parents, to examine the challenges and strategies for effective communication. Findings indicate that consistent, culturally responsive communication has a significant impact on parental involvement and literacy outcomes. The article concludes with recommendations for policy and practice to strengthen teacher−parent partnerships in rural inclusive education. The study enhances the conversation on inclusive education by providing policy and practice recommendations to promote teacher training in culturally responsive communication, adaptable engagement tactics, and collaborative school−community collaborations to enhance literacy in the foundation phase. The study redefines communication as a relational, context-dependent practice, offering a paradigm to enhance literacy through inclusive, collaborative methods in rural education.

در آموزش فراگیر روستایی، ارتباط میان معلمان و والدین فراتر از یک ضرورت لجستیکی است؛ این ارتباط به‌عنوان یک کاتالیزور تحول‌آفرین برای پیشرفت سوادآموزی یادگیرندگان عمل می‌کند. در کلاس‌های دوره پایه، جایی که یادگیرندگان به‌طور قابل توجهی به هر دو بستر خانه و مدرسه متکی هستند، ارتباط موفق به‌عنوان مجرایی برای حمایت مستمر از یادگیری عمل می‌کند. این مقاله نقش حیاتی ارتباط را در ارتقای سوادآموزی در میان یادگیرندگان با توانایی‌های متنوع از طریق مشارکت مؤثر میان معلمان و والدین در مدارس فراگیر روستایی بررسی می‌کند. با بهره‌گیری از نظریه Epstein، اهمیت اعتماد و احترام متقابل در تقویت روابط همکاری‌آمیز برجسته می‌شود. این پژوهش با رویکرد کیفی و با استفاده از مصاحبه‌های گروهی متمرکز با پانزده معلم دوره پایه و نه والد، به بررسی چالش‌ها و راهبردهای ارتباط مؤثر پرداخته است. یافته‌ها نشان می‌دهد که ارتباط مستمر و پاسخگو به فرهنگ تأثیر قابل توجهی بر مشارکت والدین و نتایج سوادآموزی دارد. مقاله با ارائه توصیه‌هایی برای سیاست‌گذاری و عمل به‌منظور تقویت مشارکت معلم−والدین در آموزش فراگیر روستایی به پایان می‌رسد. این پژوهش با ارائه توصیه‌هایی برای سیاست‌گذاری و عمل به‌منظور ارتقای آموزش معلمان در زمینه ارتباط پاسخگو به فرهنگ، راهبردهای مشارکت قابل تطبیق و همکاری‌های مدرسه−جامعه، گفتگو درباره آموزش فراگیر را ارتقا می‌بخشد تا سوادآموزی در دوره پایه تقویت شود. این مطالعه ارتباط را به‌عنوان یک کنش رابطه‌ای و وابسته به زمینه بازتعریف می‌کند و الگویی برای ارتقای سوادآموزی از طریق روش‌های فراگیر و مشارکتی در آموزش روستایی ارائه می‌دهد.

Despite scientific argumentation being a fundamental competency of the PISA assessment framework, prospective biology teachers often demonstrate insufficient development in evidence-based reasoning and rebuttal construction skills. Considering the limitations of large-scale implementation of individualized approaches in higher education, this study evaluates the effectiveness of Generative Artificial Intelligence (ChatGPT-4) configured as a “Socratic tutor” in developing argumentation skills among future educators. An 8-week quasi-experimental study involving 124 students from a pedagogical university employed traditional peer discussion methods in the control group ( n = 62), while the experimental group ( n = 62) utilized an AI agent that induced cognitive dissonance regarding socio-scientific issues. Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) of data obtained through Toulmin's Argument Pattern (TAP) and PISA rubrics confirmed that the experimental group achieved statistically significantly higher overall argumentation quality compared to the control group (F (1,121) = 14.23, p < .001, η 2 = .105). Particularly, participants who received AI-assisted instruction showed marked improvement in forming rebuttals and evaluating counterevidence, which are considered among the most cognitively demanding components within the PISA scientific literacy framework (OECD). These findings suggest that a Generative AI-mediated Socratic instructional package can be an effective and scalable approach for developing epistemic cognition, and they propose a pedagogical model for integrating structured AI-based tutoring into teacher preparation systems aligned with international assessment standards. These findings should be interpreted as evidence for the effectiveness of the structured, AI-mediated Socratic instructional package as a whole, rather than as evidence of AI's inherent superiority over other methods; the relative contribution of the AI medium versus the structured pedagogical protocol it delivers was not directly tested in this design.

با وجود اینکه استدلال علمی یکی از شایستگی‌های اساسی چارچوب ارزیابی PISA است، معلمان آینده زیست‌شناسی اغلب در توسعه مهارت‌های استدلال مبتنی بر شواهد و ساختاردهی ابطال‌ها، پیشرفت کافی نشان نمی‌دهند. با توجه به محدودیت‌های اجرای گسترده رویکردهای فردمحور در آموزش عالی، این مطالعه اثربخشی هوش مصنوعی مولد (ChatGPT-4) را که به عنوان «مربی سقراطی» پیکربندی شده است، در توسعه مهارت‌های استدلال در میان معلمان آینده مورد ارزیابی قرار می‌دهد. یک مطالعه شبه‌آزمایشی هشت‌هفته‌ای با مشارکت ۱۲۴ دانشجو از یک دانشگاه تربیت معلم انجام شد؛ در گروه کنترل (n = 62) از روش‌های سنتی بحث همتایان استفاده شد و گروه آزمایش (n = 62) از یک عامل هوش مصنوعی بهره برد که ناهماهنگی شناختی را در خصوص مسائل اجتماعی-علمی ایجاد می‌کرد. تحلیل کوواریانس (ANCOVA) داده‌های به‌دست‌آمده از طریق الگوی استدلال تولمین (TAP) و روبریک‌های PISA تأیید کرد که گروه آزمایش به طور معناداری از نظر کیفیت کلی استدلال نسبت به گروه کنترل عملکرد بهتری داشت (F (1,121) = 14.23, p < .001, η 2 = .105). به ویژه، شرکت‌کنندگانی که آموزش مبتنی بر هوش مصنوعی دریافت کردند، در شکل‌دهی ابطال‌ها و ارزیابی شواهد مخالف که از دشوارترین مؤلفه‌های شناختی در چارچوب سواد علمی PISA (OECD) محسوب می‌شوند، بهبود چشمگیری نشان دادند. این یافته‌ها نشان می‌دهد که بسته آموزشی سقراطی مبتنی بر هوش مصنوعی مولد می‌تواند رویکردی مؤثر و مقیاس‌پذیر برای توسعه شناخت معرفتی باشد و مدل آموزشی برای ادغام آموزش ساختاریافته مبتنی بر هوش مصنوعی در نظام‌های تربیت معلم همسو با استانداردهای ارزیابی بین‌المللی ارائه می‌کند. این یافته‌ها باید به عنوان شواهدی برای اثربخشی بسته آموزشی ساختاریافته و میانجی‌گری‌شده توسط هوش مصنوعی سقراطی به طور کلی تفسیر شود، نه به عنوان شواهدی از برتری ذاتی هوش مصنوعی نسبت به سایر روش‌ها؛ سهم نسبی رسانه هوش مصنوعی در مقابل پروتکل آموزشی ساختاریافته ارائه‌شده توسط آن، مستقیماً در این طرح مورد آزمون قرار نگرفته است.

This study aims to analyze (1) technical skills, (2) interpersonal skills, and (3) conceptual skills of principals based on the local wisdom of Tamiang Traditional Culture (Adat Budaya Tamiang/ABT) in improving teacher performance in elementary schools of Aceh Tamiang Regency. This research employed a qualitative method with a case study approach. The research subjects consisted of principals, teachers, and representatives of the Aceh Tamiang Traditional Council (MAA) from two schools, namely SD Negeri 1 Sungai Liput and SD Negeri 1 Sriwijaya. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation, and analyzed through data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The findings reveal that: (1) The principals technical skills were reflected in their ability to formulate and manage RKS and RKAS through deliberation, integrate ABT into the curriculum, utilize internet-based learning media, provide cultural literacy resources such as the Tamiang language dictionary, and manage school facilities through the spirit of gotong royong (collective work). These programs contributed to improving teacher performance through clear planning, facility support, and work guidelines rooted in local wisdom. (2) Interpersonal skills were demonstrated through polite and ethical communication based on Tamiang customs, conflict resolution using a familial and consensus approach, teacher empowerment through kelompok belajar (teacher learning groups), participatory practices, and the creation of a collaborative work climate. This approach enhanced teacher motivation, commitment, and discipline. (3) Conceptual skills were evident in the principals' ability to formulate a vision and mission grounded in Tamiang cultural values, adapt national education policies to the local context, build solid teamwork, conduct data-based evaluations (including school performance reports, BOS Kinerja achievements, and “Beautiful Classroom” assessments), and involve communities and traditional institutions in school programs, including traditions such as pesejuk and the use of Malay Tamiang traditional attire. This study concludes that the managerial abilities of school principals based on the local wisdom of Tamiang cultural values significantly contribute to improving teacher performance through the application of technical, interpersonal, and conceptual skills rooted in local traditions. Principals are able to plan programs through deliberation, build harmonious working relationships, and interpret educational policies in accordance with the Tamiang cultural context. The integration of values such as togetherness, mutual cooperation, and social responsibility strengthens teachers' professionalism while fostering students' character and cultural identity.

هدف این پژوهش تحلیل (۱) مهارت‌های فنی، (۲) مهارت‌های بین‌فردی و (۳) مهارت‌های مفهومی مدیران مدارس مبتنی بر خرد بومی فرهنگ سنتی تامیانگ (Adat Budaya Tamiang/ABT) در بهبود عملکرد معلمان در مدارس ابتدایی شهرستان آچه تامیانگ است. این پژوهش با روش کیفی و رویکرد مطالعه موردی انجام شده است. شرکت‌کنندگان پژوهش شامل مدیران مدارس، معلمان و نمایندگان شورای سنتی آچه تامیانگ (MAA) از دو مدرسه، یعنی SD Negeri 1 Sungai Liput و SD Negeri 1 Sriwijaya بودند. داده‌ها از طریق مشاهده، مصاحبه و اسناد جمع‌آوری و با استفاده از کاهش داده‌ها، نمایش داده‌ها و نتیجه‌گیری تحلیل شدند. یافته‌ها نشان دادند که: (۱) مهارت‌های فنی مدیران مدارس در توانایی آن‌ها برای تدوین و مدیریت RKS و RKAS از طریق مشورت، ادغام ABT در برنامه درسی، بهره‌گیری از رسانه‌های آموزشی مبتنی بر اینترنت، فراهم‌سازی منابع سواد فرهنگی مانند فرهنگ لغت زبان تامیانگ و مدیریت امکانات مدرسه با روحیه گوتونگ رویونگ (کار جمعی) منعکس می‌شود. این برنامه‌ها از طریق برنامه‌ریزی شفاف، حمایت از امکانات و دستورالعمل‌های کاری مبتنی بر خرد بومی به بهبود عملکرد معلمان کمک کردند. (۲) مهارت‌های بین‌فردی از طریق ارتباط مؤدبانه و اخلاقی مبتنی بر آداب تامیانگ، حل تعارض با رویکرد خانوادگی و اجماعی، توانمندسازی معلمان از طریق گروه‌های یادگیری معلمان (kelompok belajar)، شیوه‌های مشارکتی و ایجاد فضای کاری مشارکتی نشان داده شد. این رویکرد انگیزه، تعهد و انضباط معلمان را افزایش داد. (۳) مهارت‌های مفهومی در توانایی مدیران برای تدوین چشم‌انداز و رسالتی مبتنی بر ارزش‌های فرهنگی تامیانگ، تطبیق سیاست‌های ملی آموزشی با زمینه محلی، ایجاد کار تیمی مستحکم، انجام ارزیابی‌های مبتنی بر داده (از جمله گزارش عملکرد مدرسه، دستاوردهای BOS Kinerja و ارزیابی‌های «کلاس زیبا») و مشارکت جامعه و نهادهای سنتی در برنامه‌های مدرسه، از جمله سنت‌هایی مانند پِسِجوک و استفاده از لباس سنتی مالایو تامیانگ مشهود بود. این پژوهش نتیجه می‌گیرد که توانمندی‌های مدیریتی مدیران مدارس مبتنی بر خرد بومی ارزش‌های فرهنگی تامیانگ، از طریق به‌کارگیری مهارت‌های فنی، بین‌فردی و مفهومی ریشه‌دار در سنت‌های محلی، به طور معناداری به بهبود عملکرد معلمان کمک می‌کند. مدیران قادرند برنامه‌ها را از طریق مشورت برنامه‌ریزی کنند، روابط کاری هماهنگ ایجاد نمایند و سیاست‌های آموزشی را متناسب با زمینه فرهنگی تامیانگ تفسیر کنند. ادغام ارزش‌هایی چون همبستگی، همکاری متقابل و مسئولیت اجتماعی، حرفه‌ای‌گری معلمان را تقویت کرده و در عین حال به پرورش شخصیت و هویت فرهنگی دانش‌آموزان می‌انجامد.

Digital transformation is both a challenge and an opportunity for Islamic educational institutions in facing the dynamics of the Industrial Revolution 4.0 and Society 5.0. This study aims to analyze the digital transformation management strategies implemented by Islamic educational institutions in improving the effectiveness of governance and learning quality. The research method used is a qualitative approach with the library research method, which is by examining various literature and the latest research results that are relevant to the topic of digital transformation and Islamic education management. The results of the study show that the success of digital transformation is determined by three main aspects, namely visionary leadership based on Islamic values, strengthening the digital literacy of educators and education personnel, and integrating information technology systems in the management of educational institutions. In addition, it was found that Islamic educational institutions that are able to adapt strategically to technological changes have higher competitiveness in creating an effective, innovative, and characterful learning ecosystem. The conclusion of this study emphasizes the importance of synergy between spiritual values and technological innovation in realizing globally competitive Islamic education in the digital era.

تحول دیجیتال هم‌زمان یک چالش و فرصتی برای مؤسسات آموزشی اسلامی در مواجهه با پویایی‌های انقلاب صنعتی ۴.۰ و جامعه ۵.۰ به‌شمار می‌رود. هدف این پژوهش، تحلیل راهبردهای مدیریت تحول دیجیتال اجراشده توسط مؤسسات آموزشی اسلامی به‌منظور ارتقای اثربخشی حکمرانی و کیفیت یادگیری است. روش پژوهش به‌کاررفته رویکرد کیفی با روش پژوهش کتابخانه‌ای است که از طریق بررسی منابع مختلف و نتایج پژوهش‌های جدید مرتبط با موضوع تحول دیجیتال و مدیریت آموزش اسلامی انجام شده است. نتایج پژوهش نشان می‌دهد که موفقیت تحول دیجیتال توسط سه جنبه اصلی تعیین می‌شود: رهبری آینده‌نگر مبتنی بر ارزش‌های اسلامی، تقویت سواد دیجیتال معلمان و کارکنان آموزشی، و یکپارچه‌سازی سامانه‌های فناوری اطلاعات در مدیریت مؤسسات آموزشی. افزون بر این، مشخص شد مؤسسات آموزشی اسلامی که قادر به سازگاری راهبردی با تغییرات فناورانه هستند، رقابت‌پذیری بالاتری در ایجاد اکوسیستم یادگیری اثربخش، نوآورانه و مبتنی بر شخصیت دارند. نتیجه‌گیری این پژوهش بر اهمیت هم‌افزایی میان ارزش‌های معنوی و نوآوری فناورانه در تحقق آموزش اسلامی رقابت‌پذیر در سطح جهانی در عصر دیجیتال تأکید می‌کند.

The improvement of literacy and numeracy quality is a major challenge in primary education in Indonesia, including in madrasah ibtidaiyah. Various international reports such as the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) and the National Assessment (AN) show the low achievement of Indonesian students in reading, mathematics, and science. This condition is worsened by the dense madrasah curriculum, limited facilities and infrastructure, and the dominance of traditional teacher-centered learning methods. This study aims to analyze innovative learning strategies relevant to improving literacy and numeracy skills among madrasah ibtidaiyah students while maintaining Islamic identity. The method used is library research with a descriptive-analytical approach through a review of academic literature, educational policies, and student achievement data. The study results indicate that strategies such as Project-Based Learning, digital technology integration, and context-based approaches linked to everyday life and religious values are effective in developing students' critical, creative, collaborative, and communicative thinking skills. The implementation of these strategies not only increases learning motivation but also makes literacy and numeracy more applicable and meaningful as life skills aligned with the teachings of the Qur'an and Hadith. Thus, innovative learning strategies have the potential to become an important instrument in improving the quality of Islamic primary education in Indonesia while shaping a generation that is intelligent, critical, creative, and of noble character."

ارتقای کیفیت سواد خواندن و مهارت‌های عددی یکی از چالش‌های اساسی آموزش ابتدایی در اندونزی، از جمله در مدارس ابتدایی اسلامی (مدرسه ابتدایی/مدرسه ابتدایی اسلامی)، به‌شمار می‌رود. گزارش‌های بین‌المللی مختلفی مانند برنامه ارزیابی بین‌المللی دانش‌آموزان (PISA) و ارزیابی ملی (AN) نشان‌دهنده دستاورد پایین دانش‌آموزان اندونزیایی در حوزه‌های خواندن، ریاضیات و علوم است. این وضعیت با تراکم برنامه درسی مدارس ابتدایی اسلامی، محدودیت امکانات و زیرساخت‌ها و غلبه روش‌های سنتی آموزش معلم‌محور تشدید می‌شود. هدف این پژوهش، تحلیل راهبردهای نوآورانه یادگیری مرتبط با ارتقای مهارت‌های سواد خواندن و عددی در میان دانش‌آموزان مدارس ابتدایی اسلامی با حفظ هویت اسلامی است. روش مورد استفاده، پژوهش کتابخانه‌ای با رویکرد توصیفی-تحلیلی از طریق مرور ادبیات علمی، سیاست‌های آموزشی و داده‌های عملکرد دانش‌آموزان است. نتایج پژوهش نشان می‌دهد که راهبردهایی مانند یادگیری مبتنی بر پروژه، ادغام فناوری دیجیتال و رویکردهای مبتنی بر زمینه که با زندگی روزمره و ارزش‌های دینی پیوند خورده‌اند، در توسعه مهارت‌های تفکر انتقادی، خلاقانه، مشارکتی و ارتباطی دانش‌آموزان مؤثر هستند. اجرای این راهبردها نه‌تنها انگیزه یادگیری را افزایش می‌دهد، بلکه سواد خواندن و مهارت‌های عددی را به‌عنوان مهارت‌های زندگی کاربردی‌تر و معنادارتر و همسو با آموزه‌های قرآن و حدیث می‌سازد. بنابراین، راهبردهای نوآورانه یادگیری می‌توانند به‌عنوان ابزاری مهم در ارتقای کیفیت آموزش ابتدایی اسلامی در اندونزی و تربیت نسلی هوشمند، انتقادی، خلاق و با اخلاق نیکو ایفای نقش کنند.

The rapid development of digital technology has significantly affected the character formation of students, as the unfiltered flow of information risks eroding the moral values of the younger generation, while Indonesia's high internet penetration rate has not been matched by adequate digital empowerment readiness. This study aims to analyze and map the concept of digital literacy from an Islamic education perspective and its relevance to character formation of students in the digital era. The research employs a descriptive qualitative approach with a library research design, drawing on nationally and internationally indexed journal articles and relevant institutional reports as data sources, analyzed through content analysis and source triangulation. The findings reveal that digital literacy from an Islamic education perspective is multidimensional, encompassing technical-cognitive, ethical-spiritual, and institutional-pedagogical dimensions, in which Islamic values such as honesty, trustworthiness (amanah), and verification of information (tabayyun) serve as a relevant foundation for strengthening digital media ethics. Islamic Religious Education holds a strategic role as a value counterbalance amid extensive digital content exposure, although a gap remains between the ideal values pursued and the readiness of their implementation in practice. This study recommends developing digital literacy teaching materials that explicitly integrate Islamic values and strengthening educators' capacity to respond to the contemporary digital landscape, while also opening avenues for further empirical research to measure the effectiveness of such integrative models.

رشد سریع فناوری دیجیتال تأثیر قابل توجهی بر شکل‌گیری شخصیت دانش‌آموزان داشته است؛ چرا که جریان بی‌فیلتر اطلاعات، خطر فرسایش ارزش‌های اخلاقی نسل جوان را به همراه دارد، در حالی که نرخ بالای نفوذ اینترنت در اندونزی با آمادگی کافی برای توانمندسازی دیجیتال همراه نبوده است. هدف این پژوهش تحلیل و ترسیم مفهوم سواد دیجیتال از منظر آموزش اسلامی و ارتباط آن با شکل‌گیری شخصیت دانش‌آموزان در عصر دیجیتال است. این پژوهش با رویکرد کیفی توصیفی و با طرح پژوهش کتابخانه‌ای انجام شده است و از مقالات مجلات نمایه‌شده ملی و بین‌المللی و گزارش‌های نهادی مرتبط به عنوان منابع داده بهره گرفته و داده‌ها از طریق تحلیل محتوا و مثلث‌سازی منابع تحلیل شده‌اند. یافته‌ها نشان می‌دهد که سواد دیجیتال از منظر آموزش اسلامی چندبعدی است و ابعاد فنی-شناختی، اخلاقی-معنوی و نهادی-تربیتی را دربرمی‌گیرد، به طوری که ارزش‌های اسلامی همچون صداقت، امانت‌داری (امانه) و راستی‌آزمایی اطلاعات (تبیین) به عنوان بنیانی مرتبط برای تقویت اخلاق رسانه‌های دیجیتال عمل می‌کنند. آموزش دینی اسلامی نقش راهبردی به عنوان موازنه ارزشی در مواجهه با حجم گسترده محتوای دیجیتال ایفا می‌کند، هرچند همچنان فاصله‌ای میان ارزش‌های ایده‌آل مورد نظر و آمادگی برای اجرای عملی آن‌ها وجود دارد. این پژوهش توصیه می‌کند که مواد آموزشی سواد دیجیتال با ادغام صریح ارزش‌های اسلامی توسعه یابد و ظرفیت معلمان برای پاسخگویی به چشم‌انداز معاصر دیجیتال تقویت شود و همچنین زمینه‌ای برای پژوهش‌های تجربی بیشتر به منظور سنجش اثربخشی چنین الگوهای تلفیقی فراهم گردد.

Background-Scientific literacy is an essential competency for senior high school students, yet learning media integrating STEM and the Case Method remain limited. This study developed a STEM-based acid–base e-comic integrated with the Case Method to enhance students' scientific literacy. Objective-This study aimed to evaluate the validity, practicality, and effectiveness of the developed e-comic. Methods-A Research and Development (R&D) approach using the ADDIE model was employed. The product was validated by subject matter, media, and language experts, followed by field testing using a purposive sampling technique; this consisted of an initial field trial involving nine students from class XI IPA 1 and a main field trial involving 35 students from class XI IPA 3 at SMA Muhammadiyah 1 Pontianak. Data were collected using validation sheets, observations, interviews, and teacher and student response questionnaires. Results-The e-comic achieved high validity, with average scores of 4.7 for content and 4.6 for media and language. Teacher and student response scores indicated a highly practical category (96%, 87%, and 83%). The N-gain values ​​of 0.60 in the initial field test and 0.53 in the main field test indicate a moderate level of effectiveness for both criteria. Conclusion-The developed e-comic is valid, practical, and effective for chemistry learning and has the potential to improve students' scientific literacy.

زمینه و هدف: سواد علمی یکی از شایستگی‌های اساسی برای دانش‌آموزان دبیرستان است، اما رسانه‌های آموزشی که STEM و روش موردی را ادغام کنند، همچنان محدود هستند. این پژوهش به توسعه یک کمیک الکترونیکی مبتنی بر STEM درباره اسید و باز با ادغام روش موردی به منظور ارتقای سواد علمی دانش‌آموزان پرداخت. هدف: هدف این پژوهش، ارزیابی روایی، کاربردپذیری و اثربخشی کمیک الکترونیکی توسعه‌یافته بود. روش‌ها: رویکرد پژوهش و توسعه (R&D) با استفاده از مدل ADDIE به کار گرفته شد. محصول توسط متخصصان موضوع، رسانه و زبان مورد ارزیابی روایی قرار گرفت و سپس با استفاده از روش نمونه‌گیری هدفمند در میدان آزمایش شد؛ این فرایند شامل یک آزمون میدانی اولیه با حضور ۹ دانش‌آموز از کلاس یازدهم علوم تجربی ۱ و یک آزمون میدانی اصلی با حضور ۳۵ دانش‌آموز از کلاس یازدهم علوم تجربی ۳ در دبیرستان Muhammadiyah 1 Pontianak بود. داده‌ها با استفاده از برگه‌های ارزیابی روایی، مشاهدات، مصاحبه‌ها و پرسشنامه‌های پاسخ معلمان و دانش‌آموزان گردآوری شد. یافته‌ها: کمیک الکترونیکی از نظر روایی در سطح بالایی قرار گرفت و میانگین نمرات ۴٫۷ برای محتوا و ۴٫۶ برای رسانه و زبان به دست آمد. نمرات پاسخ معلمان و دانش‌آموزان نشان‌دهنده کاربردپذیری بسیار بالا (۹۶٪، ۸۷٪ و ۸۳٪) بود. مقادیر N-gain برابر با ۰٫۶۰ در آزمون میدانی اولیه و ۰٫۵۳ در آزمون میدانی اصلی، اثربخشی متوسط برای هر دو معیار را نشان داد. نتیجه‌گیری: کمیک الکترونیکی توسعه‌یافته از نظر روایی، کاربردپذیری و اثربخشی برای آموزش شیمی مناسب است و پتانسیل ارتقای سواد علمی دانش‌آموزان را دارد.

Demonstrations are a form of public participation in expressing aspirations and opinions in a democratic country. However, demonstrations must be conducted by considering citizens' rights and obligations, as well as applicable laws and regulations. This article aims to examine demonstrations as a form of democratic participation from the perspective of Pancasila and Civic Education, particularly in relation to freedom of expression, human rights, and citizens' responsibilities. This study employs a descriptive qualitative method using a literature review approach. Data were collected through an examination of relevant literature, scientific articles, and legislation. The findings indicate that demonstrations serve as a means for the public to express their aspirations and participate in democratic life. Freedom of expression during demonstrations must be exercised responsibly by respecting the rights of others and complying with applicable laws. In the context of Civic Education, demonstrations can serve as a means of learning about democracy and fostering citizens' awareness of their rights, obligations, and social responsibilities. Furthermore, the development of digital technology influences the dissemination of information and public participation in expressing aspirations. Therefore, understanding democracy, digital literacy, and legal awareness is essential to developing critical, responsible, and democratic citizens.

تظاهرات شکلی از مشارکت عمومی در بیان خواسته‌ها و نظرات در یک کشور دموکراتیک است. با این حال، تظاهرات باید با در نظر گرفتن حقوق و وظایف شهروندان و همچنین قوانین و مقررات جاری انجام شود. هدف این مقاله بررسی تظاهرات به عنوان شکلی از مشارکت دموکراتیک از منظر پانچاسیلا و آموزش شهروندی، به ویژه در ارتباط با آزادی بیان، حقوق بشر و مسئولیت‌های شهروندان است. این پژوهش با استفاده از روش کیفی توصیفی و رویکرد مرور ادبیات انجام شده است. داده‌ها از طریق بررسی منابع مرتبط، مقالات علمی و قوانین جمع‌آوری شده‌اند. یافته‌ها نشان می‌دهد که تظاهرات به عنوان ابزاری برای بیان خواسته‌ها و مشارکت در زندگی دموکراتیک جامعه عمل می‌کند. آزادی بیان در جریان تظاهرات باید به صورت مسئولانه و با احترام به حقوق دیگران و رعایت قوانین جاری اعمال شود. در زمینه آموزش شهروندی، تظاهرات می‌تواند به عنوان ابزاری برای یادگیری دموکراسی و تقویت آگاهی شهروندان نسبت به حقوق، وظایف و مسئولیت‌های اجتماعی آنان عمل کند. علاوه بر این، توسعه فناوری دیجیتال بر انتشار اطلاعات و مشارکت عمومی در بیان خواسته‌ها تأثیر می‌گذارد. بنابراین، درک دموکراسی، سواد دیجیتال و آگاهی حقوقی برای پرورش شهروندانی منتقد، مسئول و دموکراتیک ضروری است.

This study aims to: (1) describe the form of leadership transformation of the Principal of SDN 1 Rempek; (2) describe the strategies of the Principal of SDN 1 Rempek in building synergy among school members; and (3) describe the innovation strategies of the Principal of SDN 1 Rempek in improving teacher performance. This study employed a qualitative approach with a case study design. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with the principal and three teachers, observations, and documentation studies. Data were analyzed using Miles and Huberman's interactive model. The results showed that: (1) the principal had implemented all four dimensions of transformational leadership including idealized influence through discipline modeling, inspirational motivation through teacher involvement in curriculum development, intellectual stimulation through training facilitation, and individualized consideration through personal mentoring; (2) synergy was built through regular evaluation meetings, internal teacher working groups, and informal interactions with the principal acting as facilitator and mediator; and (3) innovation focused on strengthening literacy and numeracy through collaborative learning, reading corners, and project-based learning. Keywords: Transformational Leadership, Synergy, Innovation, Teacher Performance, Primary School Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) mendeskripsikan bentuk transformasi kepemimpinan Kepala SDN 1 Rempek; (2) mendeskripsikan strategi Kepala SDN 1 Rempek dalam membangun sinergi warga sekolah; dan (3) mendeskripsikan strategi inovasi Kepala SDN 1 Rempek dalam meningkatkan kinerja guru. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan rancangan studi kasus. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara mendalam dengan kepala sekolah dan tiga guru, observasi, serta studi dokumentasi. Data dianalisis menggunakan model interaktif Miles dan Huberman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) kepala sekolah telah menerapkan keempat dimensi kepemimpinan transformasional yang meliputi pengaruh ideal melalui keteladanan disiplin, motivasi inspirasional melalui pelibatan guru dalam penyusunan kurikulum, stimulasi intelektual melalui fasilitasi pelatihan, dan pertimbangan individual melalui pendampingan personal; (2) sinergi dibangun melalui rapat evaluasi rutin, MGMP internal, dan interaksi informal dengan kepala sekolah berperan sebagai fasilitator dan mediator; serta (3) inovasi difokuskan pada penguatan literasi dan numerasi melalui pembelajaran kolaboratif, pojok baca, dan pembelajaran berbasis proyek. Kata Kunci: Sekolah Ramah Anak, Iklim Sekolah, Implementasi Program, Sekolah Menengah Pertama

این پژوهش با اهداف زیر انجام شده‌است: (۱) توصیف شکل تحول رهبری مدیر مدرسه SDN 1 Rempek؛ (۲) توصیف راهبردهای مدیر مدرسه SDN 1 Rempek در ایجاد هم‌افزایی میان اعضای مدرسه؛ و (۳) توصیف راهبردهای نوآورانه مدیر مدرسه SDN 1 Rempek در بهبود عملکرد معلمان. این پژوهش با رویکرد کیفی و با طرح مطالعه موردی انجام شده‌است. داده‌ها از طریق مصاحبه‌های عمیق با مدیر مدرسه و سه معلم، مشاهده و مطالعات اسنادی گردآوری شد. تحلیل داده‌ها با استفاده از مدل تعاملی Miles و Huberman صورت گرفت. نتایج نشان داد: (۱) مدیر مدرسه هر چهار بُعد رهبری تحول‌آفرین را اجرا کرده‌است که شامل نفوذ آرمانی از طریق الگوسازی انضباط، انگیزش الهام‌بخش از طریق مشارکت معلمان در توسعه برنامه درسی، تحریک فکری از طریق تسهیل آموزش‌ها و توجه فردی از طریق مشاوره شخصی می‌باشد؛ (۲) هم‌افزایی از طریق جلسات ارزیابی منظم، گروه‌های کاری داخلی معلمان و تعاملات غیررسمی با نقش مدیر به عنوان تسهیل‌گر و میانجی ایجاد شده‌است؛ و (۳) نوآوری بر تقویت سواد خواندن و ریاضی از طریق یادگیری مشارکتی، گوشه‌های مطالعه و یادگیری مبتنی بر پروژه متمرکز بوده‌است.

The integration of emerging biomedical research into higher education offers opportunities to develop scientific reasoning, biotechnology literacy, and innovation-oriented competencies. This study explores the potential of Challenge-Based Learning (CBL) through breast-milk-derived bioactive peptides and cancer research as an authentic context for biotechnology education. A qualitative descriptive research design is employed, involving students from biotechnology, biology, biomedical science, or related higher education programs. Data are collected through students’ written reflections, group discussions, and proposed solutions developed during structured learning activities. The data are analyzed thematically to examine three dimensions: biotechnology literacy and understanding of scientific evidence, scientific reasoning and critical thinking, and biomedical innovation and responsible problem-solving. The study positions breast-milk-derived bioactive compounds as a context for examining molecular biology, evaluating experimental and clinical evidence, and understanding the translation of scientific discoveries into potential therapeutic applications. Rather than treating emerging biomedical research as established clinical practice, the learning framework emphasizes scientific accuracy, recognition of uncertainty, and ethical responsibility. This study is expected to contribute to biotechnology education by providing insights into the use of authentic biomedical challenges to support interdisciplinary learning and responsible innovation. The findings may inform the design of educational activities that connect scientific knowledge with contemporary biomedical research without requiring specialized laboratory facilities.

ادغام پژوهش‌های نوین زیست‌پزشکی در آموزش عالی فرصت‌هایی را برای توسعه استدلال علمی، سواد زیست‌فناوری و شایستگی‌های نوآورانه فراهم می‌کند. این مطالعه پتانسیل یادگیری مبتنی بر چالش (CBL) را از طریق پپتیدهای زیست‌فعال مشتق‌شده از شیر مادر و پژوهش سرطان به عنوان بستری اصیل برای آموزش زیست‌فناوری بررسی می‌کند. طرح پژوهش توصیفی کیفی به کار گرفته شده و دانشجویان رشته‌های زیست‌فناوری، زیست‌شناسی، علوم زیست‌پزشکی یا برنامه‌های مرتبط آموزش عالی را دربر می‌گیرد. داده‌ها از طریق تأملات مکتوب دانشجویان، بحث‌های گروهی و راه‌حل‌های پیشنهادی که طی فعالیت‌های آموزشی ساختارمند توسعه یافته‌اند، گردآوری می‌شوند. داده‌ها به صورت تماتیک تحلیل می‌شوند تا سه بُعد را بررسی کنند: سواد زیست‌فناوری و درک شواهد علمی، استدلال علمی و تفکر انتقادی، و نوآوری زیست‌پزشکی و حل مسئله مسئولانه. این مطالعه ترکیبات زیست‌فعال مشتق‌شده از شیر مادر را به عنوان بستری برای بررسی زیست‌شناسی مولکولی، ارزیابی شواهد تجربی و بالینی، و درک ترجمه کشفیات علمی به کاربردهای درمانی بالقوه مطرح می‌کند. به جای تلقی پژوهش‌های نوین زیست‌پزشکی به عنوان عمل بالینی تثبیت‌شده، چارچوب یادگیری بر دقت علمی، شناسایی عدم قطعیت و مسئولیت اخلاقی تأکید دارد. انتظار می‌رود این مطالعه با ارائه بینش‌هایی درباره استفاده از چالش‌های اصیل زیست‌پزشکی برای حمایت از یادگیری میان‌رشته‌ای و نوآوری مسئولانه، به آموزش زیست‌فناوری کمک کند. یافته‌ها می‌توانند طراحی فعالیت‌های آموزشی را که دانش علمی را به پژوهش‌های معاصر زیست‌پزشکی پیوند می‌دهند، بدون نیاز به امکانات تخصصی آزمایشگاهی، اطلاع‌رسانی کنند.