Research Design

Quality higher education plays a vital role in sustainable development by equipping graduates with knowledge, competencies, and skills required for economic and societal development. This study examined the relationship between instructional strategies and the employability skills of undergraduate students in the School of Art and Industrial Design at Kyambogo University, Uganda. Specifically, it investigated the relationships between cooperative teaching, collaborative teaching, inquiry/discovery learning, independent study, experiential (authentic) learning, project-based learning, and students’ employability skills. The study adopted a quantitative approach using a correlational research design. Data were collected from 378 third-year undergraduate students using a structured self-administered questionnaire. Pearson’s product-moment correlation and multiple regression analyses were used to determine the direction and statistical associations between instructional strategies and employability skills. Findings showed that cooperative teaching, inquiry/discovery learning, and experiential teaching had positive statistically significant associations with employability skills, whereas collaborative teaching had a negative statistical association. Independent study and project-based teaching had no statistically significant unique associations with employability skills. Inquiry/discovery teaching demonstrated the strongest statistical association with employability skills among the strategies examined. The study concluded that instructional strategies had different statistical associations with employability skills and that learner-centred approaches are most beneficial when they actively engage students in cooperative, inquiry-oriented, and authentic learning experiences aligned with intended graduate outcomes. The study recommended strengthening cooperative, inquiry, and experiential teaching through structured group tasks, inquiry-based activities, and authentic practical experiences. It further recommended improving the design and implementation of collaborative, independent, and project-based learning to enhance their contribution to graduate employability skills.

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection remains a growing public health concern in the Philippines, where new infections rose by about 550% between 2010 and 2024 and diagnosis gaps persist in CALABARZON. Nurses are often the first and most sustained point of contact in HIV testing and care, yet knowledge gaps, stigmatizing attitudes, and procedure-focused training may limit their ability to provide compassionate, person-centered counseling. This study aims to develop and validate a Caring-Based HIV Counseling Training Program for Nurses in Laguna, Philippines, using a methodological research design and a modified Delphi technique. Registered nurses from selected government and private healthcare facilities in Laguna will complete a researcher-developed training-needs assessment questionnaire covering six competency domains: HIV-related knowledge; counseling and therapeutic communication; caring behaviors and person-centered practice; ethical and legal responsibilities; cultural sensitivity and stigma reduction; and linkage to prevention, treatment, care, and support. The questionnaire will undergo expert review, pilot testing, and reliability testing using Cronbach’s alpha. The needs-assessment findings, together with a review of current literature and guidelines, will inform a preliminary training program, which a multidisciplinary panel of approximately 15 to 20 experts will evaluate over successive anonymous Delphi rounds for relevance, clarity, comprehensiveness, cultural appropriateness, feasibility, and applicability. Consensus is defined in advance as at least 80% expert agreement, a median rating of at least 3.00, and an interquartile range of no more than 1.00. Content validity will be established through an Item-Level Content Validity Index of at least .78 and a Scale-Level Content Validity Index (average) of at least .90, overall agreement will be measured with Kendall’s coefficient of concordance, and the experts’ qualitative comments will undergo directed content analysis. The study is expected to produce an expert-validated, contextually relevant training program that strengthens nurses’ capacity to deliver compassionate, stigma-free HIV counseling, with its effectiveness to be tested in a future pilot or quasi-experimental study.

This study examined the classroom and instructional management practices of new and experienced teachers and their relationship with students’ learning engagement in selected public secondary schools in Cortes District, Division of Bohol, during School Year 2026–2027. Anchored in the Classroom Management Scripts Model, Instructional Clarity Framework, Multidimensional Student Engagement Framework, and Huberman’s Teacher Career Cycle, the study employed a quantitative comparative-correlational research design. Respondents comprised 15 new teachers, 46 experienced teachers, and 278 students, totaling 339 participants. Data were gathered using a researcher-modified, validated, and pilot-tested questionnaire and analyzed through descriptive statistics, Pearson product–moment correlation, and independent-samples t-tests. Results revealed consistently high classroom and instructional management practices among both teacher groups, with no statistically significant differences. Classroom management and instructional management exhibited a strong positive relationship (r = 0.724, p < 0.001), whereas neither classroom management (r = 0.040, p = 0.760) nor instructional management (r = −0.062, p = 0.635) was significantly associated with students’ overall learning engagement. Students taught by new teachers demonstrated significantly higher overall and emotional engagement (p = 0.017), while behavioral and cognitive engagement showed no significant differences. The study concluded that teaching experience alone does not determine management effectiveness and that favorable management practices do not necessarily correspond to higher student engagement. A school-based professional development program emphasizing mentoring, collaborative lesson planning, peer observation, and instructional improvement was proposed. The study supports Sustainable Development Goal 4 (Quality Education) by promoting effective teaching, inclusive learning environments, and continuous professional growth. Its educational and institutional sustainability contribution lies in providing localized evidence to guide sustained professional development and improvements in students’ learning experiences.

Insecurity has become a significant threat to the effective delivery of basic education in Nigeria, particularly in communities affected by banditry, kidnapping, armed attacks, and communal violence. This study examined the influence of insecurity on teaching-learning outcomes in Universal Basic Education primary schools in Kagarko Local Government Area, Kaduna State, Nigeria. Specifically, it investigated the effects of insecurity on pupils’ academic performance and school attendance and identified strategies for reducing its adverse effects. The study adopted a qualitative documentary research design and relied on secondary data obtained from government publications, policy documents, institutional reports, international organisations, and peer-reviewed journal articles. The selected documents were analysed using qualitative content analysis and organised according to the study’s major themes. The findings revealed that insecurity negatively affects pupils’ academic performance by reducing instructional time, disrupting curriculum coverage, weakening concentration, and creating fear within the learning environment. It also reduces school attendance as parents may prevent their children from attending school because of kidnapping, attacks, unsafe travel routes, and instability within surrounding communities. Consequently, insecurity undermines the implementation of Universal Basic Education by limiting regular participation and disrupting stable teaching and learning conditions. The study concludes that ensuring school safety is essential for achieving the objectives of free and compulsory basic education. It recommends strengthening school security, implementing the Minimum Standards for Safe Schools, improving community participation, providing psychosocial support, protecting routes to school, establishing emergency response systems, and adopting flexible learning arrangements during periods of disruption.

This study examined the perceived impact of active learning as a teaching strategy among 20 overseas Filipino teachers working in schools across the United Arab Emirates. Guided by the five Whole Child tenets and an Input-Process-Output framework, the study explored teachers’ experiences with active learning, their views on its classroom application, and its perceived contribution to student learning. A quantitative research design was employed using an adapted questionnaire with a five-point Likert scale. Responses were analyzed through frequency counts and mean scores to describe participants’ perceptions and reported practices. Findings indicated that most respondents regularly incorporated active learning strategies into their teaching and expressed favorable attitudes toward their implementation. Teachers perceived these approaches as encouraging student participation, strengthening the integration of learning, promoting classroom engagement, and supporting improvements in instructional practice. However, respondents also identified practical challenges that constrained implementation, including limited training and experience with active learning methodologies, inadequate funding for instructional materials, and classroom seating arrangements that were not conducive to interactive activities. The findings underscore the importance of institutional support in helping teachers translate favorable perceptions into effective classroom practices. The study recommends targeted professional development to strengthen teachers’ competence in active learning, revisions to departmental plans to facilitate the integration of these strategies, and improved consideration of classroom resources and learning environments. Further investigation from students’ perspectives is recommended to provide additional insight into how active learning is experienced and how it may contribute to learning outcomes in international school settings across the United Arab Emirates.

Toilet training is an essential developmental process that fosters discipline and independence in early childhood. The acquisition of toileting skills is significantly influenced by parenting approaches. Authoritative (democratic) parenting, characterized by warmth, two-way communication, and clear boundaries, offers supportive guidance during this developmental transition. This study aimed to investigate the effect of an authoritative parenting style on toilet training ability among children aged 3–4 years. A quantitative research design with a correlational approach was employed, involving 206 parents of children aged 3–4 years selected via questionnaire distribution. Data were collected using the adapted Parenting Styles and Dimensions Questionnaire-Short Version (PSDQ-SV) and the Toilet Training Readiness Scale (TTRS), and analyzed using binary logistic regression. The results revealed a statistically significant association between authoritative parenting and toilet training outcome (p = .018, p .05), though accounting for a modest proportion of the overall variance. These findings suggest that while authoritative parenting contributes positively to early toilet training progression, consistent parental guidance and child-centered readiness factors remain vital.

Digital technology is increasingly being incorporated into higher education, creating new ways to teach and interact with students. However, technology alone does not necessarily enhance student engagement. This study investigates the effects of four Technology-Integrated Curriculum dimensions on Student Engagement. A quantitative research design was adopted. A survey questionnaire was completed by 388 hinger education students from Shandong Province in China. The four dimensions studied were Balance of Curriculum, Technology, and Pedagogy; Content Knowledge and Supports Meaningful Learning; Enables Differentiated Instruction; and Encourages Innovation. Data analysis using descriptive and inferential statistical techniques. The results showed significant positive effects of all four study dimensions on Student Engagement (p < .001). Enables Differentiated Instruction demonstrated the strongest effect (? = .430, t = 12.358), followed by Balance of Curriculum, Technology, and Pedagogy (? = .408, t = 13.934), Encourages Innovation (? = .406, t = 12.237), and Content Knowledge and Supports Meaningful Learning (? = .364, t = 11.326). All four alternative hypotheses (Ha1–Ha4) were supported. The findings reveal the significance of the integration of technology with appropriate pedagogy and curriculum rather than regarding technology as an independent educational medium. This study, therefore, provides empirical evidence of how technology-integrated curriculum influences Student Engagement within the context of Chinese higher education. More importantly, higher education institutions should focus more on strengthening technology-supported differentiated instruction and fostering meaningful learning, pedagogical alignment, and innovation in the Technology-Integrated Curriculum for future studies. Future studies should examine the relationships between various entities with diverse configurations.

This study examined how classroom observation by school leaders influenced teachers’ effectiveness in lesson preparation and presentation in public secondary schools in Kyerwa District Council, Kagera, Tanzania. The study was guided by the pragmatist paradigm and employed a mixed-methods approach using a convergent parallel research design. A sample of 87 respondents was selected through stratified random, simple random, and purposive sampling techniques. The sample size was determined using Yamane’s (1967) formula (n=N/[1+N(e)^2]). Quantitative data were collected using structured questionnaires and classroom observation checklists, while qualitative data were collected through semi-structured interviews. Quantitative data were analysed using frequencies, percentages, means, correlation, and regression analysis, whereas qualitative data were analysed thematically. The findings indicated that classroom observation by school leaders contributed to teachers’ effectiveness in lesson preparation and presentation through professional feedback, identification of instructional weaknesses, guidance, and follow-up support. The findings further showed that regular and constructive classroom observation enhanced teachers’ preparedness, organisation of lesson content, use of teaching and learning materials, and classroom presentation practices. However, inadequate time, limited follow-up, and competing administrative responsibilities constrained the effectiveness of classroom observation. The study concluded that systematic, supportive, and constructive classroom observation was an important instructional supervision practice for improving teachers’ effectiveness in lesson preparation and presentation. The study recommended that school leaders and education authorities should strengthen regular classroom observation, professional feedback, and follow-up mechanisms to promote continuous improvement in teaching practices.

Psychological distress during young adulthood may be influenced by early emotional experiences and current interpersonal relationships. The current study investigates the relationship between childhood emotional neglect, peer support and psychological distress in young adults. A quantitative research design was used with 200 participants aged 18-25 years selected through purposive sampling from educational institutions of Lahore. Childhood emotional neglect, peer support and psychological distress were measured with the Childhood Emotional Neglect Questionnaire (CENQ), Multidimensional Scale of Perceived social support (MSPSS), and Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10), respectively. Data were analyzed using Pearson- product moment correlation, hierarchical regression, PROCESS moderation analysis and one way ANOVA. Childhood emotional neglect was significantly and positively associated with psychological distress while peer support was not significantly and directly associated with psychological distress. Hierarchical regression indicates that psychological distress was significantly predicted by childhood emotional neglect, while peer support was not a significant direct predictor. The regression model explained 12.5% of variance in psychological distress. Moderation analysis showed significant interaction effects of friends’ support (P= .017) and family support (P= .032), indicating that these sources of support moderated the relationship between childhood emotional neglect and psychological distress. There were significant socio-economic differences for childhood emotional and peer support, but not for psychological distress. The findings highlight the importance of considering childhood emotional experiences and interpersonal resources when understanding psychological distress among young adults.

The present study investigated the mediating effect of spiritual wellbeing on the relationship between mindfulness and emotion dysregulation among young adults. The sample N=200 were selected for the present research. A cross-sectional correlational research design was used for the present study. Through the convenience sampling technique, data were gathered by using the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ) by Baer et al. (2006), the Spiritual Well-Being Scale (SWBS) by Paloutzian and Ellison (1982) Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) by Gratz and Roemer (2004). According to the results, spiritual well-being is positively correlated with mindfulness and its dimensions (observing, describing, acting with awareness, non-judging, non-reactivity). Emotional dysregulation is negatively linked to mindfulness. Mediation analysis showed a significant prediction by mindfulness of spiritual well-being and emotional dysregulation. It was also found that spiritual well-being predicts emotional dysregulation. In addition, spiritual well-being was found to be a mediating factor through which emotional dysregulation and mindfulness are linked. According to the study, interventions aimed at enhancing emotional resilience and well-being in people will be of interest for the mental health section.

Reading achievement is influenced by a variety of cognitive and affective elements, with reading motivation and metacognitive awareness identified as two of the most important. This study examined (1) the relationship of students' reading motivation and reading achievement, (2) the relationship between metacognitive awareness and reading achievement, and (3) the combined contribution of reading motivation and metacognitive awareness to reading achievement among eleventh-grade students at SMAN 1 Sungai Lilin. Employing a quantitative correlational research design, The population for this research comprised 344 students enrolled in the eleventh grade from ten classes. Cluster random sampling was then applied to obtain a sample of 106 students. Data were gathered through the Motivation for Reading Questionnaire (MRQ), the Survey of Reading Strategies (SORS), and a reading achievement test. The obtained data were processed and analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics version 25, which included descriptive statistics, Pearson product-moment correlation, partial correlation, and multiple regression. The findings showed that a positive relationship of moderate strength was associated with reading achievement (r = .600, p < .001), whereas metacognitive awareness demonstrated a strong positive relationship with reading achievement (r = .791, p < .001). In addition, the partial correlation analysis revealed a significant but weak positive association between reading motivation and metacognitive awareness after controlling for reading achievement (r = .304, p = .002). Reading motivation and metacognitive awareness explained 64.5% of the variation associated with reading achievement (R² =.645), according to the multiple regression analysis. These findings underscore the important roles of both reading motivation and metacognitive awareness in supporting students' reading achievement and suggest that both factors should be explicitly integrated into reading instruction to enhance students' reading performance

This study examined the relationship between innovative and inclusive teaching practices and student motivation and academic performance among Grade 5 and Grade 6 pupils in selected public elementary schools in Lutayan, Sultan Kudarat, Philippines, during the School Year 2025–2026. Specifically, it determined the level of innovative teaching practices in terms of teaching strategies, use of instructional materials and technology, and student engagement activities; assessed inclusive teaching practices in terms of respect for learner diversity, equal participation, and support for diverse learning needs; identified the level of student motivation; and examined the relationships between these variables and academic performance. A descriptive-correlational research design using a quantitative approach was employed. Data were gathered from 97 Grade 5 and Grade 6 pupils through a validated researcher-made questionnaire with a reliability coefficient of 0.892, indicating strong internal consistency. Descriptive statistics and correlational analysis were used to analyze the data. Findings revealed that School administrators should provide sustained professional development to strengthen teachers’ innovative and inclusive instructional approaches and allocate resources to enhance access to technology and learning materials. Teachers should consistently apply differentiated, student-centered strategies and foster welcoming, diversity-affirming classrooms to boost student motivation and equitable achievement further further. Parents and guardians should reinforce school learning at home by encouraging curiosity, effort, and consistent study habits, and maintaining open communication with teachers. Future researchers should conduct experimental or longitudinal studies to examine cause-and-effect relationships and explore additional factors influencing academic performance beyond those investigated in this study. Innovative teaching practices, inclusive teaching practices, and student motivation were rated at a high level, which means teachers effectively practice inclusive teaching by recognizing learner diversity, promoting equal participation, and providing support to students with different learning needs; teachers also frequently use innovative teaching practices, apply engaging teaching strategies, integrate instructional materials and technology, and promote active student engagement in classroom learning activities. Furthermore, significant positive relationships were found between innovative teaching practices and academic performance, inclusive teaching practices and academic performance, and student motivation and academic performance, with a moderate correlation coefficient (r = 0.57). Overall, the findings indicate that these educational variables are positively associated with academic performance among the respondents.

The education of young children constitutes the foundation of their cognitive, social, emotional, and behavioural development. Teacher psychological capital, emotional intelligence, and work engagement are personal resources that may be associated with good teaching practices and child development as perceived by teachers. Using COR theory, this study examined the relationships among teacher psychological capital, emotional intelligence, work engagement, teaching effectiveness, and teacher-reported children's developmental outcomes of early childhood educators in Lagos State, Nigeria. The study employed a correlational research design. A sample of 202 early childhood educators was selected through a multistage sampling process, in which five children per teacher's classroom were selected, resulting in a total of 1,010 children rated using the Early Development Instrument (EDI). The data for the study were gathered using the Psychological Capital Questionnaire, the Wong and Law Emotional Intelligence Scale, the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale, the Classroom Assessment Scoring System (CLASS) Pre-K, and the EDI Teacher Version. The scores of five children per teacher were aggregated to measure teacher-level indicators of child developmental outcomes. Data analysis was done using Pearson product-moment correlation, multiple regression, and hierarchical multiple regression at the 0.05 level of significance. The results indicated significant positive correlations among the research variables. Psychological capital, emotional intelligence, and work engagement, both together and individually, made significant contributions to teaching effectiveness and teacher-rated children’s developmental outcomes. Teaching experience and school ownership also significantly moderated the relationship between the independent and dependent variables. This research therefore concludes that psychological capital, emotional intelligence, and work engagement are significant resources for teachers, contributing to teaching effectiveness and teacher-rated children’s developmental outcomes.

Despite growing concerns about mental health difficulties among children and youth, limited empirical evidence exists on the extent to which adverse childhood experiences and resilience predict mental health difficulties among school-going children and youth in rural communities. This research explored the prevalence and psychosocial predictors of mental health difficulties among children and youth. The study adopted a correlational and descriptive research design. Respondents consisted of 837 children and youth, who were selected from Johannesburg West Education District. They were assessed using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), the Adverse Childhood Experiences Questionnaire (ACE-Q), and the Child and Youth Resilience Measure (CYRM) as data-collection instruments. Frequencies and percentages, regression analysis, and moderation analysis were conducted using Hayes' PROCESS Macro. Findings revealed that about 44.4%, 18.3%, and 37.3% of the participants were within the normal, borderline, and abnormal ranges of mental health well-being, respectively. Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) significantly predicted mental health difficulties (β = .238, t = 7.071, p < .001), contributing about 5.6% of the variation in mental health difficulties among youth and children. Resilience is also a significant predictor (β = −.121, t = −3.524, p < .001), accounting for about 1.5% of the variation in mental health problems; higher resilience was associated with lower levels of mental health difficulties. Moderation analyses showed that age and gender did not significantly moderate the relationships between ACEs, resilience, and mental health difficulties. The study concludes that ACEs constitute a significant risk factor, whereas resilience serves as a protective factor. The findings highlight the need for trauma-informed interventions, resilience-building programmes, and comprehensive mental health support services to promote positive mental health outcomes among children and youth.

This study investigated the relationships between students’ metacognitive skills, scientific reasoning ability, learning motivation, and achievement in Physics among secondary school students in Nigeria. A correlational research design was adopted for the study. The population comprised 894 Senior Secondary School II (SS II) students offering Physics in public secondary schools in Mbaitoli Local Government Area of Imo State, Nigeria, while a sample of 312 students was selected using simple random sampling. Data were collected using four instruments: Physics Achievement Test (PAT), Metacognitive Skills Questionnaire (MSQ), Scientific Reasoning Ability Test (SRAT), and Physics Learning Motivation Questionnaire (PLMQ). The instruments were validated by experts in Physics Education and Measurement and Evaluation, while reliability coefficients ranged from 0.75 to 0.83. Data were analyzed using Pearson Product-Moment Correlation at the 0.05 level of significance. The findings revealed significant positive relationships between metacognitive skills and Physics achievement, r(310) = 0.482, p< .001; scientific reasoning ability and Physics achievement, r(310) = .526, p< .001; and learning motivation and Physics achievement, r(310) = .587, p< .001. The findings indicate that students with higher levels of metacognitive skills, scientific reasoning ability, and learning motivation tended to demonstrate higher achievement in Physics. The study concludes that these learner-related characteristics are important factors associated with students’ Physics achievement. It is recommended that Physics teachers integrate metacognitive strategies, scientific reasoning activities, and motivational approaches into classroom instruction to support students’ engagement and achievement in Physics.

این پژوهش به بررسی روابط بین مهارت‌های فراشناختی، توانایی استدلال علمی، انگیزش یادگیری و پیشرفت در فیزیک میان دانش‌آموزان دبیرستانی در نیجریه پرداخت. برای این مطالعه از طرح پژوهشی همبستگی استفاده شد. جامعه آماری شامل ۸۹۴ نفر از دانش‌آموزان پایه دهم (SS II) بود که دروس فیزیک را در مدارس دولتی ناحیه محلی Mbaitoli ایالت Imo نیجریه می‌گذراندند، در حالی که نمونه‌ای به حجم ۳۱۲ نفر با استفاده از نمونه‌گیری تصادفی ساده انتخاب شد. داده‌ها با استفاده از چهار ابزار گردآوری شدند: آزمون پیشرفت فیزیک (PAT)، پرسشنامه مهارت‌های فراشناختی (MSQ)، آزمون توانایی استدلال علمی (SRAT) و پرسشنامه انگیزش یادگیری فیزیک (PLMQ). روایی ابزارها توسط متخصصان آموزش فیزیک و سنجش و اندازه‌گیری تأیید شد و ضرایب پایایی آن‌ها بین ۰.۷۵ تا ۰.۸۳ متغیر بود. داده‌ها با استفاده از همبستگی حاصل‌ضرب-مoment پیرسون در سطح معناداری ۰.۰۵ تحلیل شدند. یافته‌ها نشان‌دهنده روابط مثبت معنادار بین مهارت‌های فراشناختی و پیشرفت فیزیک، r(310) = 0.482, p< .001؛ توانایی استدلال علمی و پیشرفت فیزیک، r(310) = .526, p< .001؛ و انگیزش یادگیری و پیشرفت فیزیک، r(310) = .587, p< .001 بود. یافته‌ها نشان می‌دهند که دانش‌آموزانی که سطوح بالاتری از مهارت‌های فراشناختی، توانایی استدلال علمی و انگیزش یادگیری دارند، تمایل به کسب پیشرفت بالاتر در فیزیک دارند. این مطالعه نتیجه می‌گیرد که این ویژگی‌های مرتبط با فراگیران، عوامل مهمی هستند که با پیشرفت فیزیک دانش‌آموزان مرتبط‌اند. توصیه می‌شود معلمان فیزیک راهبردهای فراشناختی، فعالیت‌های استدلال علمی و رویکردهای انگیزشی را در تدریس کلاسی برای حمایت از مشارکت و پیشرفت دانش‌آموزان در فیزیک ادغام کنند.

The advancement of digital technology and the evolving demands of the professional landscape require vocational high school (SMK) students to possess a level of work readiness that aligns with the needs of the business and industrial sectors. However, preliminary research involving students in the Office Management and Business Services (MPLB) program at SMKN 2 Tuban indicates that their work readiness is not yet optimal; this is evidenced by limitations in seeking and utilizing information, as well as a mismatch between the competencies they possess and the requirements of the workplace. This situation underscores the importance of this study, which aims to identify the factors influencing the work readiness of MPLB students at SMKN 2 Tuban. Specifically, this research analyzes the impact of digital literacy, independent learning, and the use of information technology on the work readiness of these students, both individually and collectively. The study employs a quantitative approach with an explanatory research design. The population consists of MPLB students at SMKN 2 Tuban, with a sample of 207 respondents selected via simple random sampling. Data were collected using a Likert-scale questionnaire and analyzed through multiple linear regression, t-tests, F-tests, and the coefficient of determination. The findings reveal that digital literacy, independent learning, and the use of information technology each have a positive and significant impact on work readiness. Furthermore, these three factors, digital literacy, independent learning, and the use of information technology collectively exert a positive and significant influence on work readiness. Among these, independent learning emerges as the most dominant variable, highlighting that a student's ability to manage their own learning process is a crucial aspect of fostering work readiness. An adjusted R-squared value of 0.624 indicates that the three independent variables account for 62.4% of the variation in work readiness, while the remaining 37.6% is attributed to factors outside the scope of this study. In conclusion, digital literacy, independent learning, and the use of information technology collectively have a positive and significant effect on the work readiness of MPLB students at SMKN 2 Tuban. ABSTRAK Perkembangan teknologi digital dan perubahan tuntutan dunia kerja menuntut siswa sekolah menengah kejuruan (SMK) memiliki kesiapan kerja yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan dunia usaha dan dunia industri. Namun, hasil pra penelitian pada siswa MPLB SMKN 2 Tuban menunjukkan bahwa kesiapan kerja belum optimal, yang ditandai dengan keterbatasan dalam mencari dan memanfaatkan informasi serta ketidaksesuaian antara kompetensi yang dimiliki dengan kebutuhan dunia kerja. Kondisi tersebut menjadi alasan penelitian ini penting dilakukan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kesiapan kerja siswa MPLB SMKN 2 Tuban. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh Literasi digital, kemandirian belajar, dan penggunaan teknologi informasi terhadap kesiapan kerja siswa MPLB SMKN 2 Tuban baik secara parsial maupun simultan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan desain explanatory research. Populasi penelitian adalah siswa MPLB SMKN 2 Tuban dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 207 responden yang dipilih menggunakan teknik simple random sampling. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui kuesioner dengan skala Likert. Analisis data menggunakan regresi linier berganda, uji t, uji F, dan koefisien determinasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa literasi digital berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kesiapan kerja, kemandirian belajar berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kesiapan kerja, penggunaan teknologi informasi berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kesiapan kerja. Literasi digital, kemandirian belajar, dan penggunaan teknologi informasi secara simultan berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kesiapan kerja. Kemandirian belajar merupakan variabel yang paling dominan dalam mempengaruhi kesiapan kerja. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan siswa mengelola proses belajar secara mandiri menjadi aspek penting dalam mendukung kesiapan kerja. Nilai Adjusted R sebesar 0,624 menunjukkan bahwa ketiga variabel independen mampu menjelaskan 62,4% variasi kesiapan kerja, sedangkan 37,6% dijelaskan oleh faktor lain diluar penelitian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Literasi digital, kemandirian belajar, dan penggunaan teknologi informasi secara simultan berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kesiapan kerja siswa MPLB SMKN 2 Tuban.

While research into inclusivity and dyslexia, a neurodevelopmental condition affecting language learning, has gained greater attention, multilevel stakeholders’ perspectives across both public schools and teacher education programs remain underexplored. Addressing this gap, this study adapts the broader UNESCO Policy Review Framework as a lens for investigating dyslexia-friendly inclusive practices among ELT stakeholders, including in-service teachers, school administrators, teacher educators, and university administrators in the Riau Islands, Indonesia. Utilizing a mixed-methods research design, this study gathered data through questionnaires, classroom observations, and semi-structured interviews. Subsequently, data were analyzed via descriptive statistics and thematic analysis. Results revealed limited awareness of dyslexia and inclusive education, alongside misconceptions and reliance on special schools. Although inclusive practices were evident (mainly differentiated instruction), specific support for students with dyslexia remained unaddressed. Despite inclusion being viewed positively and mandated within the education system, its implementation remained weak. The study offers implications for systemic reform, suggesting that ELT stakeholders enhance their inclusive practices through training and developing inclusive institutional management. Additionally, teacher education institutions should pursue curricular adjustments to incorporate dyslexia-friendly inclusive practices.

This study investigated the relationship between Senior High School mathematics teachers’ epistemological knowledge and mathematical discourse practices, examined differences based on selected profile variables, and determined the predictive influence of epistemological knowledge on discourse practices. Employing a descriptive-correlational research design, the study involved 43 Senior High School mathematics teachers from 13 public secondary schools in the Schools Division of Lipa City, selected through total population sampling. Data were gathered using two researcher-developed instruments: the Epistemological Knowledge in Mathematics Questionnaire (EKMQ) and the Mathematical Discourse Practices Questionnaire (MDPQ), both subjected to expert validation and reliability testing. Following ethical research protocols, questionnaires were administered online. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent samples t-test, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), Pearson product-moment correlation, and simple linear regression. Findings revealed that teachers demonstrated a high extent of epistemological knowledge and highly practiced mathematical discourse in classroom instruction. No significant differences in epistemological knowledge were observed based on ancillary roles, while mathematical discourse practices differed significantly according to the number of mathematics-related trainings and seminars attended. Furthermore, a strong positive relationship existed between epistemological knowledge and mathematical discourse practices, with epistemological knowledge significantly predicting discourse practices. These findings emphasized the importance of strengthening teachers’ understanding of mathematical knowledge and promoting meaningful classroom communication. Consequently, the Mathematical Discourse Enhancement Program (MDEP) was developed as a research-based professional development initiative designed to enhance teachers’ epistemological knowledge, improve mathematical discourse practices, and support effective mathematics instruction through targeted professional learning opportunities and continuous instructional improvement.

This study contributes to the scholarship of teaching and learning (SoTL) by examining how case-based teaching and threshold concepts promote culturally inclusive pedagogical practices among pre-service teachers (PSTs). Our research design reflects SoTL principles by taking a systematic, transparent, iterative, and collaborative approach to collecting, analysing, and sharing data. Our work is explicitly aligned with theoretical frameworks, and we address unresolved issues in order to facilitate transformative learning. We aimed to explore how PSTs perceive culturally inclusive pedagogy and professional competence in a case-based course. Three key findings emerged: increased awareness of classroom diversity, a change in the PSTs’ understanding of culturally inclusive teaching, and resistance to exploratory learning designs. Many PSTs demonstrated transformative learning and sound professional judgment. However, some expressed resistance and uncertainty, underscoring the importance of scaffolding and support. The findings align with the literature on threshold concepts as gateways to boundary crossing and a deeper understanding of diversity in SoTL. The results highlight the potential of case-based teaching to encourage metacognitive reflection and to promote inclusive educational practices in teacher education programs. The study demonstrates that designing inquiry-based learning activities that integrate case studies and threshold concepts can facilitate critical reflection and metacognition among PSTs.

The massive penetration of digital transactions among adolescents presents real financial vulnerability due to low understanding of Islamic economic contracts and ethics. Conventional fiqh learning is often isolated in textual normative memorization without honing students' critical reasoning skills against contemporary realities. This study aims to comprehensively analyze the implementation of the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) model in the learning of Fiqh Muamalah and its impact on strengthening students' critical reasoning and sharia financial literacy on digital economy issues. The research design adopts a qualitative approach with a bounded system case study at SMK Darul Musyawirin Cirebon. The research participants include Fiqh Muamalah teachers, vice principals for curriculum, and grade XI students who are directly involved in the learning cycle. Data collection was carried out through semi-structured in-depth interviews, classroom participatory observations, and review of learning portfolio documentation. Data analysis was carried out cyclically through an interactive model of open coding-based data reduction, presentation of thematic matrix data, and conclusion drawing and verification that were validated through source triangulation, member check, and trail audit. The results of the study revealed that organizing learning through the stages of authentic problem orientation (such as paylater, online loans, and digital investment), legal literature investigation, intergroup discussion-rebuttal dialectic, and value reflection succeeded in transforming students' mindsets from textual-reproductive reasoning to contextual-analytic based on postulates. Students showed a surge in competence in distinguishing murabahah margins from time-based interest, identifying the elements of riba, gharar, and maisir, and compiling simple legal arguments of istinbath al-ahkam. In addition, the structural understanding was internalized into behavioral financial literacy that encourages transaction prudence and verification of sharia legality. This instructional model proves that the integration of real issues of the digital economy into the PBL syntax effectively bridges classical fiqh doctrine with modern challenges, while offering a transformative pedagogical framework for vocational Islamic education curriculum.

This study examined the challenges and opportunities experienced by elementary teachers in the new normal education in the Third Congressional District of the Schools Division of Iloilo, Philippines, during the school year 2021–2022, as a basis for developing an instructional training program. Anchored on the Volatility, Uncertainty, Complexity, and Ambiguity (VUCA) framework, the study employed a descriptive-correlational research design involving 60 elementary teachers. Data were collected using a researcher-modified questionnaire and analyzed through descriptive statistics, the Mann–Whitney U test, and Spearman rho correlation. Findings revealed that teachers experienced a moderately challenging level of difficulties (M = 2.68), primarily involving limited internet connectivity, health safety concerns, insufficient technological devices, and financial constraints. Conversely, respondents reported a high level of opportunities (M = 3.85), particularly in professional learning, personal development, technological adaptation, and learner engagement. No significant differences were found in challenges and opportunities when respondents were classified according to age, sex, and civil status. However, a significant negative relationship was established between challenges and opportunities (rs = −0.453, p < 0.001), indicating that greater challenges were associated with fewer perceived opportunities. Based on these findings, a five-day instructional training program focusing on technological competencies and digital instructional applications was proposed. The study supports Sustainable Development Goal 4 (Quality Education) by emphasizing teacher professional development and inclusive instructional practices, and SDG 9 (Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure) through educational technology integration. Its sustainability implications highlight the importance of continuous professional development, institutional technical assistance, and adaptable instructional strategies in strengthening educational resilience and sustaining quality elementary education.

Academic stress is a significant psychological and educational concern among undergraduate students because university study involves high academic workload, frequent examinations, strict performance expectations, overlapping deadlines, adjustment to new learning environments, and crucial decisions about future careers. Anxiety may increase substantially when students perceive academic demands as exceeding their available coping resources, whereas self-efficacy refers to students' internal beliefs about their capability to successfully organize and execute courses of action required to manage academic tasks. The present study proposes to examine the complex relationship among academic stress, anxiety, and self-efficacy among undergraduate students. A quantitative, cross-sectional, correlational research design will be used. Undergraduate students meeting the inclusion criteria will be recruited using an appropriate non-probability sampling technique. Data will be collected using a demographic information sheet and standardized self-report measures of academic stress, anxiety, and general/academic self-efficacy. Descriptive statistics, reliability analysis, Pearson correlation, and multiple regression will be used to examine the study variables. The findings may assist counselling psychologists, student-support services, faculty members, and educational institutions in identifying modifiable psychological factors relevant to undergraduate adjustment.

This article addresses Deaf Literature in relation to Multimodality within the context of Deaf Education, considering the linguistic, cultural, and visual specificities of this population. It investigates how the multimodal resources present in a literary work addressing Deaf-related themes may offer possibilities for reading practices. The study aims to analyze the multimodal resources in the literary work A pílula de Tábata and discuss the possibilities for reading and pedagogical mediation arising from its multimodal organization. This is a descriptive study with a qualitative approach and documentary research design, based on the analysis of a literary work that combines different semiotic modes and resources, such as drawings, colors, written Portuguese, Libras, and SignWriting. The results demonstrate the presence of resources related to representational, interactive, and compositional meanings, such as narrative and mental processes, offer gaze, framing, and salience. The analysis also highlights the centrality of visuality and the complementary distribution of information among written Portuguese, SignWriting, and other visual elements. It is concluded that the work presents potential for the development of multimodal reading practices and pedagogical mediation in Deaf Education, particularly through the articulation of different modes of linguistic and visual representation. However, these potentialities were not empirically investigated with students, and further research involving reception data and concrete reading situations is therefore needed.

Teacher performance is a key determinant of educational quality and the successful implementation of learning processes. Among the factors that may influence teacher performance are the adequacy of educational facilities and infrastructure, as well as the quality of the working environment. This study aims to examine the influence of facilities and infrastructure, together with the work environment, on teacher performance at SMA Negeri 1 Batukliang Utara, Central Lombok Regency. A quantitative approach with a descriptive research design was employed. The study involved all 33 active teachers using a total sampling technique. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire based on a five-point Likert scale and analyzed using multiple linear regression with IBM SPSS Statistics version 26. The findings reveal that facilities and infrastructure do not have a significant partial effect on teacher performance (β = 0.017; p = 0.933), whereas the work environment has a positive and statistically significant effect (β = 0.770; p = 0.003). Simultaneously, both independent variables significantly influence teacher performance (F = 10.840; p < 0.001), explaining 41.9% of the variance in teacher performance, while the remaining 58.1% is attributable to other factors not included in the research model. These findings indicate that a supportive and conducive work environment plays a more substantial role than educational facilities in improving teacher performance. Therefore, school management should prioritize the creation of a positive work environment while continuing to improve educational facilities to support teachers' professional responsibilities.

This study assessed the extent of instructional supervision practices among head teachers in public primary schools in Kibondo District, Tanzania. The study was guided by the positivist research paradigm and employed a mixed-methods approach using a convergent parallel research design. A total of 294 participants were involved in the study, comprising 12 head teachers, 272 primary school teachers, 9 Ward Education Officers (WEOs), and 1 District Education Officer (DEO). Head teachers, WEOs, and the DEO were selected using purposive sampling, while primary school teachers were selected through simple random sampling. Quantitative data were collected using structured questionnaires administered to teachers, while qualitative data were obtained through interviews with head teachers, WEOs, and the DEO. Documentary review was also used to examine supervision schedules, classroom-observation records, lesson-plan monitoring records, and teachers’ feedback records. Quantitative data were analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) through descriptive statistics, particularly means and standard deviations, while qualitative data were analysed thematically. The findings revealed that instructional supervision practices were generally implemented at low to moderate levels. Maintaining written supervision records received the highest rating (M = 2.80, SD = 1.40), followed by organising school-based professional development (M = 2.65, SD = 1.40) and encouraging peer observation and mentoring (M = 2.61, SD = 1.44). In contrast, classroom-focused activities recorded relatively lower ratings, including reviewing teachers’ schemes of work (M = 2.26, SD = 1.51), classroom observation (M = 2.27, SD = 1.48), checking lesson plans (M = 2.29, SD = 1.47), and monitoring continuous assessment practices (M = 2.29, SD = 1.53). Qualitative and documentary evidence indicated that competing administrative responsibilities, staffing constraints, and other school-level demands constrained the consistent implementation of classroom-focused supervision. The study concludes that instructional supervision was implemented unevenly, with relatively greater emphasis on administrative documentation and professional development activities than on direct classroom-focused supervision. The study recommends strengthening head teachers’ instructional leadership competencies, reducing competing administrative workloads, addressing staffing constraints, and establishing systematic mechanisms for regular classroom observation, constructive feedback, professional development, and follow-up of instructional practices.

This study investigates the influence of planning and coordination in quality assurance practices on management of instruction in public secondary schools in North-Central Nigeria. The study examined how planning activities and coordination mechanisms enhance instructional effectiveness within the school system. A descriptive survey research design was adopted. The study covered Kwara, Kogi, Niger, Benue, Nasarawa, and Plateau States. The population comprised 1,730 principals, 30,232 teachers, and 402 quality assurance officers. Using a multi-stage sampling technique, a sample of 785 participants (274 principals, 375 teachers, and 136 quality assurance officers) was selected from 274 public senior secondary schools. Data were collected using a self-structured questionnaire titled Influence of Planning and Coordination in Quality Assurance Practice on Management of Instruction in Public Secondary Schools (IPCQAPMIPSS). Reliability was established through Cronbach’s alpha (α = 0.889), indicating strong internal consistency. Descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) were used to answer research questions with a decision mean of 2.50. Findings revealed that planning practices such as timely preparation of timetables and lesson plans were generally accepted, while coordination practices showed moderate implementation across schools. The study concludes that strengthening coordinated quality assurance strategies is essential for improving instructional management and educational outcomes in the region

This study examined the relationships among teachers’ core behavioral competencies, professional performance, and students’ learning achievement in Music, Arts, Physical Education, and Health (MAPEH) in the Department of Education Districts of Ilog I and II, Negros Occidental, Philippines. Using a descriptive-correlational research design, the study involved 38 MAPEH teachers and 190 students from ten public secondary schools, selected through total enumeration and proportional sampling, respectively. Data were gathered using a standardized questionnaire based on DepEd Order No. 2, s. 2015, teachers’ Individual Performance Commitment and Review Form (IPCRF) ratings, students’ academic records, and supplementary key informant interviews. Descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation analysis were employed. Findings revealed very high competencies in self-management (M = 3.826) and professionalism and ethics (M = 3.736), while result focus, teamwork, service orientation, and innovation were rated high. Teachers demonstrated very satisfactory professional performance (M = 3.557), whereas students achieved satisfactory academic performance in MAPEH (M = 84.142). Significant positive relationships were reported between result focus and teachers’ performance (r = .869, p = .028), innovation and students’ learning achievement (r = .797, p = .043), and teachers’ performance and students’ learning achievement (r = .797, p = .043). The findings highlighted the relevance of result-oriented practices, instructional innovation, and professional competence in supporting educational outcomes. Continuous professional development and a one-year competency enhancement plan were recommended to strengthen teaching effectiveness and student achievement. The study aligns with Sustainable Development Goal 4 (Quality Education) by emphasizing teacher development and improved learning outcomes. Its contribution to educational and institutional sustainability lies in supporting continuous professional improvement, instructional innovation, and sustained educational quality in public secondary schools.

The study determined the level of work immersion readiness and career plan preparedness among Senior High School learners and examined their relationship as a basis for developing a Career Readiness Enhancement Program (CREP). A descriptive-correlational research design was used, with 509 Senior High School learners in the Technical-Vocational-Livelihood (TVL) track as respondents; most were 17 years old or below (77%), in Grade 12 (95%), and from the Home Economics strand (92%). Data were gathered through a structured questionnaire measuring work immersion readiness in terms of communication skills, technical and vocational skills, work attitude and discipline, and adaptability and problem-solving skills, and career plan preparedness in terms of self-awareness and interest alignment, career exploration and knowledge, decision-making and goal-setting, and understanding of career pathways. The findings showed high levels of work immersion readiness (general assessment means of 3.52 to 3.61) and career plan preparedness (general assessment means of 3.48 to 3.52), all interpreted as Strongly Agree. Significant positive relationships were found between all dimensions of work immersion readiness and all dimensions of career plan preparedness (r = 0.345 to 0.858, p < .001), including communication skills and self-awareness and interest alignment (r = 0.697), technical and vocational skills and career exploration and knowledge (r = 0.817), work attitude and discipline and self-awareness and interest alignment (r = 0.777), and adaptability and problem-solving skills and self-awareness and interest alignment (r = 0.858). The strongest relationship was between adaptability and problem-solving skills and self-awareness and interest alignment, while the weakest was between communication skills and decision-making and goal-setting (r = 0.345). Decision-making and goal-setting showed the weakest correlations with all four dimensions of work immersion readiness. The findings indicate that workplace-related competencies are significantly associated with career planning preparedness, while decision-making and goal-setting and awareness of certification and training requirements require further strengthening. Based on the findings, a proposed Career Readiness Enhancement Program (CREP) was developed focusing on workplace competencies, career exploration, decision-making, pathway awareness, work immersion preparation, and career portfolio development and monitoring.

This study examined the usability of Information and Communications Technology (ICT) tools, teacher cognition regarding ICT integration, and students’ technical proficiency in Electrical Installation and Maintenance (EIM) among junior high school students in pasig. Specifically, it investigated how teachers use simulation software, computer-aided design (CAD) tools, and instructional videos/multimedia resources, the relationship between ICT usability and teacher cognition, and the influence of teacher demographics on these variables. A descriptive-correlational research design was employed, with data collected from 33 teacher-respondents through total enumeration, representing the entire available population of EIM educators in the selected schools. Statistical analyses, including means, standard deviations, t-tests, ANOVA, and pearson correlation, were used to interpret the results. Findings revealed that teachers extensively used instructional videos and multimedia resources, while simulation software and CAD tools were underutilized. Teacher cognition regarding ICT integration was generally high in multimedia resources but low for specialized CAD tools in terms of awareness, knowledge, and operational skills. Students demonstrated proficiency in wiring diagram accuracy and installation skills and were highly proficient in safety practices. Significant differences in ICT usability and teacher cognition were influenced by age, sex, grade level taught, and years of teaching experience, whereas students’ technical proficiency was not significantly affected by these demographic factors. Correlational analysis showed that simulation software, CAD tools, and multimedia resources positively influenced teacher cognition, while only instructional videos and multimedia resources significantly impacted students’ safety practices. Based on these findings, a blended ICT-based instructional framework was proposed, integrating simulation software, CAD tools, and multimedia resources with hands-on practice, assessment, and feedback to enhance both teacher competence and student technical proficiency. This study highlights the importance of ICT integration in technical education, emphasizing that teacher competence with ICT tools enhances instructional delivery, while practical application remains essential for developing students’ technical skills in EIM.

This study assessed the socio-demographic profile and level of Technology and Livelihood Education (TLE) functional literacy among senior high school students as a basis for developing a work readiness intervention program. Specifically, it examined the respondents’ profiles in terms of age, sex, general academic performance, and availability of TLE-related tools at home, as well as their level of functional literacy in technology and engineering design, food and nutrition, financial literacy, entrepreneurial competence, and agricultural literacy and agri-tech awareness. A descriptive research design was employed involving 406 senior high school students. Data were gathered using a validated researcher-made questionnaire and analyzed using frequency, percentage, and mean. Findings showed that the majority of respondents were 17–18 years old, with male students slightly outnumbering female students. Most respondents demonstrated favorable academic performance, with the largest proportion obtaining grades of 90 and above. In terms of available TLE-related resources at home, students had greater access to common cooking and household tools than to sewing and agricultural equipment. The findings further revealed varying levels of TLE functional literacy across the identified domains. Technology and engineering design literacy, food and nutrition literacy, and financial literacy were assessed as Needs Improvement, indicating areas requiring strengthened practical knowledge and skills. Agricultural literacy and agri-tech awareness reflected a relatively higher level of performance, while entrepreneurial competence was assessed as Very Satisfactory, indicating a notable strength among the respondents. Based on these findings, a work readiness intervention program entitled “Ready for Work: A Work Readiness Intervention Program for Enhancing TLE Functional Literacy among Senior High School Students” was proposed to address identified areas for improvement through hands-on, skill-based, and experiential learning activities. The study concludes that although students demonstrate strengths in entrepreneurial competence and academic performance, targeted instructional support and practical learning opportunities are needed to strengthen TLE functional literacy relevant to employment, entrepreneurship, and lifelong learning. It is recommended that schools provide structured work readiness interventions, expand opportunities for experiential and hands-on learning, and integrate practical financial, technological, and livelihood skills into TLE instruction to better prepare students for future work environments.

Purpose To investigate the longitudinal relationship between university students’ subjective exercise experiences and their physical exercise behavior using a cross-lagged research design, and to analyze the moderating role of motivational beliefs in this relationship. Methods A one-year, two-stage longitudinal questionnaire survey was conducted among 422 university students in Jiangxi Province (52.6% male, mean age = 18.29 ± 0.632 years) using the Subjective Exercise Experience Scale, the Adolescent Physical Activity Scale, the Exercise Self-Efficacy Scale and the Perceived Value of Exercise Scale. Results (1) Gender differences were observed in both subjective exercise experience and physical exercise behavior across the two phases; male participants scored higher on average than female participants across all measures. (2) There was a significant positive correlation between subjective exercise experience and physical exercise behavior among university students. (3) Results from a cross-lagged model controlling for gender indicated that subjective exercise experience at T1 significantly and positively predicted physical exercise behavior at T2 ( β = 0.385, p < 0.001), and physical exercise behavior at T1 significantly and positively predicted subjective exercise experience at T2 ( β = 0.336, p < 0.001). (4) Motivational beliefs exerted a significant positive moderating effect on both cross-lagged pathways. Conclusion Gender differences exist in both subjective exercise experience and physical exercise behavior among university students; there is a longitudinal relationship across time between subjective exercise experience and physical exercise behavior; and motivational beliefs exert a significant moderating effect on the prospective predictive pathways between subjective exercise experience and physical exercise behavior.

This study examined the reported levels of reading skills, writing skills, academic success, and challenges in literacy development among Grade 5 and Grade 6 learners. The study was conducted in selected public elementary schools in Lutayan, Sultan Kudarat during the School Year 2025–2026. A quantitative descriptive-correlational research design was employed. The respondents were 56 learners selected through proportionate sampling. Data were collected using a researcher-developed 40-item questionnaire covering reading skills (comprehension, vocabulary, and fluency); writing skills (syntax, grammar, and morphology); academic success; and challenges in reading and writing. The instrument obtained a mean validity score of 4.36 and a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.762, indicating acceptable internal consistency. Mean, standard deviation, and Pearson Product-Moment Correlation Coefficient were used to analyze the data. The findings showed that learners reported a very high level of reading skills (M = 4.40) and writing skills (M = 4.51). Academic success was reported as Very Satisfactory (M = 4.50), while challenges in developing literacy skills were reported as Challenged (M = 3.71). The correlation analysis showed a negligible positive relationship between reading skills and academic success (r = 0.119) and a negligible negative relationship between writing skills and academic success (r = -0.097). Neither relationship was statistically significant at the 0.05 level. The findings suggest that although learners reported high levels of reading and writing skills, these skills alone were not significantly related to their reported academic success. Other factors may also contribute to learners’ academic development.

Higher education institutions are expected to continuously evaluate graduate programs to ensure that curricular offerings remain relevant, responsive, and aligned with the evolving demands of professional practice. This study assessed the relevance and applicability of the Master of Arts in Educational Management (MAEM) curriculum of Guagua National Colleges to the current professional work of its graduates and identified areas for curriculum enhancement. Using a quantitative descriptive-comparative research design, data were collected from 33 MAEM graduates through a structured survey questionnaire. Descriptive statistics such as frequency, percentage, weighted mean, and ranking were utilized to analyze quantitative data, while thematic analysis was employed to examine graduates' recommendations. Results revealed that most graduates occupy positions closely related to educational leadership and management, with 87.88% indicating that their present work is highly related or related to educational management. The overall relevance and applicability of the curriculum obtained a very high rating (M = 4.69), while the adequacy of competencies developed through the program received a mean rating of 4.67. Human Resource and Organizational Management emerged as the highest-rated competency area (M = 4.76), whereas Problem-Solving and Evidence-Based Decision-Making obtained the lowest mean rating (M = 4.64), though still interpreted as very high. Graduates recommended strengthening content related to digital leadership, educational technology, artificial intelligence, instructional leadership, research utilization, and experiential learning. Based on these findings, a Responsive MAEM Curriculum Enhancement Framework was proposed. The study concludes that the MAEM curriculum remains highly relevant to current professional requirements but should continuously evolve to address emerging educational challenges and technological advancements.

ABSTRACT Students’ active participation in expressing opinions is an important indicator of engagement in student-centered learning. Initial observations in Class III A at SD Negeri Kendangsari III/278 Surabaya revealed that only 8 out of 26 students (30.77%) actively participated in discussions, while the others tended to remain passive. This study aimed to improve students’ active participation in expressing opinions during Integrated Science and Social Studies (IPAS) lessons on the topic “Stories from the Hometown” through the Think Pair Share (TPS) model integrated with a deep learning approach. The study employed a classroom action research design conducted over two cycles, each consisting of three meetings, from July to August 2026. The participants were 26 students. Data were collected through observation and documentation and analyzed using descriptive quantitative and qualitative techniques. The individual achievement criterion was set at a minimum average participation score of 3.00, while the criterion for class-wide success required at least 80% participation. The results showed that the average percentage of active participation increased from 37.18% in the pre-cycle stage to 60.26% in Cycle I and 87.18% in Cycle II. The final achievement exceeded the predetermined success criterion. These findings indicate that integrating TPS with a deep learning approach may support students’ confidence in expressing ideas and enhance their participation in IPAS discussions. ABSTRAK Keaktifan murid dalam mengemukakan pendapat merupakan salah satu indikator keterlibatan dalam pembelajaran yang berpusat pada murid. Hasil observasi awal di kelas III A SD Negeri Kendangsari III/278 Surabaya menunjukkan bahwa hanya 8 dari 26 murid (30,77%) yang aktif berdiskusi, sedangkan sebagian lainnya cenderung pasif. Penelitian ini bertujuan meningkatkan keaktifan murid dalam mengemukakan pendapat pada pembelajaran IPAS dengan topik “Cerita dari Kampung Halaman” melalui model Think Pair Share (TPS) yang dipadukan dengan pendekatan pembelajaran mendalam. Penelitian menggunakan desain penelitian tindakan kelas yang dilaksanakan dalam dua siklus, masing-masing terdiri atas tiga pertemuan, pada Juli–Agustus 2026. Subjek penelitian berjumlah 26 murid. Data dikumpulkan melalui observasi dan dokumentasi, kemudian dianalisis menggunakan teknik deskriptif kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Kriteria keberhasilan individual ditetapkan berdasarkan skor rata-rata keaktifan minimal 3,00, sedangkan keberhasilan klasikal ditentukan apabila persentase keaktifan mencapai sekurang-kurangnya 80%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata persentase keaktifan meningkat dari 37,18% pada prasiklus menjadi 60,26% pada Siklus I dan 87,18% pada Siklus II. Capaian akhir tersebut melampaui indikator keberhasilan yang ditetapkan. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa penerapan TPS yang dipadukan dengan pendekatan pembelajaran mendalam berpotensi mendukung keberanian murid menyampaikan gagasan dan meningkatkan partisipasi dalam diskusi IPAS.

This study examined the contribution of service delivery to students’ enrolment in public secondary schools in Busega District, Tanzania. The study was guided by the need to understand how the quality and responsiveness of educational services influence parents’ decisions to enroll their children and students’ retention in public secondary schools. A mixed-methods approach with a predominantly quantitative orientation and an explanatory research design was employed. The study targeted 655 respondents from 30 public secondary schools, from whom a sample of 104 respondents was selected, comprising 85 teachers, 6 heads of schools, 6 Ward Education Officers, 1 District Education Officer, and 6 school board chairpersons. Data were collected using questionnaires, semi-structured interviews, and observation. Validity was established through expert and supervisor review, while reliability was tested using Cronbach’s Alpha, which yielded a coefficient of 0.916 for 20 questionnaire items. Quantitative data were analysed using frequencies and percentages through SPSS version 26, while qualitative data were analysed thematically. The results showed that service delivery played an important role in contributing to student enrolment. More specifically, the majority of teachers were in agreement or strongly in agreement that effective academic service delivery contributed to increased enrolment. Moreover, they noted that quality teaching and learning contributed to the decision making of parents on enrolment of their children and that educational support services in time contributed to enrolment. Also, teachers noted that effective administrative services attracted many students and that effective service delivery generally contributed to student enrolment and retention. Another finding from open-ended questions showed that effective school-community relations and sufficient learning facilities played an important role in student enrolment. The study concluded that quality, timely, and responsive service delivery strengthened school reputation, parental confidence, students’ retention, and enrolment. The study recommends that Busega District Council and school authorities improve teaching and learning services, strengthen students’ support and administrative systems, enhance school-community partnerships, provide adequate infrastructure, and maintain safe and supportive learning environments to increase students’ enrolment in public secondary schools

This study assessed the timeliness and delays in the payment of tuition fees among college students at Mallig Plains Colleges, Inc. (MPCI) during the academic year 2026 as the foundational basis for crafting a responsive financial monitoring plan. Employing a quantitative descriptive-correlational research design, the study gathered data from 60 randomly selected college students across six academic programs. Statistical analysis including frequencies, means, t-tests, Pearson correlation, and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) revealed that gender, course, year level, primary sponsor, and parental occupation exhibited no significant relationship with payment timeliness. Instead, punctuality was strongly tied to situational and behavioral dynamics. The findings demonstrated that timely tuition fee payments exert a very high positive impact on students’ academic and administrative fluidity and psychosocial stability, effectively removing administrative barriers and mitigating social stigmas. Conversely, delayed payments generated severe ramifications, acting as a direct catalyst for significant institutional bottlenecks and profound socio-economic and emotional barriers, including heightened exam-week anxiety and dropout tendencies. Income volatility due to seasonal agricultural livelihoods and emergency health expenses were identified as the primary economic triggers of payment friction. Alongside, clear institutional communication, accessible payment infrastructure, and strict policy enforcement acted as crucial external determinants of student compliance. While payment timeliness remained uniform across demographics, a significant difference emerged between genders regarding their financial responsibility styles and administrative engagement methods. Based on these insights, a comprehensive Monitoring Plan is proposed to transition the institution from a reactive to a proactive financial framework, optimizing collections while safeguarding student well-being.

This study identified the competency needs of emerging school leaders in financial management, strategic partnerships, and project implementation as a basis for developing a capability building program. Using a descriptive research design integrated with a Research and Development (R&D) approach, the study involved 68 emerging school leaders, specifically Head Teachers and newly appointed School Heads with zero to three years of leadership experience in a public schools division in Northern Luzon, Philippines. The researchers gathered data using a competency needs assessment survey aligned with the Philippine Professional Standards for School Heads (PPSSH). The findings revealed that financial management was identified as a Moderate Training Need, while strategic partnerships and project implementation were identified as Extensive Training Needs. Based on these findings, the STEP UP! (Strengthening and Training Emerging Personnel for Upgraded Performance) Capability-Building Program was developed to address the identified competency gaps. The program subsequently underwent expert validation and pilot implementation. Validation results indicated an overall rating of Very Highly Valid, demonstrating strong alignment with competency needs, professional standards, content requirements, and implementation mechanisms. Evaluation based on Kirkpatrick’s Four-Level Model further showed that the program was highly effective, as participants reported positive reactions, increased knowledge and skills, successful application of learning in the workplace, and perceived improvements in leadership performance and school operations. The study concludes that a needs-based and standards-aligned capability-building program can effectively strengthen the competencies of emerging school leaders and contribute to improved school governance, stakeholder engagement, and project implementation.

This study assessed the employability skill readiness of Alternative Learning System (ALS) graduates in Liloan District, Cebu, during School Year 2025–2026 as a basis for developing a skill enhancement plan. Anchored on Human Capital Theory, Career Construction Theory, and Social Cognitive Career Theory, the study employed a quantitative correlational research design involving 70 ALS graduates. Data were collected using an adapted and modified questionnaire and analyzed through percentages, weighted means, standard deviations, Pearson product-moment correlation, and chi-square tests. Findings revealed high employability skill readiness in communication (M = 4.08), teamwork (M = 3.82), problem-solving (M = 3.81), self-management (M = 3.48), and technical or job-specific skills (M = 3.52). Employability readiness was significantly associated with age, parents’ educational attainment, parents’ occupation, and combined monthly family income, while gender showed no significant relationship. Furthermore, challenges encountered exhibited a significant negative relationship with employability readiness (r = −0.46), indicating that greater challenges were associated with lower readiness. Prominent challenges included limited access to training and upskilling opportunities, insufficient career preparation, inadequate hands-on experience, and limited confidence in applying acquired skills. The study recommends implementing the proposed Skill Enhancement Plan through accessible training, career guidance, workplace exposure, and strengthened stakeholder partnerships. The research aligns with Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 4 (Quality Education) and SDG 8 (Decent Work and Economic Growth) by promoting inclusive skills development and employment readiness. Its potential contribution to educational, socioeconomic, and community sustainability lies in supporting lifelong learning, equitable employment preparation, and improved workforce participation among ALS graduates.

This study determined the administrative strategies employed by school leaders in implementing enhanced digital-based literacy instruction in selected public elementary schools in the City of Naga, Cebu (Region VII), and Calubian, Leyte (Region VIII), during School Year 2025–2026. It examined the respondents’ demographic and professional profiles; the level of implementation of digital-based literacy instruction in terms of curriculum integration, technological infrastructure and resources, and teacher pedagogical competence; the administrative strategies employed in resource allocation and maintenance, capacity building and professional development, and instructional supervision and monitoring; and the issues and concerns encountered. The study employed a quantitative descriptive-correlational and descriptive-comparative research design. The respondents comprised 110 school heads and teachers from six public elementary schools, consisting of six school heads (5.45%) and 104 teachers (94.55%). Data were gathered using a researcher-made structured questionnaire anchored on the Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) framework and the Philippine Professional Standards for School Heads (PPSSH). Frequency, percentage, weighted mean, and standard deviation were used for descriptive analysis, while an independent-samples t-test or analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Pearson’s correlation coefficient were proposed for examining differences and relationships. The findings revealed that digital-based literacy instruction was implemented to a great extent (overall weighted mean = 3.45, SD = 0.42), while administrative strategies were employed to a great extent (overall weighted mean = 3.51, SD = 0.39). Instructional supervision and monitoring were revealed to be the most frequently implemented administrative strategy, whereas technological infrastructure and resources were revealed to be the area requiring the greatest improvement. A significant positive relationship was revealed between administrative strategies and the level of implementation (r = 0.62, p < 0.001). Limited internet connectivity, insufficient digital equipment, and the need for continuous teacher training were revealed to be the major implementation concerns. These findings suggest the value of an enhanced digital-based literacy instruction framework emphasizing strategic resource allocation, sustained professional development, reliable technological infrastructure, and consistent instructional supervision.

This study examined the coping mechanisms and pedagogical challenges experienced by elementary teachers in utilizing interactive multimedia tools in selected public elementary schools in the Schools Division of Leyte, during School Year 2025–2026. Specifically, it determined the teachers’ demographic and professional profiles, assessed the extent of pedagogical challenges encountered in terms of technological fluency, competence, curriculum and lesson integration, time management, and resource management, and identified the coping mechanisms used to address these challenges. The study also examined whether significant differences existed in the teachers’ assessments when grouped according to their demographic characteristics and determined the relationship between pedagogical challenges and coping mechanisms. A quantitative descriptive-correlational and descriptive-comparative research design was employed, involving the total population of 145 elementary teachers from five selected public schools. Data were gathered using a researcher-made questionnaire validated by educational technology experts and analyzed using frequency, percentage, weighted mean, standard deviation, t-test, analysis of variance, and Pearson product-moment correlation at the 0.05 level of significance. The findings showed that teachers experienced varying degrees of difficulty in integrating interactive multimedia tools, particularly in managing technological demands, aligning digital resources with lessons, allocating preparation time, and addressing limitations in available resources. Despite these challenges, teachers demonstrated adaptive coping practices, particularly through collaboration and peer support, resourcefulness, adaptation, personal reflection, and self-care. The findings further indicated differences in some assessments when respondents were grouped according to selected demographic characteristics, while the relationship between pedagogical challenges and coping mechanisms reflected the teachers’ efforts to adjust to technology-related demands. Based on the findings, enhanced digital-based literacy teaching-learning activities were developed to strengthen teachers’ technological and pedagogical competencies and support more practical, engaging, and sustainable technology integration in elementary classrooms.

Purpose: Although leadership behaviors have been widely examined in relation to teacher outcomes, limited empirical research has explored how different leadership dimensions influence teachers’ morale within highly centralized educational systems such as Thailand’s primary education sector. Existing studies have often emphasized administrative control and procedural compliance, while comparatively less attention has been given to the role of relationship-oriented leadership behaviors in sustaining teachers’ morale within centralized administrative contexts. This study therefore examines the relationship between leadership behaviors within educational administration and teachers’ morale in Thai primary schools in central Thailand. Research design, data and methodology: This study employed a quantitative research design using a survey approach. Data were collected from 417 teachers and educational personnel working in primary schools across central Thailand through anonymous self-administered questionnaires. Leadership behaviors were categorized into task-oriented and relationship-oriented dimensions, while teachers’ morale was examined through Herzberg’s Motivation-Hygiene Theory. Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis were employed to examine the relationships between leadership behaviors and teachers’ morale. Results: The findings revealed that both task-oriented and relationship-oriented leadership behaviors were positively associated with teachers’ morale. Relationship-oriented leadership behaviors, particularly motivation and participation, demonstrated stronger predictive influence on teachers’ morale than task-oriented dimensions such as planning and supervision. The regression model explained a substantial proportion of variance in teachers’ morale, indicating that interpersonal and participatory leadership practices play an important role within centralized educational environments. Conclusions: The study contributes empirical evidence to educational administration research by demonstrating that leadership effectiveness within centralized educational systems may involve not only administrative coordination and policy implementation but also relationship-oriented leadership practices that support teachers’ professional well-being. The findings further suggest that balancing organizational structure with human-centered leadership may help sustain teachers’ morale within Thai primary schools.

Purpose: This study aims to identify the factors influencing teachers’ job satisfaction using a middle school in Dazhou City, Sichuan Province, China. Research design, data and methodology: A quantitative research design was adopted. Questionnaire surveys were distributed to 90 teachers at a middle school in Tongchuan District using stratified random sampling. Multiple linear regression was used to examine the relationships between working hours, work pressure, organizational commitment, teacher self-efficacy, teacher career motivation, and job satisfaction. In addition, a 16-week strategic planning program was implemented with 30 teachers to improve job satisfaction. Paired sample t-tests were applied to compare the pre- and post-intervention results. Results: The multiple linear regression results show that organizational commitment, teacher career motivation, and teacher self-efficacy have significant positive effects on job satisfaction. Working hours and work pressure do not show significant direct effects in the regression model. After the program implementation, the paired sample t-test results indicate significant improvements in working hours, work pressure, organizational commitment, teacher self-efficacy, teacher career motivation, and overall job satisfaction. Conclusions: The findings suggest that school management practices that strengthen organizational commitment, support teachers’ professional motivation, and improve working conditions can enhance teachers’ job satisfaction. Practical actions such as flexible work arrangements, professional development opportunities, and participatory school governance may help improve teachers’ workplace experiences and support sustainable educational development.

This study examined the relationship between teachers’ pedagogical approaches and the Kindergarten learners’ reading performance in selected schools in the Division of Cagayan de Oro. It assessed five approaches: context support, ICT integration, language experience, phonemic awareness, and the whole-word approach. It also evaluated learners’ performance in comprehension, phonics, and vocabulary. Using a descriptive-correlational research design, the study involved 115 Kindergarten teachers and 230 learners. Data were gathered through a modified questionnaire and standardized test, then analyzed using descriptive statistics and Pearson’s Correlation Coefficient. The findings revealed that teachers demonstrated a very high level of pedagogical approaches, with the whole-word approach rated highest and language experience lowest. Meanwhile, learners achieved satisfactory reading performance, with comprehension as their strongest area and vocabulary as their weakest. However, no significant relationship was found between teachers’ pedagogical approaches and learners’ reading performance. The study concluded that teachers were well-equipped to facilitate reading instruction through various strategies. It recommended providing more opportunities for learners to connect reading and writing activities with their personal experiences, interests, and real-life situations. Teachers were also encouraged to explore alternative instructional practices that address learners’ specific reading needs and improve their overall reading performance.

This study assessed the reading comprehension skills and academic performance in English of Grade 3 learners in selected public elementary schools in the Albuera District, Department of Education (DepEd), Schools Division of Leyte, Region VIII, during School Year 2025–2026, as a basis for developing interactive reading activities. A descriptive-quantitative research design was employed, involving six teachers and 90 learners from six public elementary schools. The learners were selected through simple random sampling. Data were gathered using a structured paper-and-pencil questionnaire covering respondents’ profiles, learners’ performance in five reading comprehension strategies, academic performance in reading comprehension, vocabulary, and storytelling, and the issues and concerns encountered in implementing reading comprehension activities. Frequency counts, percentages, and weighted means were used to analyze the data, together with a test of association to examine the relationships between instructional strategies and learners’ academic performance. The findings revealed that the strategies used in reading comprehension obtained an overall average weighted mean of 3.26, interpreted as Highly Effective. Story mapping and the use of photographs received the highest ratings, with weighted means of 3.30 each, followed by activating prior knowledge at 3.23 and monitoring and clarifying at 3.20. In terms of academic performance, learners demonstrated a lack of mastery in noting details (M = 2.20), decoding (M = 2.23), phonics (M = 2.40), vocabulary (M = 2.30), and storytelling (M = 2.40). The findings further revealed that monitoring and clarifying and the use of photographs had statistically significant associations with selected academic competencies, whereas activating prior knowledge and story mapping did not demonstrate significant associations with the measured competencies. The specific association coefficients and p-values were not available in the supplied results. These findings highlight the need to strengthen learners’ foundational reading skills, particularly identifying details, decoding words, applying phonics, developing vocabulary, and organizing narratives. Based on the findings, interactive reading activities are proposed for consideration and implementation by the concerned school officials, in collaboration with teachers, parents, and the DepEd Schools Division of Leyte, to address learners’ literacy needs and improve their reading comprehension and academic performance.

This study examined the reading skills of Grade 3 learners and their relationship with academic performance in English in selected public elementary schools in the Bantayan District, Schools Division of Cebu Province, during School Year 2026–2027. Specifically, it assessed learners’ proficiency in phonemic awareness, phonics, text recognition, vocabulary, and comprehension; described the profiles of the teacher and learner respondents; and determined whether a significant relationship existed between reading skills and academic performance in English. The study employed a descriptive-correlational research design involving 100 respondents, comprising 96 Grade 3 learners, with 24 learners from each of four schools, and four teachers from Pooc, Sta. Fe Central, Vito, and Baigad Elementary Schools. Data were gathered through a modified survey questionnaire and informal interviews. Frequency counts, percentages, weighted means, standard deviations, and Pearson’s product-moment correlation coefficient were used to analyze the collected data. The findings revealed that 70 of the 96 Grade 3 learners (72.92%) demonstrated effective foundational reading skills, while the remaining 26 learners (27.08%) were identified as potentially requiring additional reading support, depending on the established assessment criteria. These results underscore the importance of sustaining effective reading instruction while addressing the needs of learners experiencing difficulties in foundational literacy. The study proposes augmented reading skills learning activities designed to strengthen learners’ reading proficiency, improve comprehension, and support the development of essential literacy competencies. The proposed activities may serve as a basis for differentiated instruction, targeted reading interventions, and continuous monitoring of learner progress. Furthermore, the study emphasizes collaboration among teachers, school administrators, and parents in creating supportive learning environments that promote reading development and improved academic performance in English.

This study examined the relationships among study habits, learning-style preferences, and academic performance in Music, Arts, Physical Education, and Health (MAPEH) among Grade 10 learners of Solano High School, Nueva Vizcaya, Philippines, during School Year 2025–2026. Anchored in Kolb's Experiential Learning Theory and Biggs' Presage–Process–Product Model, the study employed a quantitative descriptive-correlational research design involving 300 learners selected through stratified random sampling. Data were collected using an expert-validated, researcher-made questionnaire and official first-quarter MAPEH grades, with descriptive statistics and Pearson's product-moment correlation used for analysis. Findings revealed high levels of study habits (M = 3.01) and learning-style preferences (M = 3.06), with concentration and interest emerging as the strongest study-habit dimension and tactile learning as the most preferred modality. Academic performance yielded a mean grade of 86.58, with most respondents attaining outstanding or very satisfactory ratings. A significant moderate positive relationship was established between study habits and learning styles (r = 0.635, p < 0.001). However, study habits (r = 0.277, p < 0.001) and learning styles (r = 0.135, p = 0.019) demonstrated statistically significant but negligible positive relationships with academic performance. Visual and auditory preferences showed significant positive correlations with academic achievement, whereas tactile and kinesthetic preferences showed no significant relationships. The study concludes that study habits and learning preferences have limited associations with MAPEH performance, highlighting the need for improved study routines, diverse instructional strategies, and further investigation of other contributing factors. The research supports Sustainable Development Goal 4 (Quality Education) and indirectly contributes to SDG 3 (Good Health and Well-Being). Its potential sustainability impact lies in strengthening educational practices, supporting evidence-based instructional improvement, and promoting long-term educational and institutional development.

The present study examined the relationship among emotional flexibility, behavioral problem and coping strategies among late adolescents and investigated the mediating role of emotional flexibility in the relationship between internalizing and externalizing behavioral problem and Adaptive and maladaptive copying strategies. A correlational research design was used with a sample of N=200 late adolescent’s age 17 to 19 years, including 97 males and 103 females, selected through convenience sampling from different educational institute. Data were collected using a demographic information sheet, Emotional flexibility scale (EFS), Behavioral problem scale (BPS) and brief COPE inventory. Data analyzed using descriptive statistics, reliability analysis, Independence sample test, pearson correlation and mediation analysis through process model 4 with 5,000 bootstrap samples. Finding indicate the males reported significantly higher behavioral problem than females. Significant difference was also found according to the institutional type, with private institute student reporting higher behavioral problem scores, whereas government institute student reported higher coping strategies score. Emotional flexibility significantly predict adaptive copying strategies was significantly negative associated with externalizing behavioral problem. However, emotional flexibility did not significantly mediate with relationship between internalizing or externalizing behavioral problem and adaptive or maladaptive copy as the booster confidence interval for the indirect effect included zero. Overall, the finding suggests the emotional flexibility associate with adolescent coping and behavioral functioning but does not significantly explain the relationship between behavioral problem and copying strategies in the present sample.

This study aims to analyze the model of ecotheological value internalization through bil-hal da’wah in school co-curricular programs at SD Al-Ishlah Tulungagung. The research employed a qualitative approach with a field research design to examine how ecotheological values are introduced, practiced, and integrated into students’ daily habits. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation focusing on the implementation of the Urban Farming program. The findings reveal that ecotheological values are internalized through practical environmental activities, including plant cultivation, environmental care habits, and religious reflections connecting environmental preservation with human responsibility as Khalifah fil Ardh. These activities provide opportunities for students to relate religious values to concrete actions in caring for their surroundings. The internalization model consists of four interconnected components: value transformation, value transaction, value transinternalization, and ecological-spiritual habituation. Its implementation positively contributes to students’ environmental awareness, responsibility, patience, compassion, and spiritual consciousness. This study concludes that bil-hal da’wah through environmental co-curricular activities effectively promotes ecotheological education and character development by integrating practical environmental engagement with religious understanding among elementary school students.

Amid persistent classroom shortages in resource constrained educational system, makeshift classrooms have emerged as a widespread yet underexamined learning environment that may profoundly shape students’ academic experiences and outcomes.practical response to the shortage of classrooms. Nevertheless, there is limited knowledge concerning how these makeshift classrooms influence students’ educational experiences, especially in Social Studies. The study explored the lived experiences and academic performances of the students in learning Social Studies in the makeshift classrooms in Upper Sepaka Integrated School, Talahik Integrated School and Tapok Integrated School in Surallah North District. A phenomenological research design was used. Data were collected via in-depth interviews and analyzed using thematic analysis. The results indicated that students encountered several challenges including poor classroom conditions, instructional challenges, learning challenges and lack of involvement. Nevertheless, they showed resilience through peer collaboration, independent learning, self-regulation, and a positive mindset. Teachers also made adaptations includes interactive instruction, instructional adaptations, effective classroom management, and environmental adjustments to continue learning. However, the makeshift educational environment continued to impact on academic results with reduced engagement, interrupted learning, poor academic performance and reduced learning development. The key finding of the study is that although students and teachers can adapt to challenging learning environments, adaptation alone cannot compensate for poor classroom conditions. The findings highlight the need for better learning facilities, increased instructional support, and more responsive educational policies to provide equitable opportunities for success for students in marginalized learning spaces.

This study explored the academic validation experiences of internal migrant college students and their implications for proposed psychosocial support activities. Specifically, it examined forms of academic validation, their influence on psychosocial well-being and academic persistence, and challenges in obtaining institutional support. Using a qualitative research design and Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis, the study examined interview accounts from eight internal migrant college students at Cavite State University–Main Campus during the academic year 2025–2026. Findings revealed that students experienced academic validation through faculty recognition, constructive feedback, peer encouragement, and academic achievements. Such experiences fostered motivation, confidence, belonging, and continued academic engagement. Conversely, limited recognition contributed to discouragement, self-doubt, and emotional distress. Participants also described homesickness, social isolation, language barriers, unfamiliar cultural practices, communication difficulties, and hesitation in seeking academic or emotional assistance. Despite these challenges, personal resilience, supportive classmates, and determination helped students adjust and persist in their studies. Based on the findings, the study proposed the BRIDGE Program, emphasizing peer mentoring, support circles, cultural integration, wellness activities, academic assistance, counseling, and opportunities for emotional expression. The study concluded that academic validation and accessible psychosocial support are important to the adjustment and educational persistence of internal migrant students. It aligns with Sustainable Development Goal 3, Good Health and Well-Being; Goal 4, Quality Education; and Goal 10, Reduced Inequalities. Its potential sustainability contribution lies in guiding inclusive institutional support practices that strengthen student welfare, social belonging, and equitable participation in higher education. These practices may also encourage more responsive and supportive campus communities.

Teacher development is essential for improving instructional quality and supporting sustainable school improvement. This study examined teacher development needs across educational stages in selected schools in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) by focusing on three key domains: classroom practices, family engagement, and school support. Using a quantitative descriptive-comparative research design, data were collected through a structured survey administered to teachers representing the Early Years Foundation Stage (EYFS), Primary, and Secondary levels. Descriptive statistics, One-Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), and rank-order analysis were employed to determine the levels of teacher development indicators, examine differences across educational stages, and identify priority areas for professional development. The findings revealed high levels of teacher development across all three domains, with classroom practices receiving the highest ratings, followed by family engagement and school support. No statistically significant differences were found in classroom practices, family engagement, or school support across educational stages, indicating that teachers shared similar professional experiences regardless of teaching level. However, item-level analysis identified important developmental priorities, including strengthening student motivation, enhancing family-school partnerships, improving student well-being monitoring, and expanding opportunities for teacher participation in school decision-making. Based on these findings, the Teacher Development Enhancement Framework (TDEF) was developed to provide stage-specific interventions for EYFS, Primary, and Secondary teachers. The framework offers school leaders and policymakers an evidence-based guide for designing targeted professional development initiatives that strengthen instructional practice, organizational support, and collaborative partnerships, ultimately contributing to sustainable teacher growth and improved educational quality in UAE schools.

The main objective of the study is to find out the significance of the mediating effects of transformational leadership and work engagement on the relationship between professional self-esteem and teacher efficacy. Utilizing a correlational technique along with a quantitative, non-experimental and mediation research design, data were obtained from 335 public elementary teachers working in four large schools. The researcher used a cluster sampling technique and the statistical tools mean, Pearson r, and path analysis. From the results of the study, it was found that there are very high levels of professional self-esteem, teacher efficacy, transformational leadership of school heads, and work engagement. Moreover, there are no significant relationships between professional self-esteem and transformational leadership, and between transformational leadership and teacher efficacy. There are also no significant relationships between work engagement and teacher efficacy, and professional self-esteem and work engagement. However, there is a significant relationship between professional self-esteem and teacher efficacy. Furthermore, transformational leadership and work engagement have no significant combined mediation on the relationship between professional self-esteem and teacher efficacy. The findings of this study provide implications for policymakers in drafting plans, school heads in creating programs, and teachers in improving their transformational leadership, work engagement, professional self-esteem, and teacher efficacy. Keywords: education, professional self-esteem, teacher efficacy, transformational leadership, work engagement, correlation, teachers, Philippines

Teacher wellbeing has become an increasingly important concern in sustainable education systems because teachers’ professional experiences influence instructional quality, organizational resilience, and the long-term capacity of schools to maintain supportive learning environments. Contemporary perspectives on educational sustainability emphasize that schools are sustainable not only through academic effectiveness but also through their ability to foster participation, professional recognition, supportive relationships, and psychological resources among teachers. Within this perspective, shared instructional leadership can be considered an organizational resource, while teacher job satisfaction represents an important psychological resource contributing to the human foundations of socially sustainable schools. This study examined the relationship between shared instructional leadership and teacher job satisfaction among secondary school teachers in Northern Cyprus. A quantitative correlational research design was employed with 300 teachers working in public secondary schools during the 2024–2025 academic year. Data were collected using the Shared Instructional Leadership Scale and the Teacher Job Satisfaction Scale. Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation analysis, and simple linear regression analysis were conducted to examine the relationship between shared instructional leadership and teacher job satisfaction. The findings revealed a significant positive relationship between shared instructional leadership and overall teacher job satisfaction ( r = 0.580, p < 0.001). Within this perspective, shared instructional leadership is conceptualized as an organizational resource, while teacher job satisfaction represents a psychological indicator of teachers’ positive professional experiences. ( β = 0.580, p < 0.001), explaining 33.4% of the variance in teacher job satisfaction ( R 2 = 0.334). Significant positive relationships were also found between shared instructional leadership and several dimensions of job satisfaction, including management, achievement–respect–recognition, interpersonal relationships, and the nature of teaching work. The findings suggest that shared instructional leadership may contribute to socially sustainable schooling by strengthening teachers’ professional recognition, relational experiences, and psychological resources. Although social sustainability was not directly measured in this study, the findings highlight leadership practices and teacher satisfaction as important organizational and psychological conditions supporting sustainable educational environments. This study contributes to educational sustainability and leadership literature by emphasizing the human dimension of sustainable schools within the underrepresented context of Northern Cyprus.

رفاه معلمان به عنوان یکی از دغدغه‌های فزاینده در نظام‌های آموزشی پایدار مطرح شده است، زیرا تجارب حرفه‌ای معلمان بر کیفیت آموزش، تاب‌آوری سازمانی و ظرفیت بلندمدت مدارس برای حفظ محیط‌های یادگیری حمایتی تأثیرگذار است. دیدگاه‌های معاصر درباره پایداری آموزشی تأکید می‌کنند که مدارس نه تنها از طریق اثربخشی تحصیلی، بلکه از طریق توانایی خود در تقویت مشارکت، شناسایی حرفه‌ای، روابط حمایتی و منابع روان‌شناختی در میان معلمان پایدار می‌شوند. در این چارچوب، رهبری آموزشی مشارکتی به عنوان یک منبع سازمانی و رضایت شغلی معلمان به عنوان یک منبع روان‌شناختی مهم که به بنیان‌های انسانی مدارس اجتماعی پایدار کمک می‌کند، در نظر گرفته می‌شود. این پژوهش به بررسی رابطه بین رهبری آموزشی مشارکتی و رضایت شغلی معلمان در میان معلمان دبیرستان‌های قبرس شمالی پرداخت. طرح پژوهش همبستگی کمی با مشارکت ۳۰۰ معلم شاغل در مدارس متوسطه دولتی در سال تحصیلی ۲۰۲۵–۲۰۲۴ اجرا شد. داده‌ها با استفاده از مقیاس رهبری آموزشی مشارکتی و مقیاس رضایت شغلی معلمان گردآوری شد. برای بررسی رابطه بین رهبری آموزشی مشارکتی و رضایت شغلی معلمان از آمار توصیفی، تحلیل همبستگی پیرسون و تحلیل رگرسیون خطی ساده استفاده شد. یافته‌ها نشان داد که بین رهبری آموزشی مشارکتی و رضایت شغلی کلی معلمان رابطه مثبت معناداری وجود دارد (r = 0.580, p < 0.001). در این چارچوب، رهبری آموزشی مشارکتی به عنوان یک منبع سازمانی و رضایت شغلی معلمان به عنوان شاخص روان‌شناختی تجارب حرفه‌ای مثبت معلمان مفهوم‌سازی می‌شود (β = 0.580, p < 0.001) و ۳۳/۴ درصد از واریانس رضایت شغلی معلمان را تبیین می‌کند (R2 = 0.334). همچنین بین رهبری آموزشی مشارکتی و چندین بعد رضایت شغلی از جمله مدیریت، دستاورد–احترام–شناسایی، روابط بین‌فردی و ماهیت کار تدریس، روابط مثبت معناداری مشاهده شد. یافته‌ها نشان می‌دهد که رهبری آموزشی مشارکتی می‌تواند با تقویت شناسایی حرفه‌ای، تجارب ارتباطی و منابع روان‌شناختی معلمان به پایداری اجتماعی مدارس کمک کند. اگرچه پایداری اجتماعی به طور مستقیم در این پژوهش سنجیده نشد، اما یافته‌ها بر اهمیت شیوه‌های رهبری و رضایت معلمان به عنوان شرایط سازمانی و روان‌شناختی مؤثر بر محیط‌های آموزشی پایدار تأکید می‌کند. این پژوهش با تأکید بر بعد انسانی مدارس پایدار در زمینه کمتر بررسی‌شده قبرس شمالی، به ادبیات پایداری آموزشی و رهبری کمک می‌کند.

Discipline in memorizing the Qur’an is an important aspect of the tahfiz program because students are required to be consistent in memorizing, reviewing, and maintaining their memorization. In its implementation, students have different levels of motivation, memorization ability, and readiness to submit their memorization. Some students are still reluctant to submit their memorization, lack focus during learning activities, or experience difficulties in maintaining consistency. Therefore, teacher strategies are needed to support students in developing discipline in memorizing the Qur’an. This study aims to describe the strategies applied by teachers to improve discipline in Qur’an memorization among eighth-grade students in the tahfiz program at MTs Assa’adah II Bungah Gresik, the impact of these strategies, and the supporting and inhibiting factors in their implementation. This research employed a qualitative approach with a descriptive research design. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation. The data were analyzed using the interactive model of Miles and Huberman through data condensation, data display, and conclusion drawing and verification. The findings indicate that teachers applied strategies including setting memorization targets according to students’ abilities, habituating muroja’ah, providing examples, and giving motivation and guidance to students. The strategies had an impact on students’ discipline in maintaining memorization, conducting muroja’ah, managing their time, and achieving memorization targets. Supporting factors included a conducive learning environment, students’ intrinsic motivation, parental support, and teacher guidance and motivation. Inhibiting factors included fluctuating student motivation, differences in memorization abilities, lack of readiness for memorization submission, and distractions during learning activities. These findings indicate that teacher strategies play a role in supporting the development of students’ discipline and consistency in Qur’an memorization.

انضباط در حفظ قرآن یکی از جنبه‌های مهم برنامهٔ تحفیظ است، زیرا از دانش‌آموزان انتظار می‌رود در حفظ، مرور و نگهداری محفوظات خود استمرار داشته باشند. در اجرای این برنامه، دانش‌آموزان دارای سطوح مختلفی از انگیزه، توانایی حفظ و آمادگی برای ارائهٔ محفوظات خود هستند. برخی دانش‌آموزان همچنان در ارائهٔ محفوظات خود تردید دارند، در فعالیت‌های یادگیری تمرکز کافی ندارند یا در حفظ استمرار با دشواری مواجه می‌شوند. بنابراین، به کارگیری راهبردهای معلمان برای حمایت از دانش‌آموزان در توسعهٔ انضباط در حفظ قرآن ضروری است. هدف این پژوهش توصیف راهبردهای به‌کاررفته توسط معلمان برای ارتقای انضباط در حفظ قرآن در میان دانش‌آموزان پایه هشتم برنامهٔ تحفیظ در مدرسهٔ MTs Assa’adah II Bungah Gresik، تأثیر این راهبردها و عوامل تسهیل‌کننده و بازدارنده در اجرای آن‌ها است. این پژوهش با رویکرد کیفی و طرح پژوهش توصیفی انجام شده است. داده‌ها از طریق مشاهده، مصاحبه و اسناد جمع‌آوری شده‌اند. تحلیل داده‌ها با استفاده از مدل تعاملی Miles و Huberman از طریق تقطیع داده‌ها، نمایش داده‌ها و نتیجه‌گیری و تأیید انجام شده است. یافته‌ها نشان می‌دهد که معلمان راهبردهایی از جمله تعیین اهداف حفظ متناسب با توانایی دانش‌آموزان، عادت‌دهی به مرور (مراجعه)، ارائهٔ الگو و انگیزش و راهنمایی به دانش‌آموزان را به کار گرفته‌اند. این راهبردها بر انضباط دانش‌آموزان در نگهداری محفوظات، انجام مرور، مدیریت زمان و دستیابی به اهداف حفظ تأثیرگذار بوده است. عوامل تسهیل‌کننده شامل محیط یادگیری مناسب، انگیزهٔ درونی دانش‌آموزان، حمایت والدین و راهنمایی و انگیزش معلمان بوده است. عوامل بازدارنده شامل نوسان انگیزهٔ دانش‌آموزان، تفاوت در توانایی حفظ، کمبود آمادگی برای ارائهٔ محفوظات و عوامل حواس‌پرتی در فعالیت‌های یادگیری بوده است. این یافته‌ها نشان می‌دهد که راهبردهای معلمان نقش مهمی در حمایت از توسعهٔ انضباط و استمرار دانش‌آموزان در حفظ قرآن ایفا می‌کند.

This study was motivated by the fact that some students still showed a lack of empathy and social awareness in their daily lives. Therefore, Islamic Religious Education learning is expected not only to focus on knowledge but also to instill empathy values to improve students' social awareness. The purpose of this study was to determine the implementation of Islamic Religious Education learning based on empathy values and the supporting and inhibiting factors in its implementation. This study employed a qualitative approach with a descriptive research design. The research subjects consisted of Islamic Religious Education teachers, the principal, and eleventh-grade students at SMA Muhammadiyah 3 Palembang. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation. Data were analyzed through data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing, while data validity was ensured through source and technique triangulation. The results showed that the implementation of Islamic Religious Education learning based on empathy values had been carried out well through habituation, teacher role modeling, group work, motivation, social activities, and religious activities involving students directly. The implementation had a positive impact on students' social awareness. Supporting factors included the role of teachers, a conducive school environment, and support from the principal and parents. Inhibiting factors included differences in students' characteristics, lack of consistency in applying empathy values, and the use of gadgets. Efforts to overcome these obstacles were carried out through student guidance and parenting activities for parents.

The rapid expansion of online learning in higher education has transformed the way students interact with course content, instructors, and peers, making student engagement a critical indicator of learning success. This study investigates the influence of online learning quality, lecturer support, and academic self-efficacy on student engagement in an online learning environment. Using a quantitative research design, data were collected from university students through a structured questionnaire measuring the four key constructs. The data were analyzed using multiple regression analysis to examine the direct effects of each independent variable on student engagement. The results reveal that all three variables—online learning quality, lecturer support, and academic self-efficacy—have significant positive effects on student engagement. Among these, academic self-efficacy emerged as the strongest predictor, indicating that students’ confidence in their academic abilities plays a central role in shaping their level of participation and involvement. Online learning quality also significantly contributes to engagement, emphasizing the importance of well-designed, interactive, and accessible digital learning environments. Additionally, lecturer support was found to positively influence engagement, highlighting the role of instructor presence, feedback, and communication in fostering an engaging learning experience. These findings suggest that improving both structural and psychological aspects of online education can enhance student engagement. The study contributes to the growing body of literature on online learning by providing empirical evidence on key factors that influence engagement and offers practical implications for educators and institutions aiming to optimize online learning experiences.

Background and Objectives: Legal recognition of same-sex marriage is prohibited in most Southeast Asian countries. This has led a Philippine local government to pass the Right to Care ordinance, allowing LGBTQIA+ individuals to make medical decisions for their partners. In the development of local policy, community engagement is essential (Dada et al., 2023); however, there is limited understanding of how communication enables such engagement. Therefore, this study aims to answer how the Quezon City Local Government and MullenLowe TREYNA engaged the community in developing the Right to Care Card (RTCC) and how LGBTQIA+ couples and implementers describe their experiences and challenges in accessing and implementing the RTCC. Methodology: This paper utilizes a qualitative research design, specifically a case study. Considering that this study focuses on community engagement, it is also anchored in the sociocultural tradition of communication, thus, emphasizing the importance of understanding community dynamics in a social and cultural context (Craig, 1999). The data were gathered through semi-structured interviews with stakeholders of the RTCC, selected through purposive sampling. For the first coding cycle, the researchers used Descriptive and Process Coding, while Pattern Coding was employed to determine the themes. Results: It can be inferred that MullenLowe TREYNA and the QC LGU substantially engaged the LGBTQIA+ community, including other sectors, in developing the RTCC, with the forms of Modified Spectrum of Public Participation as the basis. Through the validation provided by the implementers and end-users of the RTCC, stakeholders can understand the expectations and limitations of the policy, specifically regarding the protection of their respective interests. In effect, as evidenced by the LGBTQIA+ representative's eagerness to push the passage of the ordinance to protect the lives of their partners, this eagerness demonstrates their empowerment. It reflects their ability to express their gender identity and their same-sex relationship, which aligns with the final form of public participation. Discussions: The researchers propose that the first form of public participation, Inform, has become in the case of RTCC, less applicable in the current context of public participation, given how governments engage the public for policy development. They suggest that Inform may be replaced with Identify. The researchers also suggest the placement of Participatory Communication and Transformative Communication in the proposed framework, as it was also found that the proponents and adopters' responses focused on grassroots mobilization and RTCC adoption in other cities. Conclusions: The QC LGU and MullenLowe TREYNA have strengthened their image as an inclusive local government and agency, respectively, because they were able to consult various sectors and make it possible to implement the RTCC within the city. The implementation of the RTCC also showed that the LGBTQIA+ couples are empowered in securing the RTCC and protecting the lives of their partners. Empowerment should not be understood only in terms of access but should also be evaluated based on whether local government processes enable beneficiaries to realize the intended benefits of the policy. These findings recommend further studies on other cities that recently implemented the RTCC, as well as a quantitative study for further validation.

زمینه و اهداف: شناسایی قانونی ازدواج همجنس‌گرایان در اکثر کشورهای جنوب شرق آسیا ممنوع است. این امر منجر به تصویب آیین‌نامه حق مراقبت توسط یک دولت محلی در فیلیپین شده است که به افراد LGBTQIA+ اجازه می‌دهد تصمیمات پزشکی برای شریک زندگی خود اتخاذ کنند. در تدوین سیاست‌های محلی، مشارکت جامعه ضروری است (Dada و همکاران، 2023)؛ با این حال، درک محدودی از چگونگی نقش ارتباطات در تسهیل این مشارکت وجود دارد. بنابراین، این مطالعه با هدف پاسخ به این پرسش انجام شده است که چگونه دولت محلی Quezon City و شرکت MullenLowe TREYNA جامعه را در توسعه کارت حق مراقبت (RTCC) مشارکت داده‌اند و زوج‌های LGBTQIA+ و مجریان، تجربیات و چالش‌های خود را در دسترسی و اجرای RTCC چگونه توصیف می‌کنند. روش‌شناسی: این مقاله از طرح پژوهش کیفی و به طور خاص مطالعه موردی استفاده می‌کند. با توجه به تمرکز مطالعه بر مشارکت جامعه، این پژوهش در سنت جامعه‌شناختی ارتباطات ریشه دارد و بر اهمیت درک پویایی‌های جامعه در بستر اجتماعی و فرهنگی تأکید می‌کند (Craig، 1999). داده‌ها از طریق مصاحبه‌های نیمه‌ساختاریافته با ذینفعان RTCC که به روش نمونه‌گیری هدفمند انتخاب شده‌اند، گردآوری شد. در چرخه اول کدگذاری، پژوهشگران از کدگذاری توصیفی و فرایندی استفاده کردند و برای تعیین مضامین از کدگذاری الگویی بهره بردند. یافته‌ها: می‌توان استنباط کرد که شرکت MullenLowe TREYNA و دولت محلی QC به طور قابل توجهی جامعه LGBTQIA+ و سایر بخش‌ها را در توسعه RTCC مشارکت داده‌اند و اشکال طیف اصلاح‌شده مشارکت عمومی مبنای این کار قرار گرفته است. از طریق اعتبارسنجی ارائه‌شده توسط مجریان و کاربران نهایی RTCC، ذینفعان می‌توانند انتظارات و محدودیت‌های سیاست را، به ویژه در خصوص حفاظت از منافع خود، درک کنند. در نتیجه، همان‌طور که اشتیاق نماینده LGBTQIA+ برای تصویب آیین‌نامه به منظور حفاظت از جان شرکای خود نشان می‌دهد، این اشتیاق بیانگر توانمندسازی آن‌ها است. این امر توانایی آن‌ها را در ابراز هویت جنسیتی و رابطه همجنس‌گرایانه‌شان منعکس می‌کند که با شکل نهایی مشارکت عمومی همسو است. بحث: پژوهشگران پیشنهاد می‌کنند که نخستین شکل مشارکت عمومی، اطلاع‌رسانی (Inform)، در مورد RTCC در بستر کنونی مشارکت عمومی کمتر قابل اجرا است، با توجه به نحوه مشارکت دولت‌ها با مردم در توسعه سیاست. آنان پیشنهاد می‌کنند که اطلاع‌رسانی می‌تواند با شناسایی (Identify) جایگزین شود. همچنین پژوهشگران جایگاه ارتباط مشارکتی و ارتباط تحول‌آفرین را در چارچوب پیشنهادی مطرح می‌کنند، چرا که مشخص شد پاسخ‌های پیشنهاددهندگان و پذیرندگان بر بسیج مردمی و پذیرش RTCC در شهرهای دیگر متمرکز بوده است. نتیجه‌گیری: دولت محلی QC و شرکت MullenLowe TREYNA به ترتیب تصویر خود را به عنوان یک دولت محلی و نهاد فراگیر تقویت کرده‌اند، زیرا توانسته‌اند با مشورت با بخش‌های مختلف، امکان اجرای RTCC را در شهر فراهم کنند. اجرای RTCC همچنین نشان داد که زوج‌های LGBTQIA+ در دریافت RTCC و حفاظت از جان شرکای خود توانمند شده‌اند. توانمندسازی نباید صرفاً از منظر دسترسی درک شود، بلکه باید بر اساس این‌که آیا فرایندهای دولت محلی به ذینفعان امکان تحقق منافع مورد نظر سیاست را می‌دهد یا خیر، ارزیابی شود. این یافته‌ها انجام مطالعات بیشتر در سایر شهرهایی که اخیراً RTCC را اجرا کرده‌اند و همچنین پژوهش کمی برای اعتبارسنجی بیشتر را توصیه می‌کند.

This study aims to examine the concept of Al-Wujuh wa an-Nazaʾir and its implications for the methodology of Qur’anic interpretation. The phenomenon of polysemy in Qur’anic Arabic necessitates a systematic approach to ensure that the meanings of lexical items are understood accurately and contextually. This research employs a qualitative method with a library research design, utilizing both linguistic and exegetical approaches. The findings indicate that Al-Wujuh wa anNazaʾir serves as a crucial instrument in understanding the semantic diversity of Qur’anic vocabulary, where a single word may carry multiple meanings depending on its context (al-wujuh), and different words may share similar meanings (annazaʾir). This concept plays a strategic role in preventing misinterpretation, assisting in determining the most appropriate meaning based on context (siyaq), and strengthening the linguistic approach in Qur’anic exegesis. Furthermore, this study highlights that integrating the classical concept of Al-Wujuh wa an-Nazaʾir with modern linguistic theories can produce a more comprehensive and relevant methodological framework for addressing contemporary challenges in Qur’anic interpretation.

این پژوهش با هدف بررسی مفهوم «الوجوه و النظائر» و پیامدهای آن برای روش‌شناسی تفسیر قرآن کریم انجام شده است. پدیده چندمعنایی در زبان عربی قرآن، نیازمند رویکردی نظام‌مند است تا معانی واژگان به‌درستی و بر اساس بافت فهمیده شوند. این تحقیق با روش کیفی و طرح پژوهش کتابخانه‌ای، از رویکردهای زبانی و تفسیری بهره گرفته است. یافته‌ها نشان می‌دهد که «الوجوه و النظائر» به‌عنوان ابزاری اساسی در فهم تنوع معنایی واژگان قرآنی عمل می‌کند؛ به‌گونه‌ای که یک واژه می‌تواند بسته به سیاق (الوجوه) معانی متعددی داشته باشد و واژگان مختلف می‌توانند معانی مشابهی داشته باشند (النظائر). این مفهوم نقش راهبردی در جلوگیری از تفسیر نادرست، یاری در تعیین معنای مناسب بر اساس سیاق و تقویت رویکرد زبانی در تفسیر قرآن ایفا می‌کند. افزون بر این، پژوهش حاضر نشان می‌دهد که ادغام مفهوم کلاسیک «الوجوه و النظائر» با نظریه‌های زبان‌شناسی معاصر می‌تواند چارچوب روش‌شناختی جامع‌تر و مرتبط‌تری برای مواجهه با چالش‌های معاصر تفسیر قرآن فراهم آورد.

This study aims to identify and describe the strategies implemented by Civics Education teachers to enhance legal awareness among students at Gajah Mada Private High School in Medan. The study employs a qualitative approach with a descriptive research design. The informants included Civics Education teachers and students. Data collection was conducted through observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. Subsequently, the data were analyzed through a process involving data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing.The research findings indicate that Civics Education teachers employ various strategies to foster student legal awareness, such as linking learning materials to real-life situations faced by students, conducting discussions and case studies, setting an example of rule compliance, and instilling a habit of discipline within the school environment. The implementation of these strategies has positively impacted students' understanding of the importance of the law and their rights and obligations as citizens, while also encouraging adherence to school regulations. These strategies are supported by effective collaboration among teachers, the school administration, and parents. However, certain challenges remain, such as low learning motivation among some students, the influence of peer environments, the impact of social media and technology, and the diverse characteristics of individual students. Based on the results, it can be concluded that the strategies employed by Civics Education teachers play a significant role in fostering and enhancing student legal awareness. The success of these efforts requires sustained support and collaboration among teachers, the school, and families to shape students who possess disciplined, responsible, and law-abiding character.

این پژوهش با هدف شناسایی و توصیف راهبردهای به‌کاررفته توسط دبیران آموزش مدنی برای ارتقای آگاهی حقوقی دانش‌آموزان در دبیرستان خصوصی Gajah Mada شهر مدان انجام شده‌است. این مطالعه با رویکرد کیفی و طرح پژوهش توصیفی صورت گرفته‌است. مشارکت‌کنندگان شامل دبیران آموزش مدنی و دانش‌آموزان بوده‌اند. گردآوری داده‌ها از طریق مشاهده، مصاحبه‌های عمیق و مستندسازی انجام شده‌است. سپس داده‌ها از طریق فرایندی شامل گردآوری داده، کاهش داده، ارائه داده و نتیجه‌گیری تحلیل گردید. یافته‌های پژوهش نشان می‌دهد که دبیران آموزش مدنی از راهبردهای متنوعی برای تقویت آگاهی حقوقی دانش‌آموزان بهره می‌برند؛ از جمله ارتباط دادن محتوای آموزشی با موقعیت‌های واقعی زندگی دانش‌آموزان، برگزاری بحث و مطالعه موردی، الگوسازی در رعایت قوانین و نهادینه‌سازی عادت انضباط در محیط مدرسه. اجرای این راهبردها تأثیر مثبتی بر درک دانش‌آموزان از اهمیت قانون و حقوق و وظایف خود به‌عنوان شهروند داشته و همچنین موجب تشویق به رعایت مقررات مدرسه شده‌است. این راهبردها با همکاری مؤثر میان دبیران، مدیریت مدرسه و والدین پشتیبانی می‌شود. با این حال، چالش‌هایی همچون پایین بودن انگیزه یادگیری برخی دانش‌آموزان، تأثیر محیط همسالان، تأثیر رسانه‌های اجتماعی و فناوری و ویژگی‌های متنوع فردی دانش‌آموزان همچنان وجود دارد. بر اساس نتایج، می‌توان نتیجه گرفت که راهبردهای به‌کاررفته توسط دبیران آموزش مدنی نقش مهمی در تقویت و ارتقای آگاهی حقوقی دانش‌آموزان ایفا می‌کند. موفقیت این تلاش‌ها نیازمند حمایت و همکاری مستمر میان دبیران، مدرسه و خانواده‌ها برای تربیت دانش‌آموزانی با شخصیت منضبط، مسئولیت‌پذیر و قانون‌مدار است.

Nigeria’s ambition to build a one-trillion-dollar economy by 2030 requires more than macroeconomic reforms, infrastructure development and increased investment. It requires a well-educated, highly skilled and productive population capable of generating knowledge, developing technologies, creating businesses and solving national problems. Quality education is therefore one of the most important foundations for achieving this economic ambition. This paper examines the critical role of quality education in supporting Nigeria’s aspiration for a one-trillion-dollar economy by 2030. Methodologically, the study adopts a qualitative documentary research design, applying thematic content analysis to eighteen secondary sources drawn from national policy documents, reports of international organisations and peer-reviewed literature. It argues that quality education contributes to economic transformation through the development of a skilled workforce, promotion of science, technology and innovation, expansion of entrepreneurship and employment, strengthening of research and industrial productivity, promotion of inclusive economic growth, and development of effective leadership and institutional capacity. The paper observes that Nigeria’s challenge is no longer simply increasing access to education but ensuring that what learners acquire is relevant to the changing requirements of the Nigerian and global economy. The paper suggests increased and sustainable investment in education, curriculum reform, stronger university-industry partnerships, expansion of technical and vocational education, improved funding for research and innovation, digital transformation of education, and stronger accountability in educational institutions. It concludes that the one-trillion-dollar economic ambition cannot be sustainably achieved without corresponding investment in the quality of Nigeria’s human capital. Quality education should therefore be treated as productive economic infrastructure and a central pillar of Nigeria’s long-term economic transformation.

تلاش نیجریه برای ساختن اقتصادی با ارزش یک تریلیون دلار تا سال ۲۰۳۰، نیازمند چیزی فراتر از اصلاحات کلان اقتصادی، توسعه زیرساخت‌ها و افزایش سرمایه‌گذاری است. این هدف مستلزم جمعیتی تحصیل‌کرده، دارای مهارت بالا و بهره‌ور است که قادر به تولید دانش، توسعه فناوری‌ها، ایجاد کسب‌وکار و حل مسائل ملی باشند. بنابراین، آموزش با کیفیت یکی از مهم‌ترین پایه‌های دستیابی به این هدف اقتصادی به‌شمار می‌رود. این مقاله نقش حیاتی آموزش با کیفیت را در حمایت از آرمان نیجریه برای دستیابی به اقتصاد یک تریلیون دلاری تا سال ۲۰۳۰ بررسی می‌کند. از نظر روش‌شناسی، این پژوهش از طرح پژوهش کیفی اسنادی بهره می‌گیرد و با استفاده از تحلیل محتوای تماتیک، هجده منبع ثانویه برگرفته از اسناد سیاستی ملی، گزارش‌های سازمان‌های بین‌المللی و متون داوری‌شده را مورد بررسی قرار می‌دهد. مقاله استدلال می‌کند که آموزش با کیفیت از طریق توسعه نیروی کار ماهر، ترویج علم، فناوری و نوآوری، گسترش کارآفرینی و اشتغال، تقویت پژوهش و بهره‌وری صنعتی، ارتقای رشد اقتصادی فراگیر و توسعه رهبری مؤثر و ظرفیت نهادی، به تحول اقتصادی کمک می‌کند. مقاله خاطرنشان می‌سازد که چالش نیجریه دیگر صرفاً افزایش دسترسی به آموزش نیست، بلکه اطمینان از مرتبط بودن آنچه فراگیران کسب می‌کنند با نیازهای متغیر اقتصاد نیجریه و جهان است. مقاله پیشنهاد می‌کند که سرمایه‌گذاری پایدار و افزایشی در آموزش، اصلاح برنامه درسی، تقویت همکاری دانشگاه و صنعت، گسترش آموزش فنی و حرفه‌ای، بهبود تأمین مالی پژوهش و نوآوری، تحول دیجیتال آموزش و افزایش پاسخگویی در نهادهای آموزشی باید مورد توجه قرار گیرد. در پایان نتیجه‌گیری می‌شود که هدف اقتصادی یک تریلیون دلاری بدون سرمایه‌گذاری متناسب در کیفیت سرمایه انسانی نیجریه به‌طور پایدار قابل تحقق نیست. بنابراین، آموزش با کیفیت باید به‌عنوان زیرساخت اقتصادی مولد و ستون مرکزی تحول اقتصادی بلندمدت نیجریه تلقی شود.

The rapid development of digital technology has transformed how elementary school children learn, communicate, and interact, presenting both opportunities and challenges for their education and moral development. From the perspective of Islamic education, children's technology use requires appropriate parental guidance to ensure that digital activities align with Islamic values. This study aims to explore parental mediation strategies, identify challenges in supervising children's digital activities, and examine the integration of Islamic educational values into digital parenting practices at SDN 01 Pontianak Utara. The novelty of this study lies in its examination of digital parenting through the integration of parental mediation, technology-assisted supervision, and Islamic educational values within the elementary school context. This study employed a descriptive qualitative approach with a field research design. Data were collected through participatory observation, in-depth interviews with parents and Islamic Education teachers, and documentation. Data analysis followed the Miles and Huberman interactive model, consisting of data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing, while source triangulation was applied to ensure data credibility. The findings identified three major challenges: limited parental digital literacy, inadequate supervision of children's digital activities, and the need for technology-assisted parental mediation through applications such as Google Family Link. Furthermore, the findings indicate that effective digital parenting requires more than technological restrictions, emphasizing collaboration between parents and schools alongside the integration of Islamic moral values. This study contributes to the development of Islamic digital parenting practices by highlighting the importance of combining technological supervision, parental guidance, and Islamic educational values to create a safer and more responsible digital environment for elementary school children.

توسعه سریع فناوری دیجیتال شیوه‌های یادگیری، ارتباط و تعامل کودکان دبستانی را دگرگون کرده است و فرصت‌ها و چالش‌هایی را برای آموزش و رشد اخلاقی آنان به همراه آورده است. از منظر آموزش اسلامی، استفاده کودکان از فناوری نیازمند راهنمایی مناسب والدین است تا فعالیت‌های دیجیتال آنان با ارزش‌های اسلامی همسو باشد. هدف این پژوهش، بررسی راهبردهای میانجی‌گری والدین، شناسایی چالش‌های نظارت بر فعالیت‌های دیجیتال کودکان و بررسی ادغام ارزش‌های تربیت اسلامی در شیوه‌های فرزندپروری دیجیتال در دبستان SDN 01 Pontianak Utara است. نوآوری این پژوهش در بررسی فرزندپروری دیجیتال از طریق ادغام میانجی‌گری والدین، نظارت مبتنی بر فناوری و ارزش‌های تربیت اسلامی در بستر دبستان نهفته است. این پژوهش با رویکرد کیفی توصیفی و طرح پژوهش میدانی انجام شده است. داده‌ها از طریق مشاهده مشارکتی، مصاحبه عمیق با والدین و معلمان آموزش اسلامی و اسناد گردآوری شد. تحلیل داده‌ها بر اساس مدل تعاملی Miles و Huberman شامل کاهش داده، نمایش داده و نتیجه‌گیری انجام شد و برای اطمینان از اعتبار داده‌ها از مثلث‌سازی منابع استفاده گردید. یافته‌ها سه چالش عمده را شناسایی کرد: سواد دیجیتال محدود والدین، نظارت ناکافی بر فعالیت‌های دیجیتال کودکان و نیاز به میانجی‌گری والدین با کمک فناوری از طریق برنامه‌هایی مانند Google Family Link. همچنین یافته‌ها نشان می‌دهد که فرزندپروری دیجیتال مؤثر فراتر از محدودیت‌های فناورانه است و بر همکاری والدین و مدرسه در کنار ادغام ارزش‌های اخلاقی اسلامی تأکید دارد. این پژوهش با برجسته‌سازی اهمیت ترکیب نظارت فناورانه، راهنمایی والدین و ارزش‌های تربیت اسلامی، به توسعه شیوه‌های فرزندپروری دیجیتال اسلامی برای ایجاد محیط دیجیتال ایمن‌تر و مسئولانه‌تر برای کودکان دبستانی کمک می‌کند.

This study examined the influence of teacher classroom practices on perceived primary school effectiveness in Southwestern Nigeria. Specifically, the study assessed the level of perceived school effectiveness and examined teachers’ digital instructional practices, classroom management, teacher–pupil interaction, and digital assessment and feedback practices, as well as the joint and relative contributions of these classroom practices to school effectiveness. A descriptive survey research design was adopted. The population comprised public primary school teachers in the six states of Southwestern Nigeria, while a multistage sampling procedure was used to select 1,200 teachers from 90 public primary schools across Ogun, Osun, and Ekiti States. Data were collected using the Teacher Classroom Practices and Primary School Effectiveness Questionnaire (TCPSPEQ), which demonstrated satisfactory internal consistency with a Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of 0.87. Data were analysed using frequencies, percentages, weighted means, standard deviations, Pearson Product Moment Correlation, and multiple regression at the 0.05 level of significance. Findings showed that perceived school effectiveness was relatively high (weighted mean = 2.90), while classroom management (3.08) and teacher–pupil interaction (3.10) were rated high. Teachers also reported high perceptions of interactive digital storytelling (3.00), blended learning (2.93), and mobile learning (2.89), although actual use of digital tools was comparatively limited. The study concludes that strengthening classroom management, teacher–pupil relationships, and purposeful digital instructional and assessment practices can enhance primary school effectiveness in Southwestern Nigeria. It therefore recommended school administrators should strengthen classroom supervision and instructional support to sustain effective classroom management practices among teachers.

این مطالعه به بررسی تأثیر شیوه‌های معلمان در کلاس درس بر اثربخشی ادراک‌شده مدارس ابتدایی در جنوب‌غربی نیجریه پرداخت. به طور خاص، سطح اثربخشی ادراک‌شده مدارس ارزیابی شد و شیوه‌های آموزشی دیجیتال معلمان، مدیریت کلاس درس، تعامل معلم و دانش‌آموز، و شیوه‌های ارزیابی و بازخورد دیجیتال معلمان مورد بررسی قرار گرفت، همچنین سهم مشترک و نسبی این شیوه‌های کلاسی در اثربخشی مدرسه تحلیل شد. طرح پژوهش از نوع پیمایشی توصیفی بود. جامعه آماری شامل معلمان مدارس ابتدایی دولتی در شش ایالت جنوب‌غربی نیجریه بود و با استفاده از روش نمونه‌گیری چندمرحله‌ای، تعداد ۱۲۰۰ معلم از ۹۰ مدرسه ابتدایی دولتی در ایالت‌های Ogun، Osun و Ekiti انتخاب شدند. داده‌ها با استفاده از پرسشنامه شیوه‌های معلمان در کلاس درس و اثربخشی مدارس ابتدایی (TCPSPEQ) گردآوری شد که از نظر پایایی درونی با ضریب آلفای کرونباخ ۰٫۸۷ رضایت‌بخش بود. داده‌ها با استفاده از فراوانی، درصد، میانگین وزنی، انحراف معیار، همبستگی حاصل‌ضرب لحظه‌ای پیرسون و رگرسیون چندگانه در سطح معناداری ۰٫۰۵ تحلیل شدند. یافته‌ها نشان داد اثربخشی ادراک‌شده مدارس نسبتاً بالا بود (میانگین وزنی = ۲٫۹۰)، در حالی که مدیریت کلاس درس (۳٫۰۸) و تعامل معلم و دانش‌آموز (۳٫۱۰) نیز در سطح بالایی ارزیابی شدند. معلمان همچنین ادراک بالایی نسبت به روایت‌گری دیجیتال تعاملی (۳٫۰۰)، یادگیری ترکیبی (۲٫۹۳) و یادگیری سیار (۲٫۸۹) گزارش کردند، هرچند استفاده واقعی از ابزارهای دیجیتال نسبتاً محدود بود. مطالعه نتیجه می‌گیرد که تقویت مدیریت کلاس درس، روابط معلم و دانش‌آموز و شیوه‌های هدفمند آموزشی و ارزیابی دیجیتال می‌تواند اثربخشی مدارس ابتدایی در جنوب‌غربی نیجریه را افزایش دهد. بنابراین توصیه می‌شود مدیران مدارس نظارت بر کلاس درس و حمایت آموزشی را برای حفظ شیوه‌های مؤثر مدیریت کلاس درس در میان معلمان تقویت کنند.

This study examined the impacts of information and communication technology utilisation on lecturers’ research productivity in state-owned Colleges of Education, North-central Nigeria. It adopted a descriptive research design of survey type. The population of the study consisted of 2,011 lecturers in all the state-owned Colleges of Education in Kwara State. Three states (Kwara, Kogi and Niger) were randomly selected, while all the six COEs were sampled purposively. Through the use of a proportionate sampling technique, 289 lecturers were sampled using Krejcie and Morgan (1970) table for sample size determination. Impacts of Information Technology on Lecturers’ Research Productivity was used for data collection. The instrument was taken through validation and reliability processes which yielded a reliability coefficent of 0.82. Percentage was used to answer research one, while mean was used to answer research questions two and three. The findings of the study, among others, revealed that ICT utilisation gives lecturers opportunity to have faster access to literature; enables lecturers to collaborate with other researchers within and outside Nigeria to find solution to educational problems; eases collection of data for lecturers thereby removing distance barrier; and makes lecturers’ works visible to the world through Google scholar, Academia and ResearchGate. It concluded that ICT utilisation has positive impacts on lecturers’ research productivity. Based on the findings, it was recommended that the management of the state-owned Colleges of Education and governments in North-central Nigeria should be highly committed to the provision of capacity building programmes on ICT skills acquisition for lecturers through seminars, workshops, and lectures to enhance their research productivity.

این پژوهش به بررسی تأثیرات استفاده از فناوری اطلاعات و ارتباطات بر بهره‌وری پژوهشی اعضای هیئت علمی در دانشکده‌های تربیت معلم دولتی منطقه شمال مرکزی نیجریه پرداخته است. این پژوهش از طرح پژوهش توصیفی از نوع پیمایشی بهره برده است. جامعه آماری پژوهش شامل ۲۰۱۱ نفر از اعضای هیئت علمی در تمامی دانشکده‌های تربیت معلم دولتی ایالت کوارا بوده است. سه ایالت (کوارا، کوگی و نیجر) به صورت تصادفی انتخاب شدند و تمامی شش دانشکده تربیت معلم به صورت هدفمند نمونه‌گیری شدند. با استفاده از روش نمونه‌گیری متناسب و جدول تعیین حجم نمونه Krejcie and Morgan (1970)، تعداد ۲۸۹ نفر از اعضای هیئت علمی نمونه‌گیری شدند. ابزار گردآوری داده‌ها، پرسشنامه «تأثیرات فناوری اطلاعات بر بهره‌وری پژوهشی اعضای هیئت علمی» بود. این ابزار مورد اعتبارسنجی و سنجش پایایی قرار گرفت و ضریب پایایی ۰.۸۲ به دست آمد. برای پاسخ به سؤال اول پژوهش از درصد و برای پاسخ به سؤالات دوم و سوم از میانگین استفاده شد. یافته‌های پژوهش، از جمله، نشان داد که استفاده از فناوری اطلاعات و ارتباطات به اعضای هیئت علمی فرصت دسترسی سریع‌تر به منابع علمی را می‌دهد؛ امکان همکاری با سایر پژوهشگران در داخل و خارج از نیجریه برای حل مسائل آموزشی را فراهم می‌کند؛ جمع‌آوری داده‌ها را برای اعضای هیئت علمی تسهیل کرده و مانع فاصله را از میان برمی‌دارد؛ و آثار اعضای هیئت علمی را از طریق Google scholar، Academia و ResearchGate در معرض دید جهانی قرار می‌دهد. نتیجه‌گیری شد که استفاده از فناوری اطلاعات و ارتباطات تأثیرات مثبتی بر بهره‌وری پژوهشی اعضای هیئت علمی دارد. بر اساس یافته‌ها، توصیه شد که مدیریت دانشکده‌های تربیت معلم دولتی و دولت‌های منطقه شمال مرکزی نیجریه باید به طور جدی متعهد به ارائه برنامه‌های توانمندسازی در زمینه کسب مهارت‌های فناوری اطلاعات برای اعضای هیئت علمی از طریق سمینارها، کارگاه‌ها و سخنرانی‌ها باشند تا بهره‌وری پژوهشی آنان ارتقا یابد.

Inclusive education practice in secondary schools faces a plethora of challenges such as inadequate assistive devices, restrictive school environments and poorly designed classrooms. Despite the identified challenges, little has done in terms of research on the extent to which these challenges influence inclusive education practice in Osun State. Therefore, this study examined the influence of technology and environmental support systems on inclusive education practice in public secondary schools in Osun State, Nigeria. The study adopted a descriptive research design of the predictive correlational type; the population comprised 6,330 teachers from all the public secondary schools across the 30 Local Government Areas of the state. The study adopted multi-stage sampling procedure, simple random sampling technique by balloting (to select 15 from the 30 Local Government Areas), systematic sampling technique (to select 93 schools) and proportionate sampling technique (to select teachers from each Local Government Area) this ultimately yielded a sample of 950 teachers. Data was collected through structured questionnaire on Inclusive Education Practice and Support Systems (QIEPSS). The instrument was subjected to face and content validity and construct validity was established through exploratory factor analysis. The research questions were answered with mean and the hypothesis was tested with multiple linear regression. The findings showed that the level of inclusive education practice was low. Based on the findings, it was recommended among others that the government prioritises the provision of assistive devices and completely overhaul of school structures.

اجرای آموزش فراگیر در مدارس متوسطه با چالش‌های متعددی مانند کمبود وسایل کمکی، محیط‌های محدودکننده مدرسه و کلاس‌های درس با طراحی نامناسب مواجه است. با وجود شناسایی این چالش‌ها، پژوهش‌های اندکی در خصوص میزان تأثیر این چالش‌ها بر اجرای آموزش فراگیر در ایالت Osun انجام شده است. بنابراین، این مطالعه به بررسی تأثیر فناوری و نظام‌های حمایتی محیطی بر اجرای آموزش فراگیر در مدارس متوسطه دولتی ایالت Osun، نیجریه پرداخت. این پژوهش از طرح پژوهش توصیفی از نوع همبستگی پیش‌بین استفاده کرد؛ جامعه آماری شامل ۶٬۳۳۰ معلم از تمامی مدارس متوسطه دولتی در ۳۰ منطقه شهرداری این ایالت بود. نمونه‌گیری به صورت چندمرحله‌ای، با استفاده از روش نمونه‌گیری تصادفی ساده از طریق قرعه‌کشی (برای انتخاب ۱۵ منطقه از ۳۰ منطقه شهرداری)، نمونه‌گیری نظام‌مند (برای انتخاب ۹۳ مدرسه) و نمونه‌گیری متناسب (برای انتخاب معلمان از هر منطقه شهرداری) انجام شد که در نهایت منجر به انتخاب نمونه‌ای متشکل از ۹۵۰ معلم گردید. داده‌ها از طریق پرسشنامه ساختاریافته «اجرای آموزش فراگیر و نظام‌های حمایتی» (QIEPSS) جمع‌آوری شد. ابزار پژوهش از نظر روایی صوری و روایی محتوا مورد بررسی قرار گرفت و روایی سازه آن از طریق تحلیل عاملی اکتشافی تأیید شد. به سؤالات پژوهش با استفاده از میانگین پاسخ داده شد و فرضیه پژوهش با رگرسیون خطی چندگانه آزمون گردید. یافته‌ها نشان داد که سطح اجرای آموزش فراگیر پایین است. بر اساس یافته‌ها، از جمله توصیه شد که دولت تأمین وسایل کمکی را در اولویت قرار داده و ساختار مدارس را به طور کامل بازنگری نماید.

A well implemented entrepreneurship education programme of colleges of education provides a study on entrepreneurship skill to prepare students of the programme for entrepreneurship. The study examined the Perceived influence of entrepreneurship skills on poverty alleviation as perceived by colleges of education graduates. The study was guided by two research questions and two null hypotheses. The study employed a descriptive research design method. The population of the study comprised business education graduates in Kwara State Public Colleges of Education. There are 2052 graduates (2019 – 2021 academic session) in the three public colleges of education offering business education in Kwara State. A sample of 300 business education students in all the three public colleges of education in Kwara State were selected in this study. A structured 20-item questionnaire tagged "Influence of Entrepreneurship Skills on Poverty Alleviation Questionnaire (IESPAQ) designed by the researcher was used to gather data for the study. Research questions were analyzed using mean and standard deviation. The null hypotheses were tested at 0.05 level of significance using independent samples t-test. Through the findings from the study, it was concluded that entrepreneurship skills had a positive influence on poverty alleviation among public colleges of education graduates in Kwara State. Among the study's recommendations was that Entrepreneurial education curriculum planner should widen the scope of her entrepreneurship education given to the students to enable them meet up with the entrepreneurial skills required in the present world.

یک برنامه آموزش کارآفرینی به‌خوبی اجراشده در دانشکده‌های تربیت معلم، مطالعه‌ای درباره مهارت‌های کارآفرینی به‌منظور آماده‌سازی دانشجویان این برنامه برای کارآفرینی فراهم می‌کند. این پژوهش تأثیر ادراک‌شده مهارت‌های کارآفرینی بر کاهش فقر را از دیدگاه فارغ‌التحصیلان دانشکده‌های تربیت معلم مورد بررسی قرار داد. پژوهش حاضر توسط دو سؤال پژوهشی و دو فرضیه صفر هدایت شد. روش پژوهش توصیفی به‌کار گرفته شد. جامعه آماری پژوهش شامل فارغ‌التحصیلان رشته آموزش بازرگانی در دانشکده‌های تربیت معلم دولتی ایالت Kwara بود. در سه دانشکده دولتی آموزش بازرگانی در ایالت Kwara، تعداد ۲۰۵۲ فارغ‌التحصیل (سال تحصیلی ۲۰۱۹ تا ۲۰۲۱) وجود داشت. نمونه‌ای متشکل از ۳۰۰ دانشجوی آموزش بازرگانی در هر سه دانشکده دولتی تربیت معلم ایالت Kwara برای این مطالعه انتخاب شد. برای گردآوری داده‌ها از پرسشنامه ساختارمند ۲۰ ماده‌ای با عنوان «پرسشنامه تأثیر مهارت‌های کارآفرینی بر کاهش فقر (IESPAQ)» که توسط پژوهشگر طراحی شده بود، استفاده شد. سؤالات پژوهش با استفاده از میانگین و انحراف معیار تحلیل شدند. فرضیه‌های صفر در سطح معناداری ۰٫۰۵ با استفاده از آزمون t مستقل بررسی شدند. بر اساس یافته‌های پژوهش، نتیجه‌گیری شد که مهارت‌های کارآفرینی تأثیر مثبتی بر کاهش فقر در میان فارغ‌التحصیلان دانشکده‌های تربیت معلم دولتی ایالت Kwara داشته است. از جمله توصیه‌های پژوهش این بود که برنامه‌ریزان برنامه درسی آموزش کارآفرینی باید دامنه آموزش کارآفرینی ارائه‌شده به دانشجویان را گسترش دهند تا آنان بتوانند با مهارت‌های کارآفرینی مورد نیاز در جهان امروز همگام شوند.

This study investigated asynchronous e-learning approach as determinants of students’ academic achievement in Word Processing in Colleges of Education in Southwest Nigeria. The study adopted a descriptive research design. One research question and two hypotheses were formulated to guide the investigation. The population consisted of 1,360 students and 213 lecturers drawn from nine Colleges of Education in Southwest Nigeria. Data were collected using three instruments: the Word Processing Achievement Test (WPAT), Kuder-Richardson 21 (KR-21) was used to establish the stability of the achievement test items, which resulted in a reliability coefficient of 0.95. Students’ Questionnaire on Asynchronous E-learning Approach (SQAEA) (α = 0.81), and the Lecturers’ Questionnaire on Asynchronous E-learning Approach (LQAEA) (α = 0.77). The findings revealed that students’ academic achievement in Word Processing in Colleges of Education in Southwest Nigeria was high. However, the extent to which asynchronous e-learning was also low (x̄ = 2.41). The findings revealed an asynchronous e-learning had a significant positive contribution (β = 0.146, t = 3.127, p < 0.05). The findings also indicated a gender difference in achievement, with a mean score difference of 0.976. In conclusion, the study highlights the need for improved and more effective integration of e-learning approach, especially by strengthening asynchronous learning opportunities and reviewing the implementation of synchronous methods, in order to enhance students’ academic achievement in Word Processing. It was recommended among others that institutions should mandate the development and consistent use of asynchronous instructional materials.

این پژوهش رویکرد یادگیری الکترونیکی غیرهمزمان را به عنوان تعیین‌کننده‌های پیشرفت تحصیلی دانشجویان در درس واژه‌پردازی در دانشکده‌های تربیت معلم جنوب‌غرب نیجریه مورد بررسی قرار داد. این پژوهش از طرح پژوهش توصیفی بهره گرفت. یک سؤال پژوهش و دو فرضیه برای هدایت پژوهش تدوین شد. جامعه آماری شامل ۱۳۶۰ دانشجو و ۲۱۳ مدرس بود که از نه دانشکده تربیت معلم در جنوب‌غرب نیجریه انتخاب شدند. داده‌ها با استفاده از سه ابزار گردآوری شد: آزمون پیشرفت در واژه‌پردازی (WPAT)، که برای تعیین ثبات آیتم‌های آزمون پیشرفت از Kuder-Richardson 21 (KR-21) استفاده شد و ضریب پایایی ۰.۹۵ به دست آمد؛ پرسشنامه دانشجویان درباره رویکرد یادگیری الکترونیکی غیرهمزمان (SQAEA) (α = 0.81) و پرسشنامه مدرسان درباره رویکرد یادگیری الکترونیکی غیرهمزمان (LQAEA) (α = 0.77). یافته‌ها نشان داد که پیشرفت تحصیلی دانشجویان در درس واژه‌پردازی در دانشکده‌های تربیت معلم جنوب‌غرب نیجریه بالا بود. با این حال، میزان استفاده از یادگیری الکترونیکی غیرهمزمان نیز پایین بود (x̄ = 2.41). یافته‌ها نشان داد که یادگیری الکترونیکی غیرهمزمان سهم مثبت معناداری داشت (β = 0.146، t = 3.127، p < 0.05). همچنین یافته‌ها تفاوت جنسیتی در پیشرفت را نشان دادند، به طوری که تفاوت میانگین نمره ۰.۹۷۶ بود. در نتیجه، این پژوهش بر لزوم بهبود و ادغام مؤثرتر رویکرد یادگیری الکترونیکی، به ویژه با تقویت فرصت‌های یادگیری غیرهمزمان و بازنگری در اجرای روش‌های همزمان، به منظور ارتقای پیشرفت تحصیلی دانشجویان در درس واژه‌پردازی تأکید می‌کند. از جمله توصیه‌ها این است که مؤسسات باید توسعه و استفاده مستمر از مواد آموزشی غیرهمزمان را الزامی کنند.

This study assessed interns’ performance in school-based tasks as a basis for an internship preparedness program among student-teachers. It examined internship preparedness in terms of pedagogical knowledge, lesson planning, classroom management, professional behavior, and time, communication, and technological skills, as well as performance in teaching demonstrations, lesson preparation, classroom management, collaboration, and professional conduct. A descriptive-correlational research design was employed to determine the level of preparedness and performance of the respondents. Findings revealed that student-teachers demonstrated a very high level of internship preparedness, with all indicators interpreted as “Strongly Agree” and reflected in high weighted mean scores. Professional behavior obtained the highest rating, while classroom management obtained the lowest, although still interpreted as “Strongly Agree.” In terms of performance, collaboration and professional conduct obtained the highest mean scores, followed by teaching demonstration and lesson preparation, indicating strong teaching competencies among the respondents. Inferential results showed that all components of internship preparedness were significantly related to teaching performance, leading to the rejection of the null hypothesis. This confirms that higher levels of preparedness are associated with better teaching performance among student-teachers. Overall, the study concludes that student-teachers are highly prepared and competent for their teaching internship. The findings emphasize the need to further strengthen classroom management skills while sustaining training in pedagogical and technological competencies to enhance internship effectiveness.

این پژوهش عملکرد کارورزان را در وظایف مبتنی بر مدرسه به عنوان مبنایی برای برنامه آمادگی کارورزی در میان دانشجومعلمان ارزیابی کرد. آمادگی کارورزی از نظر دانش آموزشی، برنامه‌ریزی درسی، مدیریت کلاس، رفتار حرفه‌ای، و مهارت‌های زمانی، ارتباطی و فناورانه، همچنین عملکرد در ارائه‌های آموزشی، آماده‌سازی درس، مدیریت کلاس، همکاری و رفتار حرفه‌ای مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. از طرح پژوهش توصیفی-همبستگی برای تعیین سطح آمادگی و عملکرد پاسخ‌دهندگان استفاده شد. یافته‌ها نشان داد که دانشجومعلمان سطح بسیار بالایی از آمادگی کارورزی را نشان دادند، به طوری که همه شاخص‌ها به عنوان «کاملاً موافقم» تفسیر شدند و در میانگین وزنی بالا منعکس گردیدند. رفتار حرفه‌ای بالاترین امتیاز را کسب کرد، در حالی که مدیریت کلاس پایین‌ترین امتیاز را به دست آورد، اگرچه همچنان به عنوان «کاملاً موافقم» تفسیر شد. از نظر عملکرد، همکاری و رفتار حرفه‌ای بالاترین میانگین امتیاز را کسب کردند و پس از آن ارائه آموزشی و آماده‌سازی درس قرار گرفتند که نشان‌دهنده شایستگی قوی آموزشی در میان پاسخ‌دهندگان است. نتایج استنباطی نشان داد که همه مؤلفه‌های آمادگی کارورزی با عملکرد آموزشی رابطه معناداری دارند و این امر منجر به رد فرضیه صفر شد. این امر تأیید می‌کند که سطوح بالاتر آمادگی با عملکرد بهتر آموزشی در میان دانشجومعلمان همراه است. به طور کلی، پژوهش نتیجه می‌گیرد که دانشجومعلمان برای کارورزی آموزشی خود بسیار آماده و شایسته هستند. یافته‌ها بر لزوم تقویت بیشتر مهارت‌های مدیریت کلاس و در عین حال حفظ آموزش در شایستگی‌های آموزشی و فناورانه برای افزایش اثربخشی کارورزی تأکید می‌کند.

Arabic vocabulary learning for early childhood is an important effort to introduce a foreign language through enjoyable learning activities that are appropriate to children's developmental characteristics. However, conventional learning methods often make children less enthusiastic, resulting in limited Arabic vocabulary mastery. This study aims to describe the use of the Picture Magic Lamp learning media in improving the Arabic vocabulary of children aged 5-6 years at TK Adz-Dzakia Pangkalpinang. This study employed a qualitative approach with a descriptive research design. The participants were children aged 5-6 years at TK Adz-Dzakia Pangkalpinang. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation and were analyzed using the stages of data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The picture magic lamp media was implemented by asking children to identify the displayed colors and mention their names in both Indonesian and Arabic. The findings revealed that the use of the picture magic lamp media increased children's learning interest, active participation, and ability to recognize and pronounce Arabic color vocabulary. Therefore, the Magic Lamp media can be used as an effective and engaging learning medium to improve Arabic vocabulary mastery among early childhood learners.

یادگیری واژگان عربی در دوران کودکی تلاشی مهم برای معرفی زبان خارجی از طریق فعالیت‌های یادگیری لذت‌بخش و متناسب با ویژگی‌های رشدی کودکان است. با این حال، روش‌های یادگیری سنتی اغلب باعث کاهش اشتیاق کودکان می‌شود و در نتیجه تسلط محدودی بر واژگان عربی ایجاد می‌کند. هدف این پژوهش توصیف استفاده از رسانه آموزشی چراغ جادوی تصویری در بهبود واژگان عربی کودکان ۵ تا ۶ ساله در مهد کودک Adz-Dzakia Pangkalpinang است. این پژوهش با رویکرد کیفی و طرح پژوهش توصیفی انجام شد. شرکت‌کنندگان کودکان ۵ تا ۶ ساله مهد کودک Adz-Dzakia Pangkalpinang بودند. داده‌ها از طریق مشاهده، مصاحبه و مستندسازی جمع‌آوری و با استفاده از مراحل کاهش داده، ارائه داده و نتیجه‌گیری تحلیل شدند. رسانه چراغ جادوی تصویری با درخواست از کودکان برای شناسایی رنگ‌های نمایش داده‌شده و بیان نام آن‌ها به زبان اندونزیایی و عربی اجرا شد. یافته‌ها نشان داد که استفاده از رسانه چراغ جادوی تصویری باعث افزایش علاقه‌مندی به یادگیری، مشارکت فعال و توانایی شناسایی و تلفظ واژگان رنگ به زبان عربی در کودکان شد. بنابراین، رسانه چراغ جادو می‌تواند به عنوان یک رسانه آموزشی مؤثر و جذاب برای بهبود تسلط بر واژگان عربی در میان کودکان پیش‌دبستانی مورد استفاده قرار گیرد.

Teacher professional development is particularly important in special education, where teachers are expected to respond to diverse and complex student needs. This study examines school-based professional development workshops implemented through a voluntary, group-oriented adaptation of the peer coaching model in a special education school. The research aims to explore why special education teachers chose to participate in peer coaching-based professional development workshops and to examine the perceived impacts of these workshops on teachers, students, and the overall school climate. Adopting a qualitative research design, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 11 teachers (10 female and 1 male). The data were analyzed using a five-stage phenomenological analysis method. Findings revealed that teachers participated in the workshops to enhance their professional competence, stay informed about current approaches, develop skills in areas where they felt inadequate, and engage in collaborative learning with colleagues. The workshop process was also perceived to contribute positively to students’ academic and social development and to foster a more supportive and collaborative school atmosphere. Overall, participants perceived that the school-based, group-oriented peer coaching workshops supported their instructional practices and contributed to a more collaborative school culture. The study further emphasizes the importance of supporting needs-based and collaborative professional development models within educational policy frameworks.

توسعه حرفه‌ای معلمان به‌ویژه در آموزش ویژه اهمیت بسزایی دارد، زیرا از معلمان انتظار می‌رود به نیازهای متنوع و پیچیده دانش‌آموزان پاسخ دهند. این پژوهش به بررسی کارگاه‌های توسعه حرفه‌ای مدرسه‌محور که از طریق انطباق داوطلبانه و گروه‌محور مدل مربیگری همتا در یک مدرسه آموزش ویژه اجرا شده‌اند، می‌پردازد. هدف پژوهش، واکاوی دلایل مشارکت معلمان آموزش ویژه در کارگاه‌های توسعه حرفه‌ای مبتنی بر مربیگری همتا و بررسی تأثیرات ادراک‌شده این کارگاه‌ها بر معلمان، دانش‌آموزان و فضای کلی مدرسه است. با اتخاذ طرح پژوهش کیفی، مصاحبه‌های نیمه‌ساختاریافته با ۱۱ معلم (۱۰ زن و ۱ مرد) انجام شد. داده‌ها با استفاده از روش تحلیل پدیدارشناختی پنج‌مرحله‌ای تحلیل گردید. یافته‌ها نشان داد که معلمان به منظور ارتقای شایستگی حرفه‌ای، به‌روز ماندن نسبت به رویکردهای جاری، توسعه مهارت‌ها در حوزه‌هایی که احساس ضعف می‌کردند و یادگیری مشارکتی با همکاران در کارگاه‌ها شرکت کردند. همچنین، فرایند کارگاه‌ها از منظر معلمان به رشد تحصیلی و اجتماعی دانش‌آموزان و تقویت فضای حمایتی و مشارکتی مدرسه کمک کرده است. به طور کلی، شرکت‌کنندگان معتقد بودند که کارگاه‌های مربیگری همتای مدرسه‌محور و گروه‌محور از شیوه‌های آموزشی آنان حمایت کرده و به فرهنگ مدرسه‌ای مشارکتی‌تر کمک نموده است. این مطالعه همچنین بر اهمیت حمایت از مدل‌های توسعه حرفه‌ای مبتنی بر نیاز و مشارکتی در چارچوب سیاست‌های آموزشی تأکید می‌کند.

This study explored the lived experiences of pre-service teachers during practice teaching using technology-based pedagogy and interactive digital tools. A qualitative phenomenological research design was employed to understand how pre-service teachers experienced, adapted to, and coped with technology integration in real classroom settings. The participants were five selected graduates of Sultan Kudarat State University–Lutayan Campus who completed their practice teaching during the Academic Year 2024–2025. Data were collected using a validated semi-structured interview guide and analyzed through thematic analysis. Findings revealed that pre-service teachers experienced professional growth as they integrated technology into their teaching. The use of interactive digital tools, including Quizizz and Kahoot!, supported more engaging, interactive, and student-centered classroom experiences. However, participants encountered challenges such as limited technological infrastructure, unstable internet connections, equipment malfunctions, and varying levels of student digital literacy. To address these challenges, pre-service teachers relied on mentorship, peer collaboration, online resources, backup plans, and alternative teaching strategies. These experiences strengthened their adaptability, problem-solving skills, resilience, and professional competence. The study concludes that technology-based pedagogy and interactive digital tools offer valuable opportunities for pre-service teachers to develop their instructional practices and professional competence, but effective implementation requires adequate technological resources, institutional support, and ongoing training.

این پژوهش به بررسی تجربه‌های زیسته‌ی دانشجومعلمان در طول تدریس عملی با استفاده از روش‌های تدریس مبتنی بر فناوری و ابزارهای دیجیتال تعاملی می‌پردازد. طرح پژوهش کیفی با رویکرد پدیدارشناسی به‌کار گرفته شد تا درک عمیقی از نحوه‌ی تجربه، سازگاری و مقابله‌ی دانشجومعلمان با ادغام فناوری در محیط‌های واقعی کلاس درس حاصل شود. مشارکت‌کنندگان شامل پنج نفر از فارغ‌التحصیلان منتخب دانشگاه دولتی سلطان کودارات–پردیس لوتایان بودند که دوره‌ی تدریس عملی خود را در سال تحصیلی ۲۰۲۴–۲۰۲۵ به پایان رساندند. داده‌ها با استفاده از راهنمای مصاحبه‌ی نیمه‌ساختاریافته‌ی اعتبارسنجی‌شده گردآوری و از طریق تحلیل تماتیک مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. یافته‌ها نشان داد که دانشجومعلمان با ادغام فناوری در تدریس خود، رشد حرفه‌ای را تجربه کردند. استفاده از ابزارهای دیجیتال تعاملی از جمله Quizizz و Kahoot! موجب ایجاد تجربه‌های کلاسی جذاب‌تر، تعاملی‌تر و دانش‌آموزمحور شد. با این حال، مشارکت‌کنندگان با چالش‌هایی مانند زیرساخت فناورانه‌ی محدود، اتصال ناپایدار اینترنت، خرابی تجهیزات و سطوح مختلف سواد دیجیتال دانش‌آموزان مواجه شدند. برای مقابله با این چالش‌ها، دانشجومعلمان از راهنمایی اساتید، همکاری با همتایان، منابع آنلاین، برنامه‌های جایگزین و راهبردهای تدریس جایگزین بهره گرفتند. این تجربه‌ها موجب تقویت سازگاری، مهارت‌های حل مسئله، تاب‌آوری و شایستگی حرفه‌ای آنان شد. نتیجه‌گیری پژوهش نشان می‌دهد که روش‌های تدریس مبتنی بر فناوری و ابزارهای دیجیتال تعاملی فرصت‌های ارزشمندی برای توسعه‌ی شیوه‌های آموزشی و شایستگی حرفه‌ای دانشجومعلمان فراهم می‌کند، اما اجرای مؤثر آن مستلزم منابع فناورانه‌ی کافی، حمایت نهادی و آموزش مستمر است.

1. Title Role of Indian Languages, Literature and Folk Traditions in Value Education 2. Author, Affiliation and Designation Author: Mr. Ganesh Shrirang Satarkar Designation: First-Year Master's Student Department: Department of Tourism and Hotel Management (DTHM), Hotel Management and Catering Technology Institution: Central University of Haryana Location: Haryana, India Email: ganeshnale0@gmail.com 3. Description / Abstract This research article examines the role of Indian languages, literature, and folk traditions in promoting and strengthening value education in contemporary Indian society. The author, Mr. Ganesh Shrirang Satarkar, a First-Year Master's Student in Hotel Management and Catering Technology, Department of Tourism and Hotel Management (DTHM), Central University of Haryana, Haryana, India, explores how linguistic diversity, literary traditions, oral narratives, folk songs, proverbs, traditional theatre, festivals, and indigenous cultural knowledge contribute to ethical awareness, personality development, cultural identity, and social responsibility. The study adopts a qualitative, descriptive, and analytical methodology based on secondary sources, including books, scholarly articles, educational policies, reports, and academic literature. It discusses the contributions of Indian languages and regional literature to empathy, critical thinking, equality, tolerance, cooperation, environmental responsibility, and social harmony. The article also considers the importance of integrating cultural heritage with contemporary educational practices and constitutional values. It emphasizes that educational institutions should preserve positive cultural traditions while critically addressing practices associated with discrimination, inequality, exclusion, and violations of human dignity. The study concludes that the meaningful integration of Indian languages, literature, and folk traditions into education can contribute to holistic development and the formation of ethical, responsible, culturally aware, and socially committed citizens. Articles..pdf 4. Keywords — Paragraph Value education, Indian languages, Indian literature, folk traditions, cultural heritage, indigenous knowledge, moral education, multilingualism, social values, holistic education, ethical awareness, cultural identity, oral traditions, regional literature, constitutional values, social harmony, environmental responsibility, inclusive education, traditional knowledge, personality development. 5. Subjects — Paragraph Education; Value Education; Indian Languages and Linguistics; Indian Literature; Folklore and Folk Traditions; Cultural Studies; Indigenous Knowledge Systems; Sociology of Education; Educational Philosophy; Moral and Ethical Education; Multilingual Education; Indian Cultural Heritage; Social and Cultural Anthropology; Constitutional Values and Citizenship Education; Environmental Education; Holistic Education; Social Harmony and Inclusion. 6. Publishing Information Details Field Details Journal title IIP: International Multidisciplinary Research Journal (IIPIMRJ) Publication type Online peer-reviewed / refereed research journal ISSN 3049-2734 (Online) Volume 03 Issue III Publication period July–September 2026 Publication date 15 September 2026 Manuscript received 1 September 2026 Manuscript accepted 10 September 2026 Page range 198–205 Article length 8 pages Impact factor stated in article GSRD-IF: 5.001 Copyright © 2026 The Author(s) Access type Open access Licence Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) Journal website https://iipublications.com/iipimrj/ Articles..pdf 7. Recommended Citation (APA Style) Satarkar, G. S. (2026). Role of Indian languages, literature and folk traditions in value education. IIP: International Multidisciplinary Research Journal (IIPIMRJ), 3(III), 198–205. 8. Additional Publication Metadata Language of publication: English Document type: Research article Research approach: Qualitative, descriptive, and analytical Research design: Conceptual study based on secondary sources Primary data collection: Not conducted Plagiarism report: The article reports a similarity index of 6 using Plagiarism Checker X, dated 9 September 2026. Copyright and reuse: The article states that it is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International licence, subject to proper attribution. Articles..pdf

این مقاله پژوهشی به بررسی نقش زبان‌ها، ادبیات و سنت‌های عامیانه هندی در ترویج و تقویت آموزش ارزش‌ها در جامعه معاصر هند می‌پردازد. نویسنده، Mr. Ganesh Shrirang Satarkar، دانشجوی سال اول کارشناسی ارشد مدیریت هتلداری و فناوری پذیرایی، گروه مدیریت گردشگری و هتلداری (DTHM)، دانشگاه مرکزی Haryana، هند، به بررسی این موضوع می‌پردازد که چگونه تنوع زبانی، سنت‌های ادبی، روایت‌های شفاهی، ترانه‌های عامیانه، ضرب‌المثل‌ها، تئاتر سنتی، جشنواره‌ها و دانش فرهنگی بومی به آگاهی اخلاقی، رشد شخصیت، هویت فرهنگی و مسئولیت اجتماعی کمک می‌کنند. این مطالعه با رویکرد کیفی، توصیفی و تحلیلی و مبتنی بر منابع ثانویه از جمله کتاب‌ها، مقالات علمی، سیاست‌های آموزشی، گزارش‌ها و متون دانشگاهی انجام شده است. در این مقاله به نقش زبان‌ها و ادبیات منطقه‌ای هند در تقویت همدلی، تفکر انتقادی، برابری، مدارا، همکاری، مسئولیت‌پذیری زیست‌محیطی و همبستگی اجتماعی پرداخته می‌شود. همچنین اهمیت ادغام میراث فرهنگی با شیوه‌های آموزشی معاصر و ارزش‌های قانون اساسی مورد توجه قرار گرفته است. مقاله تأکید می‌کند که نهادهای آموزشی باید سنت‌های مثبت فرهنگی را حفظ کرده و همزمان به صورت انتقادی با رویه‌های مرتبط با تبعیض، نابرابری، طرد و نقض کرامت انسانی برخورد کنند. نتیجه‌گیری پژوهش بیان می‌کند که ادغام معنادار زبان‌ها، ادبیات و سنت‌های عامیانه هندی در آموزش می‌تواند به توسعه همه‌جانبه و شکل‌گیری شهروندانی اخلاق‌مدار، مسئول، آگاه به فرهنگ و متعهد به اجتماع کمک کند.

Abstract The Baka people, an indigenous forest community in Cameroon's East Region, hold a distinct body of social practices, ecological knowledge, and cultural values shaped by their historical relationship with the forest environment. This study examines the influence of social practices of the Baka people on the implementation of the geography curriculum in schools within the East Region of Cameroon. The study adopted a mixed-methods research design, combining quantitative and qualitative approaches. The target population comprised of Geography teachers and students especially Baka students enrolled in secondary schools in selected Baka community of the East region in the study area. Two instruments were used to collect data which were questionnaires and interview guides. Quantitative data obtained from the questionnaires were coded and analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Descriptive statistics included frequencies, percentages, means and standard deviations. These statistics were used to describe the prevalence of particular Baka social practices and participants' perceptions of their influence on Geography curriculum implementation. Inferential analysis was used to examine relationships between selected dimensions of Baka social practices and indicators of curriculum implementation. The findings indicate that Baka social practices have significant implications for curriculum implementation, although their influence should not be understood exclusively in negative terms. Baka livelihood practices, language, cultural values, traditional learning processes and Indigenous environmental knowledge interact with formal schooling in complex ways. Some practices may contribute to irregular attendance or difficulties in adapting to conventional classroom routines, while others provide valuable knowledge and experiences that can enrich Geography education. The study contributes to broader debates on curriculum relevance, indigenous knowledge integration, and educational equity for marginalized populations in Cameroon, and offers recommendations for curriculum policy and teacher training that better reflect the sociocultural realities of indigenous learners. Based on the findings, the researcher recommends that Geography teachers should incorporate local examples into classroom instruction. Lessons on ecosystems, natural resources, agriculture, environmental conservation, settlement and human–environment relationships should make use of geographical features and activities familiar to Baka learners. Teacher-training institutions should strengthen preparation in culturally responsive pedagogy. Curriculum developers should provide greater flexibility for the inclusion of Indigenous and local knowledge. schools should make greater use of experiential learning. Keywords Baka people, social practices, curriculum implementation, geography education, indigenous knowledge, East Region Cameroon

چکیده مردم Baka، جامعه‌ای بومی و جنگل‌نشین در منطقه شرق کامرون، دارای مجموعه‌ای متمایز از کنش‌های اجتماعی، دانش بوم‌شناختی و ارزش‌های فرهنگی هستند که توسط رابطه تاریخی آن‌ها با محیط جنگل شکل گرفته است. این پژوهش به بررسی تأثیر کنش‌های اجتماعی مردم Baka بر اجرای برنامهٔ درسی جغرافیا در مدارس منطقه شرق کامرون می‌پردازد. این مطالعه از طرح پژوهش آمیخته، با ترکیب رویکردهای کمی و کیفی، بهره گرفته است. جامعه هدف شامل دبیران جغرافیا و دانش‌آموزان، به ویژه دانش‌آموزان Baka ثبت‌نام‌شده در مدارس متوسطه منتخب جامعه Baka در منطقه مورد مطالعه بوده است. برای گردآوری داده‌ها از دو ابزار پرسشنامه و راهنمای مصاحبه استفاده شد. داده‌های کمی به‌دست‌آمده از پرسشنامه‌ها کدگذاری و با استفاده از آمار توصیفی و استنباطی تحلیل شدند. آمار توصیفی شامل فراوانی، درصد، میانگین و انحراف معیار بود. این آمار برای توصیف شیوع کنش‌های اجتماعی خاص Baka و ادراک شرکت‌کنندگان از تأثیر آن‌ها بر اجرای برنامهٔ درسی جغرافیا به‌کار رفت. تحلیل استنباطی برای بررسی روابط میان ابعاد منتخب کنش‌های اجتماعی Baka و شاخص‌های اجرای برنامهٔ درسی استفاده شد. یافته‌ها نشان می‌دهد که کنش‌های اجتماعی Baka پیامدهای معناداری برای اجرای برنامهٔ درسی دارند، هرچند تأثیر آن‌ها نباید صرفاً منفی تلقی شود. شیوه‌های معیشتی، زبان، ارزش‌های فرهنگی، فرایندهای یادگیری سنتی و دانش بومی محیط‌زیستی Baka به‌شیوه‌هایی پیچیده با آموزش رسمی تعامل دارند. برخی از این کنش‌ها ممکن است به حضور نامنظم یا دشواری در سازگاری با روال‌های کلاسیک منجر شود، در حالی که برخی دیگر دانش و تجربیات ارزشمندی را فراهم می‌کنند که می‌تواند آموزش جغرافیا را غنی سازد. این پژوهش به مباحث گسترده‌تر دربارهٔ ارتباط برنامهٔ درسی، ادغام دانش بومی و عدالت آموزشی برای جمعیت‌های به‌حاشیه‌رانده‌شده در کامرون کمک می‌کند و پیشنهادهایی برای سیاست‌گذاری برنامهٔ درسی و آموزش معلمان ارائه می‌دهد که بازتاب‌دهنده واقعیت‌های اجتماعی‌فرهنگی فراگیران بومی باشد. بر اساس یافته‌ها، پژوهشگر توصیه می‌کند که دبیران جغرافیا نمونه‌های محلی را در آموزش کلاس درس بگنجانند. درس‌هایی دربارهٔ اکوسیستم‌ها، منابع طبیعی، کشاورزی، حفاظت محیط‌زیست، سکونتگاه و روابط انسان و محیط باید از ویژگی‌ها و فعالیت‌های جغرافیایی آشنا برای فراگیران Baka بهره گیرند. مؤسسات تربیت معلم باید آمادگی در زمینهٔ آموزش پاسخگو به فرهنگ را تقویت کنند. تدوین‌کنندگان برنامهٔ درسی باید انعطاف‌پذیری بیشتری برای گنجاندن دانش بومی و محلی فراهم آورند. مدارس باید از یادگیری تجربی بیشتر بهره ببرند.

The competence of teachers plays a significant role in determining the quality of education. The SEAMEO INNOTECH Regional Education Program (SIREP) sets the teaching competence standards in Southeast Asia. Likewise, in the Philippines, the Philippine Professional Standards for Teachers (PPST) are commonly used throughout the country to evaluate the competency levels of teachers. In this context, this study examined the performance of science teachers concerning these two sets of standards. The Descriptive Research Design was employed. The researcher utilized total enumeration as a sampling method, which comprised 30 junior high school science teachers for the academic year 2022-2023. The research instruments used were adopted from the SIREP standards and a survey questionnaire. Findings revealed that the respondents demonstrated outstanding performance in the PPST-RPMS and were rated "very much competent" in the SIREP standards. However, statistical analysis revealed no significant relationship between the Key Result Areas (KRAs) of the RPMS and the SIREP standards. These two sets of standards operate independently, and improvements in one may not necessarily lead to improvements in the other. The researcher proposed a program that will sustain the competence levels of science teachers. This program aims to address both sets of standards individually, promote continuous learning, and ensure that the teachers will continue to meet the benchmark set for education.

شایستگی معلمان نقش مهمی در تعیین کیفیت آموزش ایفا می‌کند. برنامه آموزش منطقه‌ای SEAMEO INNOTECH (SIREP) استانداردهای شایستگی تدریس را در جنوب شرق آسیا تعیین می‌کند. به همین ترتیب، در فیلیپین، استانداردهای حرفه‌ای معلمان فیلیپین (PPST) به طور گسترده‌ای در سراسر کشور برای ارزیابی سطوح شایستگی معلمان مورد استفاده قرار می‌گیرد. در این زمینه، این پژوهش عملکرد معلمان علوم را با توجه به این دو مجموعه استاندارد مورد بررسی قرار داد. طرح پژوهش توصیفی به کار گرفته شد. پژوهشگر از روش سرشماری کامل به عنوان روش نمونه‌گیری استفاده کرد که شامل ۳۰ معلم علوم دوره متوسطه اول در سال تحصیلی ۲۰۲۲-۲۰۲۳ بود. ابزارهای پژوهش برگرفته از استانداردهای SIREP و یک پرسشنامه پیمایشی بودند. یافته‌ها نشان داد که پاسخ‌دهندگان در PPST-RPMS عملکرد برجسته‌ای از خود نشان دادند و در استانداردهای SIREP نیز به عنوان «بسیار شایسته» ارزیابی شدند. با این حال، تحلیل آماری نشان داد که بین حوزه‌های کلیدی نتایج (KRAs) در RPMS و استانداردهای SIREP رابطه معناداری وجود ندارد. این دو مجموعه استاندارد به طور مستقل عمل می‌کنند و بهبود در یکی لزوماً منجر به بهبود در دیگری نمی‌شود. پژوهشگر برنامه‌ای را پیشنهاد کرد که سطح شایستگی معلمان علوم را حفظ کند. هدف این برنامه، پرداختن به هر دو مجموعه استاندارد به طور جداگانه، ترویج یادگیری مستمر و اطمینان از تداوم تحقق معیارهای تعیین‌شده برای آموزش است.

This study examined the effectiveness of Outcomes-Based Education (OBE) in teaching Grade 8 English and provided a basis for crafting an instructional guide during the academic year 2014–2015. Specifically, it described OBE in terms of objectives, approaches, content, and evaluation; assessed the extent to which these areas were attained and developed; identified instructional activities; and examined their perceived contributions to learners’ competencies. A descriptive research design was employed involving 20 permanent secondary English teachers with at least three years of experience from Cluster/North III, Caloocan City, selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected through questionnaires, supplemented by informal interviews and documentary analysis, and analyzed using frequency, percentage, weighted mean, and ranking. Findings indicated that the four areas of OBE were attained and developed to a high extent. The approach emphasized shared responsibility for learning, student-centered activities, alignment of intended learning outcomes with teaching activities and assessment tasks, and criteria-based evaluation. Teachers identified visual aids, rewards, drills, training, classroom assessments, and challenging learning tasks among the activities supporting implementation. Respondents perceived OBE activities as contributing to communication, critical thinking, creative thinking, and other Grade 8 English learning competencies. The study concluded that OBE practices addressed the identified instructional areas and contributed to improved learning competencies. Based on these findings, an instructional guide was developed to enhance OBE implementation. The study recommended clearer learning outcomes, high expectations, varied opportunities to demonstrate learning, teacher training, administrative support, and improved instructional resources to strengthen classroom instruction and support effective learning.

این پژوهش اثربخشی آموزش مبتنی بر نتایج (OBE) را در تدریس زبان انگلیسی پایه هشتم مورد بررسی قرار داد و مبنایی برای تدوین یک راهنمای آموزشی در سال تحصیلی ۲۰۱۴–۲۰۱۵ فراهم آورد. به طور خاص، OBE از نظر اهداف، رویکردها، محتوا و ارزشیابی توصیف شد؛ میزان تحقق و توسعه این حوزه‌ها ارزیابی گردید؛ فعالیت‌های آموزشی شناسایی شد؛ و نقش ادراک‌شده آن‌ها در ارتقای شایستگی‌های یادگیرندگان بررسی گردید. این پژوهش با طرح توصیفی و با مشارکت ۲۰ معلم رسمی زبان انگلیسی متوسطه با حداقل سه سال سابقه از منطقه Cluster/North III شهر Caloocan که به روش نمونه‌گیری هدفمند انتخاب شدند، انجام شد. داده‌ها از طریق پرسشنامه، مصاحبه‌های غیررسمی و تحلیل اسناد گردآوری و با استفاده از فراوانی، درصد، میانگین وزنی و رتبه‌بندی تحلیل شد. یافته‌ها نشان داد که چهار حوزه OBE در سطح بالایی تحقق یافته و توسعه یافته‌اند. رویکرد مورد نظر بر مسئولیت مشترک در یادگیری، فعالیت‌های دانش‌آموزمحور، همسویی اهداف یادگیری مورد انتظار با فعالیت‌های آموزشی و وظایف ارزشیابی و ارزشیابی مبتنی بر معیار تأکید داشت. معلمان، وسایل بصری، پاداش‌ها، تمرین‌ها، آموزش‌ها، ارزشیابی‌های کلاسی و تکالیف یادگیری چالش‌برانگیز را از جمله فعالیت‌های مؤثر در اجرای OBE شناسایی کردند. پاسخ‌دهندگان فعالیت‌های OBE را در ارتقای شایستگی‌های ارتباطی، تفکر انتقادی، تفکر خلاق و سایر شایستگی‌های یادگیری زبان انگلیسی پایه هشتم مؤثر دانستند. نتیجه‌گیری پژوهش نشان داد که شیوه‌های OBE به حوزه‌های آموزشی شناسایی‌شده پاسخ داده و به بهبود شایستگی‌های یادگیری کمک کرده‌اند. بر اساس این یافته‌ها، یک راهنمای آموزشی برای ارتقای اجرای OBE تدوین شد. پژوهش پیشنهاد کرد که برای تقویت آموزش کلاسی و حمایت از یادگیری مؤثر، اهداف یادگیری شفاف‌تر، انتظارات بالا، فرصت‌های متنوع برای نشان دادن یادگیری، آموزش معلمان، حمایت اداری و منابع آموزشی بهبود یافته فراهم شود.

This study describes the implementation of the Ummi method in improving students’ Qur’an-reading skills at MI Plus Al-Hamid Banjarmasin and identifies the factors that support or hinder its implementation. It uses a qualitative field-research design, drawing on observation, interviews, and documentation as reported in the underlying thesis. The findings indicate that instruction follows seven stages: opening, apperception or muroja’ah, concept introduction, concept understanding, skills practice, evaluation, and closing. Teachers use Ummi books and visual teaching aids, model correct recitation, provide repeated practice, listen to students individually, and record progress. The process is associated in the reported field findings with better fluency, more careful recitation, increased confidence, and learning discipline, although the study does not provide standardized pre- and post-test scores from which a numerical effect can be calculated. Supporting factors include trained teachers, an integrated learning system, learning resources, student motivation, peer encouragement, and parental support. The main constraints are differences in students’ initial abilities and student absence. The study’s contribution is a context-specific account of how standardized instructional stages, formative correction, and school–family cooperation work together in an Islamic elementary-school setting

این پژوهش به توصیف اجرای روش اُمّی در بهبود مهارت‌های قرائت قرآن دانش‌آموزان در مدرسه MI Plus Al-Hamid Banjarmasin می‌پردازد و عوامل مؤثر یا بازدارنده در اجرای آن را شناسایی می‌کند. این مطالعه با رویکرد کیفی و مبتنی بر پژوهش میدانی انجام شده و از مشاهده، مصاحبه و اسناد، مطابق با گزارش پایان‌نامه مربوطه، بهره گرفته است. یافته‌ها نشان می‌دهد که آموزش بر اساس هفت مرحله شامل: آغاز، ادراک یا مُراجعه، معرفی مفهوم، درک مفهوم، تمرین مهارتی، ارزشیابی و پایان‌بندی صورت می‌گیرد. معلمان از کتاب‌های اُمّی و وسایل کمک‌آموزشی بصری استفاده می‌کنند، قرائت صحیح را الگو قرار می‌دهند، تمرین‌های تکراری ارائه می‌دهند، به صورت فردی به قرائت دانش‌آموزان گوش می‌دهند و پیشرفت آن‌ها را ثبت می‌کنند. بر اساس یافته‌های میدانی گزارش‌شده، این فرایند با روان‌خوانی بهتر، دقت بیشتر در قرائت، افزایش اعتماد به نفس و انضباط یادگیری همراه است، هرچند مطالعه حاضر نمرات استاندارد پیش‌آزمون و پس‌آزمون جهت محاسبه اثر عددی ارائه نمی‌دهد. عوامل حمایتی شامل معلمان آموزش‌دیده، نظام یادگیری یکپارچه، منابع یادگیری، انگیزه دانش‌آموزان، تشویق همسالان و حمایت والدین است. مهم‌ترین محدودیت‌ها تفاوت در توانایی اولیه دانش‌آموزان و غیبت آن‌ها می‌باشد. سهم این پژوهش ارائه گزارشی زمینه‌محور از نحوه تعامل مراحل استاندارد آموزش، اصلاحات تکوینی و همکاری مدرسه و خانواده در محیط مدرسه ابتدایی اسلامی است.

This study examines how educational supervision and educational evaluation can be integrated to improve the quality of Islamic educational institutions at the madrasah tsanawiyah (MTs) level in Samarinda. The problem addressed is that supervision and evaluation are often discussed and managed as separate routines, so supervision findings rarely serve as evidence for institutional quality decisions. The study aims to explain the relationship between the two, to formulate an integration model, and to identify supporting and inhibiting factors. It employed a qualitative library research design. Data were drawn from scientific articles published between 2021 and 2026, a government regulation on national education standards, and a local study conducted at an MTs in Samarinda, and were analyzed through data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing with source triangulation. The results show that supervision supplies process evidence, while evaluation turns that evidence into quality decisions. Integration is best designed as a five-stage cycle: quality mapping, supervision planning, supervision implementation, evaluation of results and impacts, and follow-up coaching. An illustrative application shows that a small MTs can run this cycle through a quality team, a shared instrument, and a collaborative coaching approach. Leadership, quality culture, time management, and documentation of follow-up determine its success. The model is conceptual and requires empirical testing in further field research.

این مطالعه به بررسی چگونگی ادغام نظارت آموزشی و ارزیابی آموزشی به منظور ارتقای کیفیت مؤسسات آموزش اسلامی در سطح مدرسه متوسطه اول (مدرسه تسناویّه، MTs) در شهر ساماریندا می‌پردازد. مسئله مورد بررسی این است که نظارت و ارزیابی غالباً به عنوان فعالیت‌هایی جداگانه مورد بحث و مدیریت قرار می‌گیرند، به‌گونه‌ای که یافته‌های نظارت به ندرت به عنوان شواهدی برای تصمیم‌گیری‌های مرتبط با کیفیت مؤسسه مورد استفاده قرار می‌گیرند. هدف پژوهش، تبیین رابطه میان این دو، تدوین یک مدل ادغام و شناسایی عوامل تسهیل‌کننده و بازدارنده است. این پژوهش با رویکرد کیفی و روش مطالعه کتابخانه‌ای انجام شده است. داده‌ها از مقالات علمی منتشرشده بین سال‌های 2021 تا 2026، یک مقرره دولتی درباره استانداردهای ملی آموزش و یک مطالعه محلی انجام‌شده در یک مدرسه MTs در ساماریندا گردآوری و از طریق کاهش داده‌ها، نمایش داده‌ها و نتیجه‌گیری با استفاده از مثلث‌سازی منابع تحلیل شده‌اند. نتایج نشان می‌دهد که نظارت شواهد فرایندی را فراهم می‌کند، در حالی که ارزیابی این شواهد را به تصمیمات مرتبط با کیفیت تبدیل می‌کند. ادغام به بهترین نحو به صورت یک چرخه پنج‌مرحله‌ای طراحی می‌شود: نقشه‌برداری کیفیت، برنامه‌ریزی نظارت، اجرای نظارت، ارزیابی نتایج و پیامدها و پیگیری و هدایت بعدی. یک کاربرد نمونه نشان می‌دهد که یک مدرسه MTs کوچک می‌تواند این چرخه را از طریق یک تیم کیفیت، ابزار مشترک و رویکرد هدایت مشارکتی اجرا کند. رهبری، فرهنگ کیفیت، مدیریت زمان و مستندسازی پیگیری‌ها موفقیت این مدل را تعیین می‌کنند. این مدل مفهومی است و نیازمند آزمون تجربی در پژوهش‌های میدانی بعدی می‌باشد.

Digital technology has reshaped how students learn, access information, and communicate. Alongside these benefits, it raises ethical concerns such as misinformation, plagiarism, and technology misuse. Integrating knowledge, faith, and good deeds is therefore needed to nurture students who are intellectually capable, spiritually aware, and morally grounded. This study explores the concepts of knowledge, faith, and good deeds and how they relate to one another from an Islamic perspective, as well as their relevance to student character building in the digital era. Using a descriptive qualitative library research design, the study reviews pertinent Qur'anic verses and scholarly journal articles on Islamic education, character development, and digital ethics. The results show that knowledge supplies intellectual understanding, faith provides the basis of moral values, and good deeds put knowledge and faith into practice in daily life. Together, these elements offer a conceptual basis for academic honesty, critical thinking, social responsibility, and ethical use of technology. In conclusion, building student character calls for a balance among intellectual competence, spiritual values, and consistent moral conduct so that students can meet digital-era challenges responsibly.

فناوری دیجیتال شیوه‌های یادگیری، دسترسی به اطلاعات و ارتباط دانشجویان را دگرگون کرده است. در کنار این مزایا، نگرانی‌های اخلاقی همچون اطلاعات نادرست، سرقت علمی و سوءاستفاده از فناوری نیز مطرح می‌شود. بنابراین، ادغام علم، ایمان و عمل صالح برای پرورش دانشجویانی که از لحاظ فکری توانمند، از نظر معنوی آگاه و از لحاظ اخلاقی پایبند هستند، ضروری است. این پژوهش به بررسی مفاهیم علم، ایمان و عمل صالح و نحوه ارتباط آن‌ها با یکدیگر از منظر اسلامی و همچنین اهمیت آن‌ها در شکل‌گیری شخصیت دانشجویان در عصر دیجیتال می‌پردازد. با استفاده از روش پژوهش کیفی توصیفی از نوع کتابخانه‌ای، آیات مرتبط قرآن کریم و مقالات علمی درباره آموزش اسلامی، رشد شخصیت و اخلاق دیجیتال مورد بررسی قرار گرفته‌اند. نتایج نشان می‌دهد که علم، فهم و درک فکری را فراهم می‌کند، ایمان مبنای ارزش‌های اخلاقی را شکل می‌دهد و عمل صالح، علم و ایمان را در زندگی روزمره به اجرا درمی‌آورد. این عناصر در کنار یکدیگر، مبنایی مفهومی برای صداقت علمی، تفکر انتقادی، مسئولیت اجتماعی و استفاده اخلاقی از فناوری ارائه می‌کنند. در نتیجه، شکل‌گیری شخصیت دانشجویان مستلزم تعادل میان شایستگی فکری، ارزش‌های معنوی و رفتار اخلاقی مستمر است تا دانشجویان بتوانند با مسئولیت‌پذیری با چالش‌های عصر دیجیتال مواجه شوند.

This classroom action research aimed to improve student activeness through the implementation of the Station Learning strategy in class V.C of SDN 238 Palembang. The study used the Kemmis and Mc Taggart action research design, conducted in two cycles involving 28 students as research subjects. Data were collected using an observation sheet covering six indicators of student activeness, namely visual, questioning, opinion-giving, writing/motoric, cooperation, and mental-emotional engagement. The pre-cycle observation showed an average activeness score of 58.48 percent, categorized as Fairly Active. After the implementation of Station Learning in the first cycle, the average increased to 63.69 percent, and in the second cycle it reached 71.58 percent with a classical mastery level of 96.43 percent, meaning that 27 of the 28 students were categorized as Active or Very Active. These findings indicate that Station Learning, which organizes students into visual, auditory, and kinesthetic learning stations according to their learning style tendencies, is effective in increasing student engagement across all indicators of activeness. The study concludes that Station Learning is an effective strategy for enhancing elementary students' learning activeness and recommends its continued and consistent use, with particular attention to strengthening the questioning and cooperation indicators.

این پژوهش اقدام‌پژوهی کلاسی با هدف ارتقاء فعالیت دانش‌آموزان از طریق اجرای راهبرد یادگیری ایستگاهی در کلاس پنجم‌جیم دبستان ۲۳۸ پالمبانگ انجام شد. این مطالعه از طرح پژوهش اقدام‌پژوهی کمیس و مک‌تاگارت استفاده کرد و در دو چرخه با مشارکت ۲۸ دانش‌آموز به عنوان آزمودنی انجام گرفت. داده‌ها با استفاده از برگه مشاهده شامل شش شاخص فعالیت دانش‌آموزان، یعنی بصری، پرسشگری، اظهار نظر، نوشتاری/حرکتی، همکاری و درگیری ذهنی-هیجانی گردآوری شد. مشاهده پیش‌چرخه میانگین نمره فعالیت را ۵۸/۴۸ درصد نشان داد که در دسته نسبتاً فعال قرار گرفت. پس از اجرای یادگیری ایستگاهی در چرخه اول، میانگین به ۶۳/۶۹ درصد افزایش یافت و در چرخه دوم به ۷۱/۵۸ درصد با سطح تسلط کلاسیک ۹۶/۴۳ درصد رسید، به این معنا که ۲۷ نفر از ۲۸ دانش‌آموز در دسته فعال یا بسیار فعال قرار گرفتند. این یافته‌ها نشان می‌دهد که یادگیری ایستگاهی، که دانش‌آموزان را بر اساس گرایش‌های سبک یادگیری‌شان به ایستگاه‌های بصری، شنیداری و جنبشی سازمان‌دهی می‌کند، در افزایش مشارکت دانش‌آموزان در تمامی شاخص‌های فعالیت مؤثر است. پژوهش نتیجه می‌گیرد که یادگیری ایستگاهی راهبردی مؤثر برای ارتقاء فعالیت یادگیری دانش‌آموزان ابتدایی است و استفاده مستمر و منظم از آن با توجه ویژه به تقویت شاخص‌های پرسشگری و همکاری توصیه می‌شود.

Teacher performance is a crucial factor in improving educational quality and is influenced by various individual and organizational factors. This study aims to analyze the effects of work–life balance, workload, and compensation on teacher performance at SMKN 1 Batu, as well as to examine the mediating role of compensation in these relationships. The study employed a quantitative approach using an associative research design. The sample consisted of 52 civil servant (ASN) and government contract (PPPK) teachers selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling–Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS). The findings indicate that work–life balance has a positive and significant effect on teacher performance, whereas workload has a negative and significant effect on teacher performance. Compensation also exerts a positive and significant influence on teacher performance. Furthermore, compensation significantly mediates the relationships between work–life balance and teacher performance as well as between workload and teacher performance. These findings suggest that maintaining a healthy work–life balance and managing workload proportionally can enhance teacher performance when supported by adequate compensation. The study highlights the importance of human resource management policies in schools that prioritize teacher well-being, balanced workload distribution, and fair and sustainable compensation systems to improve teacher performance and overall educational quality.

عملکرد معلمان عامل مهمی در ارتقای کیفیت آموزش است و تحت تأثیر عوامل فردی و سازمانی مختلف قرار می‌گیرد. هدف این پژوهش، تحلیل تأثیر تعادل کار و زندگی، بار کاری و جبران خدمت بر عملکرد معلمان در دبیرستان فنی حرفه‌ای SMKN 1 Batu و همچنین بررسی نقش میانجی جبران خدمت در این روابط است. این مطالعه با رویکرد کمی و طرح پژوهش همبستگی انجام شده است. نمونه شامل ۵۲ معلم رسمی (ASN) و قراردادی دولت (PPPK) بود که به روش نمونه‌گیری هدفمند انتخاب شدند. داده‌ها با استفاده از پرسشنامه ساختاریافته جمع‌آوری و با روش مدل‌سازی معادلات ساختاری–کمترین مربعات جزئی (SEM-PLS) تحلیل شدند. یافته‌ها نشان داد که تعادل کار و زندگی تأثیر مثبت و معناداری بر عملکرد معلمان دارد، در حالی که بار کاری تأثیر منفی و معناداری بر عملکرد معلمان دارد. جبران خدمت نیز تأثیر مثبت و معناداری بر عملکرد معلمان دارد. علاوه بر این، جبران خدمت نقش میانجی معناداری در روابط بین تعادل کار و زندگی و عملکرد معلمان و همچنین بین بار کاری و عملکرد معلمان ایفا می‌کند. این یافته‌ها نشان می‌دهد که حفظ تعادل سالم بین کار و زندگی و مدیریت متناسب بار کاری، در صورت حمایت با جبران خدمت کافی، می‌تواند عملکرد معلمان را ارتقا دهد. این پژوهش بر اهمیت سیاست‌های مدیریت منابع انسانی در مدارس که به بهزیستی معلمان، توزیع متعادل بار کاری و نظام‌های جبران خدمت عادلانه و پایدار اولویت می‌دهند، برای بهبود عملکرد معلمان و کیفیت کلی آموزش تأکید می‌کند.

Improving teacher performance is a fundamental aspect of achieving high-quality education, as it contributes significantly to the effectiveness of the teaching and learning process and the successful attainment of students' competencies. This study aims to examine the effects of school principals' democratic leadership and teachers' work ethic on teacher performance by considering school culture as a mediating variable. The study employed a quantitative approach using an explanatory research design involving all 52 teachers at SMKN 1 Batu, who were selected through the total sampling technique. Data were collected using a five-point Likert scale questionnaire and analyzed through Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) using SmartPLS software. The findings reveal that school principals' democratic leadership has a positive and significant effect on both school culture and teacher performance. Similarly, teachers' work ethic has a positive and significant influence on school culture and teacher performance. Furthermore, school culture positively affects teacher performance and serves as a significant mediating variable in the relationships between democratic leadership, teachers' work ethic, and teacher performance. These findings indicate that improving teacher performance requires participative leadership, a strong work ethic, and a supportive school culture. The study provides practical implications for school administrators in designing strategies to improve educational quality through strengthening democratic leadership, enhancing teachers' work ethic, and fostering a sustainable school culture. Keywords: democratic leadership, teacher work ethic, school culture, teacher performance.

ارتقای عملکرد معلمان یکی از جنبه‌های اساسی دستیابی به آموزش با کیفیت بالا است، چرا که نقش بسزایی در اثربخشی فرایند تدریس و یادگیری و موفقیت در کسب شایستگی‌های دانش‌آموزان ایفا می‌کند. هدف این پژوهش بررسی تأثیر رهبری دموکراتیک مدیران مدرسه و اخلاق کاری معلمان بر عملکرد معلمان با در نظر گرفتن فرهنگ مدرسه به‌عنوان متغیر میانجی است. این مطالعه با رویکرد کمی و با استفاده از طرح پژوهش تبیینی انجام شده است و تمامی ۵۲ معلم SMKN 1 Batu که از طریق روش نمونه‌گیری کل انتخاب شدند، در آن شرکت داشتند. داده‌ها با استفاده از پرسشنامه لیکرت پنج‌درجه‌ای گردآوری و از طریق مدل‌سازی معادلات ساختاری حداقل مربعات جزئی (PLS-SEM) با استفاده از نرم‌افزار SmartPLS تحلیل شدند. یافته‌ها نشان می‌دهد که رهبری دموکراتیک مدیران مدرسه تأثیر مثبت و معناداری بر فرهنگ مدرسه و عملکرد معلمان دارد. همچنین، اخلاق کاری معلمان تأثیر مثبت و معناداری بر فرهنگ مدرسه و عملکرد معلمان دارد. افزون بر این، فرهنگ مدرسه تأثیر مثبت بر عملکرد معلمان داشته و به‌عنوان متغیر میانجی معنادار در روابط بین رهبری دموکراتیک، اخلاق کاری معلمان و عملکرد معلمان ایفای نقش می‌کند. این یافته‌ها نشان می‌دهد که ارتقای عملکرد معلمان مستلزم رهبری مشارکتی، اخلاق کاری قوی و فرهنگ مدرسه حمایت‌کننده است. این پژوهش پیامدهای عملی برای مدیران مدارس در طراحی راهبردهایی جهت بهبود کیفیت آموزشی از طریق تقویت رهبری دموکراتیک، ارتقای اخلاق کاری معلمان و پرورش فرهنگ مدرسه پایدار ارائه می‌دهد.

This study aims to determine and analyze the influence of study habits, emotional intelligence, learning readiness, parental roles, and perceptions of teachers' teaching creativity on the learning outcomes of Grade X students in Economics at SMA Negeri 15 Padang. The study employs a quantitative approach with an associative research design. The population consists of all 357 Grade X students taking Economics during the 2024/2025 academic year, with a sample size of 115 students. Data were collected through observation, questionnaires, and documentation. Data analysis involved descriptive and inductive methods, specifically multiple linear regression using SPSS. The results indicate that study habits fall into the "fairly good" category; emotional intelligence is "good"; learning readiness is "fairly good"; parental roles are "good"; and perceptions of teachers' teaching creativity are "fairly good." Individually (partially), study habits have a significant influence on learning outcomes (significance value 0.040 < 0.05). Meanwhile, emotional intelligence (0.211), learning readiness (0.114), parental roles (0.629), and perceptions of teachers' teaching creativity (0.591) do not have a significant partial influence on learning outcomes.

هدف این پژوهش تعیین و تحلیل تأثیر عادات مطالعه، هوش هیجانی، آمادگی برای یادگیری، نقش والدین و ادراک نسبت به خلاقیت تدریس معلمان بر نتایج یادگیری دانش‌آموزان پایه دهم در درس اقتصاد در دبیرستان دولتی شماره ۱۵ پادانگ است. این پژوهش با رویکرد کمی و طرح پژوهش همبستگی انجام شده است. جامعه آماری شامل تمامی ۳۵۷ دانش‌آموز پایه دهم است که در سال تحصیلی ۲۰۲۴/۲۰۲۵ درس اقتصاد را اخذ کرده‌اند و حجم نمونه ۱۱۵ نفر می‌باشد. داده‌ها از طریق مشاهده، پرسشنامه و اسناد گردآوری شده‌اند. تحلیل داده‌ها با روش‌های توصیفی و استقرایی، به‌ویژه رگرسیون خطی چندگانه با استفاده از نرم‌افزار SPSS انجام شده است. نتایج نشان می‌دهد که عادات مطالعه در دسته «نسبتاً خوب»، هوش هیجانی «خوب»، آمادگی برای یادگیری «نسبتاً خوب»، نقش والدین «خوب» و ادراک نسبت به خلاقیت تدریس معلمان «نسبتاً خوب» قرار دارند. به صورت فردی (جزئی)، عادات مطالعه تأثیر معناداری بر نتایج یادگیری دارد (مقدار معناداری ۰٫۰۴۰ < ۰٫۰۵). در حالی که هوش هیجانی (۰٫۲۱۱)، آمادگی برای یادگیری (۰٫۱۱۴)، نقش والدین (۰٫۶۲۹) و ادراک نسبت به خلاقیت تدریس معلمان (۰٫۵۹۱) تأثیر معنادار جزئی بر نتایج یادگیری ندارند.

This study aims to analyze the relationships of visionary leadership, emotional intelligence, and self-efficacy with teachers’ work discipline in private Islamic elementary schools in Pagedangan District. The study employed a quantitative approach using a survey method and an associative research design. The sample consisted of 100 respondents selected through stratified random sampling. Data were collected using questionnaires and analyzed through descriptive and inferential statistics with the assistance of SPSS software. Hypothesis testing employed Pearson correlation to examine the relationship between each independent variable and work discipline, as well as multiple correlation to assess their simultaneous relationship. The results showed that visionary leadership had a very weak, positive, and statistically insignificant relationship with work discipline, with a correlation coefficient of 0.053 and a significance value of 0.601. Emotional intelligence demonstrated a positive and significant relationship with work discipline, with a correlation coefficient of 0.242 and a significance value of 0.015. Self-efficacy also had a positive and significant relationship with work discipline, with a correlation coefficient of 0.348 and a significance value of 0.000. Simultaneously, visionary leadership, emotional intelligence, and self-efficacy had a positive and significant relationship with work discipline, with a multiple correlation coefficient of 0.381, a significance value of 0.002, and a coefficient of determination of 0.145. These findings indicate that the three variables were jointly associated with 14.5% of the variation in teachers’ work discipline, while the remaining 85.5% was associated with other factors outside the research model. In conclusion, emotional intelligence and self-efficacy had positive and significant partial relationships with teachers’ work discipline, whereas visionary leadership did not demonstrate a statistically significant partial relationship. These findings are expected to inform efforts to improve teachers’ work discipline through the development of emotional intelligence, self-efficacy, and effective educational management

هدف این پژوهش تحلیل روابط رهبری آینده‌نگر، هوش هیجانی و خودکارآمدی با انضباط کاری معلمان در مدارس ابتدایی اسلامی غیردولتی منطقه پاگدانگان است. این پژوهش با رویکرد کمی و با استفاده از روش پیمایشی و طرح پژوهش همبستگی انجام شده است. نمونه شامل ۱۰۰ نفر از پاسخ‌دهندگان بود که با روش نمونه‌گیری تصادفی طبقه‌ای انتخاب شدند. داده‌ها از طریق پرسشنامه جمع‌آوری و با استفاده از آمار توصیفی و استنباطی و با کمک نرم‌افزار SPSS تحلیل شدند. برای آزمون فرضیه‌ها از همبستگی پیرسون جهت بررسی رابطه هر متغیر مستقل با انضباط کاری و از همبستگی چندگانه برای ارزیابی رابطه همزمان آن‌ها استفاده شد. نتایج نشان داد که رهبری آینده‌نگر با ضریب همبستگی ۰.۰۵۳ و مقدار معناداری ۰.۶۰۱، رابطه‌ای بسیار ضعیف، مثبت و از نظر آماری غیرمعنادار با انضباط کاری دارد. هوش هیجانی با ضریب همبستگی ۰.۲۴۲ و مقدار معناداری ۰.۰۱۵، رابطه‌ای مثبت و معنادار با انضباط کاری نشان داد. خودکارآمدی نیز با ضریب همبستگی ۰.۳۴۸ و مقدار معناداری ۰.۰۰۰، رابطه‌ای مثبت و معنادار با انضباط کاری داشت. به طور همزمان، رهبری آینده‌نگر، هوش هیجانی و خودکارآمدی با ضریب همبستگی چندگانه ۰.۳۸۱، مقدار معناداری ۰.۰۰۲ و ضریب تعیین ۰.۱۴۵، رابطه‌ای مثبت و معنادار با انضباط کاری داشتند. این یافته‌ها نشان می‌دهد که سه متغیر مذکور به طور مشترک با ۱۴.۵٪ از تغییرات انضباط کاری معلمان مرتبط بودند و ۸۵.۵٪ باقی‌مانده به عوامل دیگری خارج از مدل پژوهش مربوط می‌شود. در نتیجه، هوش هیجانی و خودکارآمدی دارای روابط جزئی مثبت و معنادار با انضباط کاری معلمان بودند، در حالی که رهبری آینده‌نگر رابطه جزئی معناداری از نظر آماری نشان نداد. انتظار می‌رود این یافته‌ها در جهت بهبود انضباط کاری معلمان از طریق توسعه هوش هیجانی، خودکارآمدی و مدیریت آموزشی مؤثر مورد استفاده قرار گیرد.

The study investigated the effect of Simulation Application Technique (SAT) on secondary school students' interest in Genetics in Anambra State. A quasi-experimental research design, specifically the pretest-posttest non-equivalent control group design, was adopted. The population comprised 21,211 Senior Secondary II Biology students in public secondary schools in Anambra State. A sample of 220 students participated in the study, with 120 students assigned to the experimental group and 100 to the control group using multistage sampling techniques. The instrument used for data collection was Genetics Interest Inventory (GII). The instrument was validated by experts in Biology Education and Measurement and Evaluation, while the reliability of the GII was established using Cronbach's Alpha and yielded an index value of 0.84. Mean and standard deviation were used to answer the research questions, whereas Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) was employed to test the hypotheses at the 0.05 level of significance. The findings revealed that students taught Genetics using Simulation Application Technique recorded a higher mean interest gain (22.14) than those taught using the conventional Lecture Method (7.20). ANCOVA results further showed that the difference was statistically significant (F = 12.001, p < .05), with gender having no significant influence on students' interest, and there was no significant interaction effect between teaching strategy and gender. The study concluded that Simulation Application Technique is an effective learner-centred instructional strategy for improving students' interest in Genetics irrespective of gender. It was recommended that Biology teachers integrate simulation applications into Genetics instruction and that educational authorities organize regular professional development programmes to enhance teachers' competence in the use of simulation-based instructional strategies.

این پژوهش به بررسی تأثیر فنون کاربرد شبیه‌سازی (SAT) بر علاقه‌مندی دانش‌آموزان دبیرستانی به ژنتیک در ایالت Anambra پرداخت. طرح پژوهش شبه‌آزمایشی، به طور خاص طرح پیش‌آزمون-پس‌آزمون با گروه کنترل غیرمعادل، اتخاذ شد. جامعه آماری شامل ۲۱٬۲۱۱ دانش‌آموز زیست‌شناسی پایه دوم دبیرستان در مدارس متوسطه دولتی ایالت Anambra بود. نمونه‌ای متشکل از ۲۲۰ دانش‌آموز در این پژوهش شرکت کردند که ۱۲۰ نفر به گروه آزمایش و ۱۰۰ نفر به گروه کنترل با استفاده از روش‌های نمونه‌گیری چندمرحله‌ای اختصاص یافتند. ابزار گردآوری داده‌ها، پرسشنامه علاقه‌مندی به ژنتیک (GII) بود. این ابزار توسط متخصصان آموزش زیست‌شناسی و سنجش و ارزیابی اعتبارسنجی شد و پایایی GII با استفاده از آلفای کرونباخ محاسبه شد که شاخصی برابر با ۰٫۸۴ به دست آمد. برای پاسخ به پرسش‌های پژوهش از میانگین و انحراف معیار استفاده شد و برای آزمون فرضیه‌ها از تحلیل کوواریانس (ANCOVA) در سطح معناداری ۰٫۰۵ بهره گرفته شد. یافته‌ها نشان دادند که دانش‌آموزانی که ژنتیک را با استفاده از فنون کاربرد شبیه‌سازی فراگرفتند، افزایش میانگین علاقه‌مندی بیشتری (۲۲٫۱۴) نسبت به کسانی که با روش سخنرانی متداول آموزش دیدند (۷٫۲۰) داشتند. نتایج ANCOVA همچنین نشان داد که این تفاوت از نظر آماری معنادار است (F = 12.001, p < .05)، و جنسیت تأثیر معناداری بر علاقه‌مندی دانش‌آموزان نداشت و اثر تعاملی معناداری بین راهبرد تدریس و جنسیت مشاهده نشد. پژوهش نتیجه گرفت که فنون کاربرد شبیه‌سازی یک راهبرد آموزشی مؤثر و دانش‌آموزمحور برای افزایش علاقه‌مندی دانش‌آموزان به ژنتیک، فارغ از جنسیت، است. توصیه شد که معلمان زیست‌شناسی برنامه‌های شبیه‌سازی را در آموزش ژنتیک ادغام کنند و مسئولان آموزشی برنامه‌های توسعه حرفه‌ای منظم برای ارتقای شایستگی معلمان در استفاده از راهبردهای آموزشی مبتنی بر شبیه‌سازی برگزار کنند.

This study examined the transformational leadership styles of secondary school administrators and their relationship with teachers’ self-efficacy in Balamban District I during School Year 2025–2026 as a basis for developing a Leadership Enhancement Program. Employing a descriptive-correlational research design, the study involved 65 secondary school teachers selected as respondents. Data were collected using standardized instruments, namely the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ Form 5X) and the Teachers’ Sense of Efficacy Scale (TSES Long Form). Statistical analyses included frequency, percentage, weighted mean, standard deviation, and Pearson correlation. Findings revealed that most respondents were female, married, experienced teachers handling English and Mathematics, and had pursued graduate education. School administrators demonstrated high levels of transformational leadership, particularly in idealized influence, inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation, contingent reward, effectiveness, satisfaction, and extra effort. Conversely, laissez-faire leadership and passive management practices received low ratings. Teachers exhibited high self-efficacy in student engagement, instructional strategies, and classroom management. Correlation analysis revealed a low but statistically significant positive relationship between transformational leadership and teachers’ self-efficacy (ρ = 0.293, p = 0.018). Specifically, idealized influence, intellectual stimulation, and contingent reward demonstrated significant associations with teachers’ self-efficacy. The findings suggest that effective transformational leadership practices are associated with greater teacher confidence in fulfilling instructional responsibilities and managing classroom environments. Consequently, a Leadership Enhancement Program was proposed to strengthen administrators’ leadership competencies, promote supportive educational environments, and further enhance teachers’ professional effectiveness and self-efficacy across secondary schools within Balamban District I.

این پژوهش به بررسی سبک‌های رهبری تحول‌آفرین مدیران مدارس متوسطه و رابطه آن با خودکارآمدی معلمان در ناحیه اول بالامبان طی سال تحصیلی ۲۰۲۵–۲۰۲۶ به‌عنوان مبنایی برای تدوین برنامه ارتقای رهبری پرداخت. این مطالعه با بهره‌گیری از طرح پژوهش توصیفی-همبستگی و با مشارکت ۶۵ معلم مدارس متوسطه که به‌عنوان پاسخ‌دهنده انتخاب شدند، انجام شد. داده‌ها با استفاده از ابزارهای استاندارد، شامل پرسشنامه چندعاملی رهبری (MLQ Form 5X) و مقیاس احساس خودکارآمدی معلمان (TSES Long Form) گردآوری شد. تحلیل‌های آماری شامل فراوانی، درصد، میانگین وزنی، انحراف معیار و همبستگی پیرسون بود. یافته‌ها نشان داد که اکثر پاسخ‌دهندگان زن، متأهل، معلمان با تجربه در تدریس زبان انگلیسی و ریاضیات و دارای تحصیلات تکمیلی بودند. مدیران مدارس سطوح بالایی از رهبری تحول‌آفرین، به‌ویژه در نفوذ آرمانی، انگیزش الهام‌بخش، تحریک فکری، پاداش مشروط، اثربخشی، رضایت و تلاش مضاعف از خود نشان دادند. در مقابل، رهبری عدم مداخله و شیوه‌های مدیریت منفعل امتیاز پایینی کسب کردند. معلمان در ابعاد مشارکت دانش‌آموزان، راهبردهای آموزشی و مدیریت کلاس، خودکارآمدی بالایی از خود نشان دادند. تحلیل همبستگی نشان داد که بین رهبری تحول‌آفرین و خودکارآمدی معلمان رابطه مثبت اما ضعیف و معناداری وجود دارد (ρ = 0.293, p = 0.018). به طور خاص، نفوذ آرمانی، تحریک فکری و پاداش مشروط با خودکارآمدی معلمان ارتباط معناداری داشتند. یافته‌ها حاکی از آن است که شیوه‌های مؤثر رهبری تحول‌آفرین با افزایش اعتماد به نفس معلمان در انجام مسئولیت‌های آموزشی و مدیریت محیط کلاس مرتبط است. بر این اساس، برنامه ارتقای رهبری به منظور تقویت شایستگی‌های رهبری مدیران، ارتقای محیط‌های آموزشی حمایتی و افزایش اثربخشی حرفه‌ای و خودکارآمدی معلمان در مدارس متوسطه ناحیه اول بالامبان پیشنهاد شد.

The high rate of Quran memorization loss among tahfidz students is one of the challenges in maintaining memorization over the long term. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the effect of metacognitive learning on memorization retention among students in the Tahfidz program at Muhammadiyah 7 High School in Surabaya. This study employs a quantitative approach using an associative research design through simple linear regression. The sample consisted of 47 students from the 10th-grade Class X-1 and 11th-grade Class XI-1 of the Tahfidz program, selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected using a Likert-scale questionnaire and analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics Version 25. The results indicate that Metacognitive Learning has a positive and significant effect on students’ memorization retention, with a significance value of 0.000 and a coefficient of determination (R²) of 0.330. This means that Metacognitive Learning contributes 33% to memorization retention, while 67% is influenced by other factors. These findings can serve as a reference for teachers and administrators of the Tahfidz program in integrating the planning, monitoring, and evaluation of memorization into murojaah activities to help students retain what they have memorized.

نرخ بالای فراموشی حفظ قرآن در میان دانش‌آموزان حفظ یکی از چالش‌های مهم در نگهداری بلندمدت حفظیات است. بنابراین، هدف این پژوهش تحلیل تأثیر یادگیری فراشناختی بر پایداری حفظیات در میان دانش‌آموزان برنامه حفظ در دبیرستان Muhammadiyah 7 سورابایا است. این پژوهش با رویکرد کمی و با استفاده از طرح پژوهش همبستگی از طریق رگرسیون خطی ساده انجام شده است. نمونه شامل ۴۷ نفر از دانش‌آموزان پایه دهم کلاس X-1 و پایه یازدهم کلاس XI-1 برنامه حفظ بود که به روش نمونه‌گیری هدفمند انتخاب شدند. داده‌ها با استفاده از پرسشنامه مبتنی بر مقیاس لیکرت جمع‌آوری و با نرم‌افزار IBM SPSS Statistics نسخه ۲۵ تحلیل شدند. نتایج نشان داد که یادگیری فراشناختی تأثیر مثبت و معناداری بر پایداری حفظیات دانش‌آموزان دارد، به‌طوری‌که مقدار معناداری ۰.۰۰۰ و ضریب تعیین (R²) برابر با ۰.۳۳۰ به‌دست آمد. این بدان معناست که یادگیری فراشناختی ۳۳٪ از پایداری حفظیات را تبیین می‌کند و ۶۷٪ دیگر تحت تأثیر عوامل دیگر است. این یافته‌ها می‌تواند به‌عنوان مرجعی برای معلمان و مدیران برنامه حفظ در ادغام برنامه‌ریزی، پایش و ارزیابی حفظیات در فعالیت‌های مرور (مراجعه) جهت کمک به دانش‌آموزان برای نگهداری محفوظات خود مورد استفاده قرار گیرد.

Abstract In postcolonial Anglophone Cameroon, language is not merely a medium of communication; it acts as a pathway to socio-economic survival. The North West Region is heavily impacted by both patriarchal customary laws and the protracted socio-political crisis. This crisis has led to an increase in the number of widows. This sociolinguistic study examines the relationship between functional English Literacy and the socio-economic empowerment of widows in Bamenda, Cameroon. Utilising a comparative mixed methods research design, the study uses questionnaires and semi-structured interviews to contrast two distinct cohorts: Literate and non-literate widows. This work is grounded in Naila Kabeer’s empowerment framework and Paulo Freire’s critical literacy. A total of two hundred (200) widows were administered the questionnaires. Forty (40) widows were involved in the interview. The findings reveal a stark divergence between the two cohorts. While the non-literate widows face systemic property dispossession, financial exploitation and micro-finance exclusion due to language barriers, literate widows successfully leverage their skills to scale up their businesses, defend inheritance rights, navigate healthcare systems and secure their children’s education. The paper concludes by recommending development and humanitarian interventions in patriarchal, conflict-affected zones to transition from blind financial relief toward integrated rights-based, health-based and economic-based literacy frameworks. Keywords Functional English LiteracySocio-economic ImportanceWidowsComparative AnalysisBamenda

در کامرون آنگلوساکسون پس از استعمار، زبان صرفاً وسیله‌ای برای ارتباط نیست؛ بلکه به‌عنوان مسیری برای بقا اجتماعی‌ـ‌اقتصادی عمل می‌کند. منطقه شمال غربی به‌شدت تحت تأثیر قوانین عرفی مردسالارانه و بحران اجتماعی‌ـ‌سیاسی طولانی‌مدت قرار دارد. این بحران منجر به افزایش تعداد بیوه‌ها شده‌است. این مطالعه جامعه‌شناسی زبان به بررسی رابطه بین سواد عملکردی زبان انگلیسی و توانمندسازی اجتماعی‌ـ‌اقتصادی بیوه‌ها در بامندا، کامرون می‌پردازد. با بهره‌گیری از طرح پژوهشی ترکیبی مقایسه‌ای، پژوهش حاضر از پرسشنامه و مصاحبه نیمه‌ساختاریافته برای مقایسه دو گروه متمایز ــ بیوه‌های باسواد و بی‌سواد ــ استفاده می‌کند. این پژوهش بر مبنای چارچوب توانمندسازی Naila Kabeer و سواد انتقادی Paulo Freire استوار است. در مجموع، تعداد دویست (200) بیوه پرسشنامه‌ها را تکمیل کردند و چهل (40) بیوه در مصاحبه شرکت داشتند. یافته‌ها تفاوت چشمگیری میان دو گروه نشان می‌دهد. در حالی که بیوه‌های بی‌سواد به دلیل موانع زبانی با سلب سیستماتیک اموال، سوءاستفاده مالی و محرومیت از خدمات مالی خرد مواجه‌اند، بیوه‌های باسواد با بهره‌گیری موفق از مهارت‌های خود کسب‌وکارشان را توسعه می‌دهند، از حقوق ارث دفاع می‌کنند، در نظام سلامت مسیر خود را می‌یابند و آموزش فرزندانشان را تضمین می‌کنند. مقاله با توصیه به مداخلات توسعه‌ای و بشردوستانه در مناطق مردسالار و متأثر از بحران، برای گذار از کمک‌های مالی کور به سوی چارچوب‌های سواد مبتنی بر حقوق، سلامت و اقتصاد، پایان می‌یابد.

Abstract This study investigated the effect of family planning services on the psychosocial well-being of persons with hearing impairment in Buea Sub-Division, Cameroon. The study adopted a quasi-experimental research design, complemented by qualitative data, involving an experimental group and a control group. Twelve participants were involved in the family planning intervention assessment, with six assigned to each group. Data were collected through pre-test and post-test assessments of psychosocial well-being, complemented by participants' testimonies. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics and independent-samples t-tests, while qualitative responses were examined thematically. Findings revealed no statistically significant differences in psychosocial well-being between the experimental and control groups at pre-test (p > .05). However, following the family planning counselling intervention, participants in the experimental group demonstrated significantly higher psychosocial well-being scores (M = 135.83) than those in the control group (M = 75.67), with a statistically significant overall difference (t = 7.608, p < .001). Significant improvements were observed across all six dimensions of psychosocial well-being, particularly environmental mastery, positive interpersonal relationships, autonomy and self-acceptance. Qualitative findings further revealed improved reproductive health knowledge, increased self-confidence, reduced fear, enhanced communication with partners and greater autonomy in reproductive decision-making. The study concluded that accessible family planning counselling significantly improves the psychosocial well-being of persons with hearing impairment. It recommended integrating disability-inclusive family planning counselling, qualified sign language interpretation and psychosocial support into reproductive healthcare services to promote equitable access, reproductive autonomy and psychological well-being. Keywords Family Planning ServicesPsychosocial Well-BeingHearing ImpairmentReproductive Health CounsellingQuasi-Experimental DesignBuea Municipality

چکیده: این پژوهش به بررسی تأثیر خدمات تنظیم خانواده بر بهزیستی روانی‌اجتماعی افراد دارای اختلال شنوایی در بخش بوا، کامرون پرداخت. طرح پژوهش از نوع شبه‌آزمایشی و با داده‌های کیفی تکمیل شد و شامل یک گروه آزمایش و یک گروه کنترل بود. دوازده شرکت‌کننده در ارزیابی مداخله تنظیم خانواده مشارکت داشتند که شش نفر در هر گروه قرار گرفتند. داده‌ها از طریق ارزیابی‌های پیش‌آزمون و پس‌آزمون بهزیستی روانی‌اجتماعی و همچنین شهادت‌های شرکت‌کنندگان گردآوری شد. داده‌های کمی با استفاده از آمار توصیفی و آزمون t مستقل تحلیل گردید و پاسخ‌های کیفی به صورت موضوعی بررسی شد. یافته‌ها نشان داد که در مرحله پیش‌آزمون، تفاوت معناداری از نظر آماری در بهزیستی روانی‌اجتماعی بین گروه آزمایش و کنترل وجود نداشت (p > .05). با این حال، پس از مداخله مشاوره تنظیم خانواده، شرکت‌کنندگان گروه آزمایش نمرات بهزیستی روانی‌اجتماعی به طور معناداری بالاتری (M = 135.83) نسبت به گروه کنترل (M = 75.67) کسب کردند و تفاوت کلی معناداری مشاهده شد (t = 7.608, p < .001). بهبودهای معناداری در هر شش بعد بهزیستی روانی‌اجتماعی، به ویژه تسلط بر محیط، روابط مثبت بین‌فردی، خودمختاری و پذیرش خود مشاهده گردید. یافته‌های کیفی نیز نشان‌دهنده بهبود دانش سلامت باروری، افزایش اعتماد به نفس، کاهش ترس، ارتقای ارتباط با شریک زندگی و خودمختاری بیشتر در تصمیم‌گیری‌های باروری بود. پژوهش نتیجه گرفت که مشاوره تنظیم خانواده در دسترس، به طور معناداری بهزیستی روانی‌اجتماعی افراد دارای اختلال شنوایی را بهبود می‌بخشد. همچنین، ادغام مشاوره تنظیم خانواده فراگیر برای افراد دارای معلولیت، تفسیر زبان اشاره تخصصی و حمایت روانی‌اجتماعی در خدمات سلامت باروری به منظور ارتقای دسترسی عادلانه، خودمختاری باروری و بهزیستی روان‌شناختی توصیه شد.

This study focused on the development and acceptability of a Physics Activity Manual for Grade 9 students in a laboratory school implementing an institution-based curriculum in Batangas Province. It aimed to identify priority Physics learning areas and associated competencies based on students’ assessment results, determine the level of acceptability of the developed manual, examine differences in acceptability ratings when respondents were grouped according to profile variables, and propose enrichments based on the findings. The study employed a descriptive-developmental research design. Assessment results of 75 Grade 9 students from School Year 2024–2025 were analyzed to identify the lowest-performing Physics learning areas and the competencies associated with them, which served as the basis for developing the manual. The developed material underwent preliminary review by qualified validators and was subsequently evaluated by 30 Science Teachers and 5 Science Experts using an adapted Learning Resource Management and Development System (LRMDS) Evaluation Tool for Printed Resources. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The manual was rated Highly Acceptable by both groups across Content, Format, Presentation and Organization, and Accuracy and Up-to-Datedness. Overall mean ratings were 3.82 for Science Teachers and 3.70 for Science Experts. Differences were not significant for most profile variables; however, Science Teachers’ ratings differed significantly by educational attainment. The findings support the manual’s acceptability as a curriculum-aligned supplementary instructional resource, while classroom implementation and effectiveness remain subjects for future research.

این مطالعه بر تدوین و پذیرش‌پذیری راهنمای فعالیت‌های فیزیک برای دانش‌آموزان پایه نهم در یک مدرسه آزمایشگاهی که برنامه درسی مبتنی بر مؤسسه را در استان باتانگاس اجرا می‌کند، متمرکز بود. هدف پژوهش شناسایی حوزه‌های اولویت‌دار یادگیری فیزیک و شایستگی‌های مرتبط بر اساس نتایج ارزیابی دانش‌آموزان، تعیین سطح پذیرش‌پذیری راهنمای تدوین‌شده، بررسی تفاوت در امتیازات پذیرش‌پذیری هنگام گروه‌بندی پاسخ‌دهندگان بر اساس متغیرهای پروفایل و پیشنهاد غنی‌سازی‌ها بر اساس یافته‌ها بود. این پژوهش از طرح پژوهش توصیفی-توسعه‌ای استفاده کرد. نتایج ارزیابی ۷۵ دانش‌آموز پایه نهم در سال تحصیلی ۲۰۲۴–۲۰۲۵ برای شناسایی حوزه‌های یادگیری فیزیک با پایین‌ترین عملکرد و شایستگی‌های مرتبط با آن‌ها تحلیل شد که مبنای تدوین راهنما قرار گرفت. ماده تدوین‌شده توسط ارزیابان واجد شرایط مورد بازبینی اولیه قرار گرفت و سپس توسط ۳۰ معلم علوم و ۵ کارشناس علوم با استفاده از ابزار ارزیابی منابع چاپی سیستم مدیریت و توسعه منابع یادگیری (LRMDS) ارزیابی شد. داده‌ها با استفاده از آمار توصیفی و استنباطی تحلیل شدند. راهنما از سوی هر دو گروه در ابعاد محتوا، قالب، ارائه و سازماندهی، و صحت و به‌روز بودن، بسیار قابل پذیرش ارزیابی شد. میانگین کلی امتیازات برای معلمان علوم ۳٫۸۲ و برای کارشناسان علوم ۳٫۷۰ بود. تفاوت معناداری در بیشتر متغیرهای پروفایل مشاهده نشد؛ با این حال، امتیازات معلمان علوم بر اساس سطح تحصیلات تفاوت معناداری داشت. یافته‌ها از پذیرش‌پذیری راهنما به عنوان منبع آموزشی مکمل همسو با برنامه درسی حمایت می‌کند، در حالی که اجرای کلاسی و اثربخشی آن موضوع پژوهش‌های آتی باقی می‌ماند.

Post-secondary student mental health research increasingly calls for students to be engaged as equal partners, yet there is a lack of guidance on how to recognize and compensate their contributions. This study examines how student partners’ contributions to post-secondary student mental health research should be recognized through qualitative insights from diverse interest groups. We conducted qualitative, semi-structured interviews with 13 participants representing diverse interest groups: faculty researchers, student researchers, students with lived experience, and staff in post-secondary institutions. The data was analyzed using conventional content analysis. Five themes were identified: (1) lived experience as valued expertise; (2) principles of fair and equitable recognition; (3) current compensation practices; (4) systemic barriers to monetary compensation; and (5) structural solutions and advocacy. Together, themes suggest that lived experience was seen as integral to research design, implementation, and knowledge mobilization. Participants emphasized proportionality, transparency, shared decision-making, and non-coercion as guiding principles. Compensating student partners is not the norm, in part, because there are barriers such as institutional polices and limited funding that are at odds with how we should compensate students. Structural solutions and advocacy to normalize compensation include creating compensation guidelines, reporting compensation practices, and working with grant agencies. Overall, we identified compensation considerations for student partners. Based on our qualitative insights, we recommend underlying principles that should govern recognition practices in this unique research context and potential solutions to normalize the recognition of students’ lived experiences. Post-secondary student mental health research increasingly involves students as partners on research teams, meaning students contribute to shaping research questions and methods, and sharing findings, rather than only taking part as study participants. However, there is little guidance on how to fairly recognize and compensate student partners for their contributions, including the lived experience they bring (i.e., their own experiences of being a student). This study explored how student partners’ contributions should be recognized, based on insights from people involved in this type of work. We interviewed 13 people involved in post-secondary student mental health research, including students, faculty, and staff. We looked across interviews to find repeated ideas and grouped them into key themes. Participants described students’ lived experience as valuable expertise that can strengthen research by improving study design, how research is conducted, and how results are shared. They emphasized the importance of clear expectations, shared decision-making, and making sure recognition matches contribution while ensuring students do not feel pressured to be involved. Participants noted that compensating student partners for their contributions is not common, in part because institutional rules and limited funding create barriers. Suggested ways forward included developing compensation guidelines, reporting compensation practices, and working with funding agencies to better support student partners. Our findings provide practical recommendations to help make fair recognition of student partners’ lived experiences more common in post-secondary student mental health research.

پژوهش‌های سلامت روان دانشجویان آموزش عالی به طور فزاینده‌ای خواستار مشارکت دانشجویان به عنوان همکاران برابر هستند، اما راهنمایی کافی درباره نحوه شناسایی و جبران مشارکت‌های آنان وجود ندارد. این مطالعه بررسی می‌کند که چگونه باید مشارکت دانشجویان همکار در پژوهش‌های سلامت روان دانشجویان آموزش عالی شناسایی شود، با بهره‌گیری از بینش‌های کیفی گروه‌های ذی‌نفع متنوع. مصاحبه‌های کیفی نیمه‌ساختاریافته با ۱۳ شرکت‌کننده از گروه‌های ذی‌نفع مختلف شامل اعضای هیئت علمی پژوهشگر، پژوهشگران دانشجو، دانشجویان با تجربه زیسته و کارکنان مؤسسات آموزش عالی انجام شد. داده‌ها با استفاده از تحلیل محتوای متعارف تحلیل گردید. پنج مضمون شناسایی شد: (۱) تجربه زیسته به عنوان تخصص ارزشمند؛ (۲) اصول شناسایی منصفانه و عادلانه؛ (۳) شیوه‌های فعلی جبران؛ (۴) موانع ساختاری برای جبران مالی؛ و (۵) راه‌حل‌های ساختاری و حمایت‌گری. در مجموع، مضامین نشان می‌دهند که تجربه زیسته به عنوان بخشی جدایی‌ناپذیر از طراحی پژوهش، اجرا و انتقال دانش تلقی می‌شود. شرکت‌کنندگان بر تناسب، شفافیت، تصمیم‌گیری مشترک و عدم اجبار به عنوان اصول راهنما تأکید کردند. جبران دانشجویان همکار امری رایج نیست، تا حدی به دلیل وجود موانعی مانند سیاست‌های نهادی و محدودیت منابع مالی که با شیوه‌های مطلوب جبران دانشجویان در تضاد است. راه‌حل‌ها و حمایت‌گری ساختاری برای عادی‌سازی جبران شامل تدوین دستورالعمل‌های جبران، گزارش‌دهی شیوه‌های جبران و همکاری با نهادهای تأمین مالی است. به طور کلی، ملاحظات جبران برای دانشجویان همکار شناسایی شد. بر اساس یافته‌های کیفی، اصول بنیادینی برای هدایت شیوه‌های شناسایی در این زمینه پژوهشی خاص و راه‌حل‌های بالقوه برای عادی‌سازی شناسایی تجربه زیسته دانشجویان پیشنهاد می‌شود. پژوهش‌های سلامت روان دانشجویان آموزش عالی به طور فزاینده‌ای دانشجویان را به عنوان همکار در تیم‌های پژوهشی درگیر می‌کند، به این معنا که دانشجویان در شکل‌دهی به پرسش‌ها و روش‌های پژوهش و همچنین به اشتراک‌گذاری یافته‌ها مشارکت دارند، نه صرفاً به عنوان شرکت‌کننده در مطالعه. با این حال، راهنمایی اندکی درباره نحوه شناسایی و جبران منصفانه مشارکت دانشجویان همکار، از جمله تجربه زیسته آنان (یعنی تجربه شخصی دانشجویی)، وجود دارد. این مطالعه بر اساس بینش‌های افراد درگیر در این حوزه، به بررسی نحوه شناسایی مشارکت دانشجویان همکار پرداخت. با ۱۳ نفر از افراد فعال در پژوهش سلامت روان دانشجویان آموزش عالی، شامل دانشجویان، اعضای هیئت علمی و کارکنان مصاحبه شد. مصاحبه‌ها برای یافتن ایده‌های تکرارشونده بررسی و در مضامین کلیدی گروه‌بندی گردید. شرکت‌کنندگان تجربه زیسته دانشجویان را به عنوان تخصص ارزشمند توصیف کردند که می‌تواند پژوهش را از طریق بهبود طراحی مطالعه، نحوه اجرای پژوهش و نحوه به اشتراک‌گذاری نتایج تقویت کند. آن‌ها بر اهمیت انتظارات شفاف، تصمیم‌گیری مشترک و تناسب شناسایی با میزان مشارکت و همچنین اطمینان از عدم احساس اجبار دانشجویان برای مشارکت تأکید کردند. شرکت‌کنندگان اشاره کردند که جبران مشارکت دانشجویان همکار رایج نیست، تا حدی به دلیل وجود قوانین نهادی و محدودیت منابع مالی که موانعی ایجاد می‌کند. راهکارهای پیشنهادی شامل تدوین دستورالعمل‌های جبران، گزارش‌دهی شیوه‌های جبران و همکاری با نهادهای تأمین مالی برای حمایت بهتر از دانشجویان همکار بود. یافته‌های ما توصیه‌های عملی برای کمک به عادی‌سازی شناسایی منصفانه تجربه زیسته دانشجویان همکار در پژوهش‌های سلامت روان دانشجویان آموزش عالی ارائه می‌دهد.

This investigation evaluated the employability, professional competencies, and internship experiences of the Bachelor of Elementary Education (BEED) graduates of the Polytechnic University of the Philippines – Cabiao Campus for the academic years 2024–2025. The study objectives were to obtain the demographic characteristics of the graduates and the employment profile, how the graduates have matched their jobs with their degrees, their practical abilities and skills learned from the institution, and their practicum and internship experience’s effect. A descriptive quantitative research design was used in the study. Respondents were 170 BEED graduates of 2024 and 2025 who were identified through total enumeration and purposive sampling strategies. A researcher-made questionnaire was used as the main data instrument and was shared online using Google Forms, email, Messenger, and other social media platforms. Frequency, percentage, and weighted mean were used to analyze the observations made in the data. The findings showed that a high proportion of graduates were employed in the local area; however, many were working in fields not directly related to their degree. The findings also showed that the respondents strongly agreed that the BEED program effectively strengthened their communication skills, critical thinking, teaching competencies, leadership skills, and ICT skills that pertain to professional practice. Moreover, the graduates self-reported very high ratings regarding practicum and internship experiences, which showed that they ready them for managing a classroom, teaching in-person, and carrying out teaching duties in real life. This research can guide curricula improvement, support programs, and a continuous improvement process of the BEED program to strengthen graduate employability and professional readiness.

این پژوهش به ارزیابی قابلیت اشتغال، شایستگی‌های حرفه‌ای و تجارب کارآموزی فارغ‌التحصیلان رشته کارشناسی آموزش ابتدایی (BEED) دانشگاه پلی‌تکنیک فیلیپین – پردیس کابیاو در سال‌های تحصیلی ۲۰۲۴ تا ۲۰۲۵ پرداخت. اهداف پژوهش شامل به‌دست‌آوردن ویژگی‌های جمعیت‌شناختی فارغ‌التحصیلان و نمایه اشتغال آنان، میزان تطابق شغل فارغ‌التحصیلان با رشته تحصیلی، توانایی‌ها و مهارت‌های عملی کسب‌شده از مؤسسه، و تأثیر تجربه کارورزی و کارآموزی بود. در این مطالعه از طرح پژوهش توصیفی-کمی استفاده شد. پاسخ‌دهندگان شامل ۱۷۰ نفر از فارغ‌التحصیلان BEED سال‌های ۲۰۲۴ و ۲۰۲۵ بودند که از طریق سرشماری کامل و نمونه‌گیری هدفمند انتخاب شدند. ابزار اصلی گردآوری داده‌ها پرسشنامه محقق‌ساخته بود که به صورت آنلاین از طریق Google Forms، ایمیل، Messenger و سایر شبکه‌های اجتماعی توزیع شد. برای تحلیل داده‌ها از فراوانی، درصد و میانگین وزنی استفاده گردید. یافته‌ها نشان داد که نسبت بالایی از فارغ‌التحصیلان در منطقه محلی مشغول به کار هستند؛ با این حال، بسیاری از آنان در حوزه‌هایی مشغول به کارند که ارتباط مستقیمی با رشته تحصیلی‌شان ندارد. همچنین نتایج نشان داد که پاسخ‌دهندگان به شدت موافق بودند که برنامه BEED به طور مؤثری مهارت‌های ارتباطی، تفکر انتقادی، شایستگی‌های تدریس، مهارت‌های رهبری و مهارت‌های ICT مرتبط با عمل حرفه‌ای را در آنان تقویت کرده است. افزون بر این، فارغ‌التحصیلان به صورت خودگزارش‌دهی، نمرات بسیار بالایی به تجارب کارورزی و کارآموزی خود دادند که نشان می‌دهد این تجارب آنان را برای مدیریت کلاس، تدریس حضوری و انجام وظایف آموزشی در دنیای واقعی آماده کرده است. این پژوهش می‌تواند راهنمایی برای بهبود برنامه درسی، برنامه‌های حمایتی و فرایند بهبود مستمر برنامه BEED به منظور تقویت قابلیت اشتغال و آمادگی حرفه‌ای فارغ‌التحصیلان باشد.

This study investigated the impact of TPACK-aligned digital materials on student engagement and learning performance among Grade 5 pupils in Lutayan District II. Specifically, it determined the level of teachers’ utilization of digital tools, assessed students’ engagement in terms of behavioral, emotional, and cognitive dimensions, and examined the significant relationship between these variables. The study focused on the use of Microsoft PowerPoint/Google Slides, Canva for Education, and online games as instructional materials. A quantitative descriptive research design was employed, utilizing survey questionnaires administered to 114 Grade 5 pupils and their teachers. The instruments included a Teacher TPACK Integration Checklist and a Student Engagement Survey. Findings revealed that teachers demonstrated a high level of utilization of TPACK-aligned digital materials, particularly presentation and design tools, while the use of online games was observed at a moderate level, indicating an area for improvement. Moreover, students exhibited a high level of engagement across behavioral, emotional, and cognitive domains, suggesting that digital integration enhances participation, motivation, and critical thinking. Statistical analysis showed a significant positive relationship (r = 0.72, p = < .001) between teachers’ use of TPACK-aligned digital materials and student engagement. The study concludes that effective integration of technology aligned with pedagogy and content knowledge significantly improves student engagement and supports better learning outcomes. It is recommended that teachers further develop their digital competencies and incorporate diverse interactive tools to enrich classroom instruction.

این پژوهش تأثیر مواد دیجیتال همسو با TPACK را بر میزان درگیری و عملکرد یادگیری دانش‌آموزان پایه پنجم در ناحیه دوم لوتایان مورد بررسی قرار داد. به طور خاص، سطح استفاده معلمان از ابزارهای دیجیتال تعیین شد، میزان درگیری دانش‌آموزان از لحاظ ابعاد رفتاری، هیجانی و شناختی ارزیابی گردید و رابطه معنادار میان این متغیرها بررسی شد. تمرکز پژوهش بر استفاده از Microsoft PowerPoint/Google Slides، Canva for Education و بازی‌های آنلاین به عنوان مواد آموزشی بود. طرح پژوهش توصیفی کمی به کار گرفته شد و پرسشنامه‌های نظرسنجی در میان ۱۱۴ دانش‌آموز پایه پنجم و معلمان آن‌ها توزیع گردید. ابزارهای مورد استفاده شامل فهرست بررسی ادغام TPACK معلمان و پرسشنامه درگیری دانش‌آموزان بود. یافته‌ها نشان داد که معلمان سطح بالایی از استفاده از مواد دیجیتال همسو با TPACK، به ویژه ابزارهای ارائه و طراحی، را از خود نشان دادند، در حالی که استفاده از بازی‌های آنلاین در سطح متوسط مشاهده شد که نشان‌دهنده زمینه‌ای برای بهبود است. همچنین، دانش‌آموزان در سطوح رفتاری، هیجانی و شناختی، میزان بالایی از درگیری را نشان دادند که حاکی از آن است که ادغام دیجیتال موجب افزایش مشارکت، انگیزش و تفکر انتقادی می‌شود. تحلیل آماری رابطه مثبت معناداری (r = 0.72, p = < .001) میان استفاده معلمان از مواد دیجیتال همسو با TPACK و درگیری دانش‌آموزان نشان داد. پژوهش نتیجه می‌گیرد که ادغام مؤثر فناوری همسو با دانش محتوا و آموزش به طور معناداری موجب بهبود درگیری دانش‌آموزان و حمایت از نتایج بهتر یادگیری می‌شود. توصیه می‌شود معلمان شایستگی‌های دیجیتال خود را بیش‌تر توسعه دهند و ابزارهای تعاملی متنوعی را برای غنی‌سازی آموزش در کلاس درس به کار گیرند.

Background: Workplace stress, anxiety, burnout and psychological distress are important concerns affecting employee well-being and organisational performance. The increasing use of artificial intelligence (AI) in digital mental health support offers opportunities for accessible and timely assistance, while raising concerns regarding privacy, informed consent, algorithmic bias, clinical safety, accountability and human oversight. This study aims to examine the potential role and responsible integration of AI-based psychiatric counselling for managing employee stress and supporting workplace mental health by 2030. Materials and Methods: A mixed-methods research design will be used, combining quantitative survey data with qualitative interviews. The quantitative component will include approximately 350–450 employees, while the qualitative component will involve approximately 25–35 interviews with HR professionals, organisational leaders, EAP professionals and mental health practitioners. Data will assess perceived stress, anxiety, burnout, psychological safety, trust, confidentiality, privacy concerns, AI counselling acceptance and willingness to use AI-based mental health support. Quantitative data will be analysed using descriptive statistics, reliability testing, correlation, regression, t-tests, ANOVA and appropriate mediation or moderation analyses. Qualitative data will be analysed thematically. Results: The study is expected to identify factors influencing employee acceptance and trust in AI-based psychiatric counselling and to examine the role of privacy, human oversight, psychological safety and organisational support in its responsible adoption. Conclusion: AI-based psychiatric counselling may serve as a supportive component of workplace mental health systems, particularly for early support, psychoeducation, self-help and triage. However, it should complement rather than replace qualified mental health professionals. Responsible implementation will require privacy safeguards, informed consent, clinical oversight, transparency, fairness, accountability and clear referral pathways.

زمینه: استرس محیط کار، اضطراب، فرسودگی شغلی و پریشانی روان‌شناختی از دغدغه‌های مهمی هستند که بهزیستی کارکنان و عملکرد سازمانی را تحت تأثیر قرار می‌دهند. افزایش استفاده از هوش مصنوعی (AI) در حمایت دیجیتال سلامت روان، فرصت‌هایی برای دسترسی و کمک به‌موقع فراهم می‌کند، در حالی که نگرانی‌هایی درباره حریم خصوصی، رضایت آگاهانه، سوگیری الگوریتمی، ایمنی بالینی، مسئولیت‌پذیری و نظارت انسانی ایجاد می‌کند. هدف این مطالعه بررسی نقش بالقوه و ادغام مسئولانه مشاوره روان‌پزشکی مبتنی بر هوش مصنوعی برای مدیریت استرس کارکنان و حمایت از سلامت روان محیط کار تا سال ۲۰۳۰ است. مواد و روش‌ها: از طرح پژوهشی آمیخته استفاده خواهد شد که داده‌های پیمایش کمی را با مصاحبه‌های کیفی ترکیب می‌کند. بخش کمی شامل حدود ۳۵۰ تا ۴۵۰ نفر از کارکنان خواهد بود و بخش کیفی شامل حدود ۲۵ تا ۳۵ مصاحبه با متخصصان منابع انسانی، رهبران سازمانی، متخصصان EAP و درمانگران سلامت روان خواهد بود. داده‌ها میزان استرس ادراک‌شده، اضطراب، فرسودگی شغلی، ایمنی روان‌شناختی، اعتماد، محرمانگی، نگرانی‌های مربوط به حریم خصوصی، پذیرش مشاوره مبتنی بر هوش مصنوعی و تمایل به استفاده از حمایت سلامت روان مبتنی بر هوش مصنوعی را ارزیابی خواهند کرد. داده‌های کمی با استفاده از آمار توصیفی، آزمون پایایی، همبستگی، رگرسیون، آزمون t، ANOVA و تحلیل‌های میانجی‌گری یا تعدیل‌گری مناسب تحلیل می‌شوند. داده‌های کیفی به صورت مضمون‌محور تحلیل خواهند شد. نتایج: انتظار می‌رود مطالعه عوامل مؤثر بر پذیرش و اعتماد کارکنان به مشاوره روان‌پزشکی مبتنی بر هوش مصنوعی را شناسایی کند و نقش حریم خصوصی، نظارت انسانی، ایمنی روان‌شناختی و حمایت سازمانی را در پذیرش مسئولانه آن بررسی نماید. نتیجه‌گیری: مشاوره روان‌پزشکی مبتنی بر هوش مصنوعی می‌تواند به عنوان بخشی حمایتی از نظام‌های سلامت روان محیط کار، به ویژه برای حمایت اولیه، آموزش روانی، خودیاری و ارجاع اولیه مورد استفاده قرار گیرد. با این حال، باید مکمل و نه جایگزین متخصصان واجد شرایط سلامت روان باشد. اجرای مسئولانه نیازمند تضمین‌های حریم خصوصی، رضایت آگاهانه، نظارت بالینی، شفافیت، انصاف، مسئولیت‌پذیری و مسیرهای ارجاع روشن خواهد بود.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of teaching and learning resources on quality education in public primary schools in Machakos County, Kenya. Methodology: The study adopted a descriptive research design that combined quantitative and qualitative approaches. The target population comprised 403 head teachers, 2,015 Standard Eight teachers and 756 Standard Eight pupils in rural public primary schools (N = 3,174). A sample of 343 respondents was determined using the Krejcie and Morgan formula and selected through purposive and simple random sampling. Data were collected using structured questionnaires administered to teachers who taught Standard Eight, Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) with Standard Eight pupils, and document analysis of school records provided by head teachers. Quantitative data were analyzed in SPSS version 26.0 using descriptive statistics, Pearson’s correlation and simple linear regression, while qualitative data were analyzed thematically. Findings: The findings revealed that teachers disagreed that teaching and learning resources were adequate (overall mean = 2.31), with digital learning resources (mean = 1.66) and classrooms and laboratories (mean = 1.92) rated lowest. Pupils’ accounts and school records corroborated these shortages. Teaching and learning resources had a strong, positive and statistically significant relationship with quality education (r = .858, p < .05) and explained 73.7% of its variation (R² = .737; β = 45.526, p < .05). Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The study provides empirical support for the education production function in rural Kenyan primary schools. For policy, it recommends targeted and equitable resource allocation, especially for digital resources, classrooms, textbooks, sanitation facilities and staffing. For practice, it recommends that teachers move beyond sole reliance on textbooks and incorporate a variety of instructional materials such as visual aids, manipulatives, locally available resources and digital content to address diverse learning styles and improve learning outcomes.

هدف: هدف این پژوهش بررسی تأثیر منابع آموزشی و یادگیری بر کیفیت آموزش در مدارس ابتدایی دولتی شهرستان Machakos، کنیا بود. روش‌شناسی: این پژوهش از طرح پژوهش توصیفی با رویکرد ترکیبی کمی و کیفی بهره گرفت. جامعه هدف شامل ۴۰۳ مدیر، ۲۰۱۵ معلم پایه هشتم و ۷۵۶ دانش‌آموز پایه هشتم در مدارس ابتدایی دولتی روستایی (N = ۳۱۷۴) بود. نمونه‌ای متشکل از ۳۴۳ نفر با استفاده از فرمول Krejcie و Morgan تعیین و از طریق نمونه‌گیری هدفمند و تصادفی ساده انتخاب شد. داده‌ها با استفاده از پرسشنامه‌های ساختاریافته برای معلمان پایه هشتم، بحث‌های گروهی متمرکز (FGDs) با دانش‌آموزان پایه هشتم و تحلیل اسناد سوابق مدارس ارائه‌شده توسط مدیران گردآوری شد. داده‌های کمی با استفاده از نرم‌افزار SPSS نسخه ۲۶.۰ و با بهره‌گیری از آمار توصیفی، همبستگی پیرسون و رگرسیون خطی ساده تحلیل شدند و داده‌های کیفی به صورت موضوعی مورد تحلیل قرار گرفتند. یافته‌ها: یافته‌ها نشان داد که معلمان با کفایت منابع آموزشی و یادگیری موافق نبودند (میانگین کلی = ۲.۳۱)، به‌طوری‌که منابع یادگیری دیجیتال (میانگین = ۱.۶۶) و کلاس‌های درس و آزمایشگاه‌ها (میانگین = ۱.۹۲) پایین‌ترین امتیاز را داشتند. اظهارات دانش‌آموزان و سوابق مدارس این کمبودها را تأیید کرد. منابع آموزشی و یادگیری رابطه‌ای قوی، مثبت و از نظر آماری معنادار با کیفیت آموزش داشتند (r = .858, p < .05) و ۷۳.۷٪ از تغییرات آن را تبیین کردند (R² = .737؛ β = ۴۵.۵۲۶، p < .05). نوآوری پژوهش در نظریه، عمل و سیاست: این پژوهش شواهد تجربی برای تابع تولید آموزش در مدارس ابتدایی روستایی کنیا ارائه می‌دهد. در حوزه سیاست، تخصیص هدفمند و عادلانه منابع، به‌ویژه برای منابع دیجیتال، کلاس‌های درس، کتاب‌های درسی، امکانات بهداشتی و نیروی انسانی توصیه می‌شود. در حوزه عمل، توصیه می‌شود معلمان فراتر از اتکای صرف به کتاب‌های درسی، از انواع مواد آموزشی مانند وسایل بصری، ابزارهای دست‌ورزی، منابع محلی و محتوای دیجیتال برای پاسخگویی به سبک‌های یادگیری متنوع و بهبود نتایج یادگیری استفاده کنند.

In the first part of this paper, Ihighlight recent advances in design research evidenced by the five core papers of this special issue. These advances include planning classroom design studies with an eye toward scale from the outset, design studies that are investigating and supporting the development of cadres of accomplished professional development facilitators, and design studies that are investigating how to support the development of school system capacity to take up and adapt potentially productive innovations. In thesecond part of the paper, Idiscuss three significant challenges for the future. The first concerns the challenges inherent in specifying the learning goals that orient various types of design studies. Thesecond is the challenge of thinking in terms of systems of supports for learning and of seeing those systems as aspects of the school and school system contexts in which educators develop and refine their practices. The third is the challenge of ensuring that aconcern for the equitable distribution of students’ learning opportunities is integral to all types of design studies.

در بخش نخست این مقاله، پیشرفت‌های اخیر در پژوهش طراحی که توسط پنج مقاله اصلی این شماره ویژه نشان داده شده‌اند، برجسته می‌شود. این پیشرفت‌ها شامل برنامه‌ریزی مطالعات طراحی کلاس درس با توجه به مقیاس از همان ابتدا، مطالعات طراحی که به بررسی و حمایت از توسعه گروه‌هایی از تسهیل‌گران حرفه‌ای توسعه شغلی می‌پردازند، و مطالعات طراحی که به بررسی نحوه حمایت از توسعه ظرفیت نظام آموزشی مدارس برای پذیرش و تطبیق نوآوری‌های بالقوه سودمند اختصاص یافته‌اند، می‌باشد. در بخش دوم مقاله، سه چالش مهم برای آینده مورد بحث قرار می‌گیرد. نخستین چالش، دشواری‌های ذاتی در مشخص کردن اهداف یادگیری است که جهت‌دهنده انواع مختلف مطالعات طراحی هستند. دومین چالش، اندیشیدن در قالب نظام‌های حمایتی برای یادگیری و مشاهده این نظام‌ها به عنوان جنبه‌هایی از زمینه‌های مدرسه و نظام آموزشی است که در آن‌ها معلمان به توسعه و اصلاح شیوه‌های خود می‌پردازند. سومین چالش، اطمینان از این است که توجه به توزیع عادلانه فرصت‌های یادگیری دانش‌آموزان، جزء جدایی‌ناپذیر همه انواع مطالعات طراحی باشد.

This study examined the impact of work-life balance on teacher performance and student outcomes among private school teachers in Surat City. The main aim was to understand how teachers manage their professional and personal life and how this balance affects their teaching effectiveness. A descriptive research design was used and primary data was collected from 300 teachers through a structured questionnaire. The study included demographic analysis, multiple choice questions and Likert scale statements. The findings showed that most teachers experienced moderate levels of work-life balance due to workload and time pressure. Many teachers reported taking work home, which affected their personal life. Statistical analysis revealed that work-life balance had a strong positive relationship with teacher performance (r = 0.62) and student outcomes (r = 0.58). The regression results further confirmed that better balance improved teaching effectiveness. Normality and reliability tests confirmed that the data was suitable and consistent for analysis. The study concluded that work-life balance plays an important role in improving teacher productivity and student learning. Teachers who maintained a healthy balance were more focused, motivated and effective in the classroom. The study also highlighted the need for supportive school policies and stress management practices. Overall, improving work-life balance can lead to better educational outcomes and a more positive teaching environment.

این پژوهش به بررسی تأثیر تعادل کار و زندگی بر عملکرد معلمان و نتایج دانش‌آموزان در میان معلمان مدارس غیرانتفاعی شهر سورت پرداخته است. هدف اصلی، درک نحوه مدیریت زندگی حرفه‌ای و شخصی توسط معلمان و تأثیر این تعادل بر اثربخشی تدریس آن‌ها بود. طرح پژوهش توصیفی به کار گرفته شد و داده‌های اولیه از ۳۰۰ معلم از طریق پرسشنامه ساختاریافته جمع‌آوری گردید. پژوهش شامل تحلیل‌های جمعیت‌شناختی، سؤالات چندگزینه‌ای و عبارات مقیاس لیکرت بود. یافته‌ها نشان داد که اکثر معلمان به دلیل حجم کار و فشار زمانی، سطوح متوسطی از تعادل کار و زندگی را تجربه می‌کنند. بسیاری از معلمان گزارش کردند که کار را به خانه می‌برند که این امر بر زندگی شخصی آن‌ها تأثیر گذاشته است. تحلیل آماری نشان داد که تعادل کار و زندگی با عملکرد معلمان (r = 0.62) و نتایج دانش‌آموزان (r = 0.58) رابطه مثبت قوی دارد. نتایج رگرسیون نیز تأیید کرد که تعادل بهتر، اثربخشی تدریس را افزایش می‌دهد. آزمون‌های نرمالیتی و پایایی نشان داد که داده‌ها برای تحلیل مناسب و سازگار هستند. پژوهش نتیجه‌گیری کرد که تعادل کار و زندگی نقش مهمی در بهبود بهره‌وری معلمان و یادگیری دانش‌آموزان ایفا می‌کند. معلمانی که تعادل سالمی را حفظ می‌کنند، در کلاس درس متمرکزتر، باانگیزه‌تر و اثربخش‌تر هستند. این پژوهش همچنین بر ضرورت سیاست‌های حمایتی مدرسه و شیوه‌های مدیریت استرس تأکید کرد. به طور کلی، بهبود تعادل کار و زندگی می‌تواند به نتایج آموزشی بهتر و محیط تدریس مثبت‌تر منجر شود.

Background and Objectives: Spinal stenosis is a significant issue that frequently occurs in adults and older adults worldwide. Self-management assessment is crucial for achieving self-management goals. However, there is currently no specific research tool for evaluating self-management related to spinal stenosis in adults and older adults. Therefore, this study aimed to develop and evaluate the psychological properties of a self-management assessment for spinal stenosis. Methods: The research design involved the development and evaluation of psychological properties in a spinal stenosis self-Management scale (SS-SMS), applying the self-management theory of Lorig and Holman (2003) along with a literature review, and following the development and evaluation of the psychological properties of this type of research instrument based on the concepts of DeVellis and Thorpe (2022). The processes were: 1) Development of the research instrument, which included (1.1) identifying what to measure by defining terms and specifying components in each domain, (1.2) creating the initial set of 50 questions for assessment, and (1.3) determining the measurement format; and 2) Evaluation of the psychological properties of the research instrument, which included (2.1) content validity validated by 7 experts, (2.2) cognitive interviews with 6 adults and older adult individuals regarding the initial set of questions, and reliability testing with 30 individuals, (2.3) reviewing the quality of the questions, (2.4) determining the sample size for structural validity testing, which involved 300 adults and older adult individuals with spinal stenosis sampled using simple random sampling without replacement, (2.5) evaluating the questions by checking structural validity and testing the reliability of the new assessment, and (2.6) considering the length of the assessment. The data analysis included descriptive statistics, exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Results: The research findings revealed that the spinal stenosis self-Management scale (SS-SMS) in adults and older adults, with a total of 36 items, was measured using a 6-point Likert scale. The content validity index for each item ranged from .860 to 1.000, and the overall content validity index was .971. The structural validity, as determined by exploratory factor analysis, revealed 7 components: 1) Role management, 2) Emotional management, 3) Medical management, 4) Symptom management, 5) Communication, 6) Posture and exercise management, and 7) Nutrition. The component weights ranged from .446 to .841, which were statistically significant (p < .001). All components together explain 66.085 % of the cumulative variance. Confirmatory factor analysis also identified 7 components, and the model fits the empirical data well, with a chi-square statistic of 1514, 573 degrees of freedom (p= .001), a relative chi-square of 2.642, a comparative fit index of .950, a Tucker-Lewis index of .955, a standard mean square error of .0665, a root mean square error of approximation of .0740, and a 90% confidence interval for the root mean square error of approximation ranging from .0695 to .0785. There were a total of 36 questions, with standard component weights ranging from .544 to .895, which were statistically significant (p < .001). The reliability analysis showed a Cronbach's alpha coefficient of .940 for the entire assessment. Conclusions and Recommendations: The SS-SMS has good quality and psychological properties, including content validity, construct validity, and excellent overall reliability. Therefore, nurses and healthcare personnel can use this assessment to assess self-management in adults and older adult individuals with spinal stenosis.

زمینه و اهداف: تنگی کانال نخاعی یکی از مشکلات مهمی است که به طور مکرر در بزرگسالان و سالمندان در سراسر جهان رخ می‌دهد. ارزیابی مدیریت خود برای دستیابی به اهداف مدیریت خود اهمیت اساسی دارد. با این حال، در حال حاضر ابزار پژوهشی خاصی برای ارزیابی مدیریت خود مرتبط با تنگی کانال نخاعی در بزرگسالان و سالمندان وجود ندارد. بنابراین، این مطالعه با هدف توسعه و ارزیابی ویژگی‌های روان‌سنجی یک ابزار ارزیابی مدیریت خود برای تنگی کانال نخاعی انجام شد. روش‌ها: طرح پژوهش شامل توسعه و ارزیابی ویژگی‌های روان‌سنجی مقیاس مدیریت خود در تنگی کانال نخاعی (SS-SMS) با استفاده از نظریه مدیریت خود Lorig و Holman (2003) و مرور متون، و پیروی از فرآیند توسعه و ارزیابی ویژگی‌های روان‌سنجی ابزارهای پژوهشی بر اساس مفاهیم DeVellis و Thorpe (2022) بود. مراحل شامل: ۱) توسعه ابزار پژوهش که شامل (۱.۱) تعیین آنچه باید سنجیده شود از طریق تعریف اصطلاحات و تعیین مؤلفه‌ها در هر حوزه، (۱.۲) ایجاد مجموعه اولیه ۵۰ سؤال برای ارزیابی، و (۱.۳) تعیین قالب سنجش؛ و ۲) ارزیابی ویژگی‌های روان‌سنجی ابزار پژوهش که شامل (۲.۱) روایی محتوایی توسط ۷ نفر از خبرگان، (۲.۲) مصاحبه‌های شناختی با ۶ نفر از بزرگسالان و سالمندان درباره مجموعه اولیه سؤالات و آزمون پایایی با ۳۰ نفر، (۲.۳) بازبینی کیفیت سؤالات، (۲.۴) تعیین حجم نمونه برای آزمون روایی ساختاری که شامل ۳۰۰ نفر از بزرگسالان و سالمندان مبتلا به تنگی کانال نخاعی با نمونه‌گیری تصادفی ساده بدون جایگزینی بود، (۲.۵) ارزیابی سؤالات از طریق بررسی روایی ساختاری و آزمون پایایی ابزار جدید، و (۲.۶) بررسی طول ابزار ارزیابی بود. تحلیل داده‌ها شامل آمار توصیفی، تحلیل عاملی اکتشافی، تحلیل عاملی تأییدی و ضریب آلفای کرونباخ بود. نتایج: یافته‌های پژوهش نشان داد که مقیاس مدیریت خود در تنگی کانال نخاعی (SS-SMS) در بزرگسالان و سالمندان شامل ۳۶ گویه و با استفاده از مقیاس لیکرت ۶ درجه‌ای سنجیده شد. شاخص روایی محتوایی برای هر گویه بین ۰.۸۶۰ تا ۱.۰۰۰ و شاخص کلی روایی محتوایی ۰.۹۷۱ بود. روایی ساختاری با تحلیل عاملی اکتشافی، ۷ مؤلفه را نشان داد: ۱) مدیریت نقش، ۲) مدیریت هیجانی، ۳) مدیریت پزشکی، ۴) مدیریت علائم، ۵) ارتباط، ۶) مدیریت وضعیت بدن و ورزش، و ۷) تغذیه. وزن مؤلفه‌ها بین ۰.۴۴۶ تا ۰.۸۴۱ بود که از نظر آماری معنادار بود (p < ۰.۰۰۱). مجموع مؤلفه‌ها ۶۶.۰۸۵ درصد از واریانس تجمعی را تبیین کردند. تحلیل عاملی تأییدی نیز ۷ مؤلفه را شناسایی کرد و مدل برازش مناسبی با داده‌های تجربی داشت: آماره کای‌دو ۱۵۱۴، ۵۷۳ درجه آزادی (p= ۰.۰۰۱)، کای‌دو نسبی ۲.۶۴۲، شاخص برازش تطبیقی ۰.۹۵۰، شاخص Tucker-Lewis برابر با ۰.۹۵۵، خطای استاندارد میانگین مربعات ۰.۰۶۶۵، ریشه میانگین مربعات خطای تقریب ۰.۰۷۴۰ و فاصله اطمینان ۹۰٪ برای ریشه میانگین مربعات خطای تقریب بین ۰.۰۶۹۵ تا ۰.۰۷۸۵ بود. در مجموع ۳۶ سؤال با وزن استاندارد مؤلفه‌ها بین ۰.۵۴۴ تا ۰.۸۹۵ وجود داشت که از نظر آماری معنادار بود (p < ۰.۰۰۱). تحلیل پایایی نشان داد که ضریب آلفای کرونباخ برای کل ابزار ۰.۹۴۰ بود. نتیجه‌گیری و پیشنهادها: SS-SMS از کیفیت و ویژگی‌های روان‌سنجی مطلوبی از جمله روایی محتوایی، روایی ساختاری و پایایی کلی عالی برخوردار است. بنابراین، پرستاران و کارکنان مراقبت‌های بهداشتی می‌توانند از این ابزار برای ارزیابی مدیریت خود در بزرگسالان و سالمندان مبتلا به تنگی کانال نخاعی استفاده کنند.

This study was motivated by the need for effective management of teachers' professional competence to improve the quality of education at the elementary school level, particularly at SD Negeri 2 Rantau Pauh and SD Negeri Kampung Durian in Rantau Subdistrict, Aceh Tamiang Regency. The management of teachers' professional competence is considered crucial due to the existing variations in teachers' abilities in lesson planning, classroom instruction, and the use of evaluation results as a basis for instructional improvement. Therefore, this study focuses on the planning, implementation, evaluation, and follow-up of professional competence management in improving the quality of education. This research employed a qualitative approach with a descriptive research design. Data were collected through interviews, observations, and documentation. The research subjects included principals, teachers, and school committee members. Data analysis was conducted through data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing, while data validity was ensured through source and technique triangulation. The results of the study indicate that: (1) the planning of teachers' professional competence management was based on the results of classroom supervision, student learning outcomes, and the school quality report, although it was implemented gradually due to limited resources; (2) the implementation of professional competence development was carried out adaptively through internal school strengthening strategies, such as direct mentoring, peer learning, reflective discussions, and the utilization of the Teacher Working Group (KKG), even though external training had not been evenly attended by all teachers; (3) the evaluation of teachers' professional competence emphasized reflection on teaching practices and professional responsibility, rather than being solely oriented toward fulfilling instructional administrative requirements; and (4) follow-up actions were implemented through continuous guidance and mentoring using a humanistic coaching approach, although they were not yet fully supported by systematic written follow-up plans. These findings indicate that the contextual, adaptive, and sustainable management of teachers' professional competence can support the improvement of educational quality at the elementary school level.

این پژوهش با انگیزهٔ نیاز به مدیریت مؤثر شایستگی حرفه‌ای معلمان به منظور بهبود کیفیت آموزش در سطح مدارس ابتدایی، به ویژه در دبستان دولتی شماره ۲ رانتائو پائوه و دبستان دولتی کامپونگ دوریان در بخش رانتائو شهرستان آچه تامیانگ انجام شده است. مدیریت شایستگی حرفه‌ای معلمان به دلیل وجود تفاوت‌هایی در توانایی معلمان در برنامه‌ریزی درسی، تدریس در کلاس و استفاده از نتایج ارزشیابی به عنوان مبنایی برای بهبود آموزش، امری حیاتی تلقی می‌شود. بنابراین، این پژوهش بر برنامه‌ریزی، اجرا، ارزشیابی و پیگیری مدیریت شایستگی حرفه‌ای در ارتقای کیفیت آموزش تمرکز دارد. این پژوهش با رویکرد کیفی و طرح پژوهش توصیفی انجام شده است. داده‌ها از طریق مصاحبه، مشاهده و اسناد جمع‌آوری گردید. شرکت‌کنندگان پژوهش شامل مدیران مدارس، معلمان و اعضای انجمن اولیا و مربیان بودند. تحلیل داده‌ها از طریق کاهش داده، نمایش داده و نتیجه‌گیری انجام شد و روایی داده‌ها از طریق مثلث‌سازی منبع و روش تضمین گردید. نتایج پژوهش نشان می‌دهد: (۱) برنامه‌ریزی مدیریت شایستگی حرفه‌ای معلمان بر اساس نتایج نظارت کلاسی، نتایج یادگیری دانش‌آموزان و گزارش کیفیت مدرسه انجام شده است، هرچند به دلیل محدودیت منابع به‌تدریج اجرا شده است؛ (۲) اجرای توسعه شایستگی حرفه‌ای به صورت تطبیقی از طریق راهبردهای تقویت داخلی مدرسه مانند راهنمایی مستقیم، یادگیری همتا، بحث‌های بازتابی و بهره‌گیری از گروه کاری معلمان (KKG) انجام شده است، هرچند همه معلمان به طور یکنواخت در آموزش‌های بیرونی شرکت نکرده‌اند؛ (۳) ارزشیابی شایستگی حرفه‌ای معلمان بر بازتاب در شیوه‌های تدریس و مسئولیت حرفه‌ای تأکید داشته است و صرفاً معطوف به انجام الزامات اداری آموزشی نبوده است؛ و (۴) اقدامات پیگیری از طریق راهنمایی و مشاوره مستمر با رویکرد مربیگری انسانی انجام شده است، هرچند هنوز به طور کامل توسط برنامه‌های پیگیری مکتوب و نظام‌مند پشتیبانی نمی‌شود. این یافته‌ها نشان می‌دهد که مدیریت زمینه‌مند، تطبیقی و پایدار شایستگی حرفه‌ای معلمان می‌تواند از ارتقای کیفیت آموزش در سطح ابتدایی حمایت کند.

The rapid development of digital technology has significantly affected the character formation of students, as the unfiltered flow of information risks eroding the moral values of the younger generation, while Indonesia's high internet penetration rate has not been matched by adequate digital empowerment readiness. This study aims to analyze and map the concept of digital literacy from an Islamic education perspective and its relevance to character formation of students in the digital era. The research employs a descriptive qualitative approach with a library research design, drawing on nationally and internationally indexed journal articles and relevant institutional reports as data sources, analyzed through content analysis and source triangulation. The findings reveal that digital literacy from an Islamic education perspective is multidimensional, encompassing technical-cognitive, ethical-spiritual, and institutional-pedagogical dimensions, in which Islamic values such as honesty, trustworthiness (amanah), and verification of information (tabayyun) serve as a relevant foundation for strengthening digital media ethics. Islamic Religious Education holds a strategic role as a value counterbalance amid extensive digital content exposure, although a gap remains between the ideal values pursued and the readiness of their implementation in practice. This study recommends developing digital literacy teaching materials that explicitly integrate Islamic values and strengthening educators' capacity to respond to the contemporary digital landscape, while also opening avenues for further empirical research to measure the effectiveness of such integrative models.

رشد سریع فناوری دیجیتال تأثیر قابل توجهی بر شکل‌گیری شخصیت دانش‌آموزان داشته است؛ چرا که جریان بی‌فیلتر اطلاعات، خطر فرسایش ارزش‌های اخلاقی نسل جوان را به همراه دارد، در حالی که نرخ بالای نفوذ اینترنت در اندونزی با آمادگی کافی برای توانمندسازی دیجیتال همراه نبوده است. هدف این پژوهش تحلیل و ترسیم مفهوم سواد دیجیتال از منظر آموزش اسلامی و ارتباط آن با شکل‌گیری شخصیت دانش‌آموزان در عصر دیجیتال است. این پژوهش با رویکرد کیفی توصیفی و با طرح پژوهش کتابخانه‌ای انجام شده است و از مقالات مجلات نمایه‌شده ملی و بین‌المللی و گزارش‌های نهادی مرتبط به عنوان منابع داده بهره گرفته و داده‌ها از طریق تحلیل محتوا و مثلث‌سازی منابع تحلیل شده‌اند. یافته‌ها نشان می‌دهد که سواد دیجیتال از منظر آموزش اسلامی چندبعدی است و ابعاد فنی-شناختی، اخلاقی-معنوی و نهادی-تربیتی را دربرمی‌گیرد، به طوری که ارزش‌های اسلامی همچون صداقت، امانت‌داری (امانه) و راستی‌آزمایی اطلاعات (تبیین) به عنوان بنیانی مرتبط برای تقویت اخلاق رسانه‌های دیجیتال عمل می‌کنند. آموزش دینی اسلامی نقش راهبردی به عنوان موازنه ارزشی در مواجهه با حجم گسترده محتوای دیجیتال ایفا می‌کند، هرچند همچنان فاصله‌ای میان ارزش‌های ایده‌آل مورد نظر و آمادگی برای اجرای عملی آن‌ها وجود دارد. این پژوهش توصیه می‌کند که مواد آموزشی سواد دیجیتال با ادغام صریح ارزش‌های اسلامی توسعه یابد و ظرفیت معلمان برای پاسخگویی به چشم‌انداز معاصر دیجیتال تقویت شود و همچنین زمینه‌ای برای پژوهش‌های تجربی بیشتر به منظور سنجش اثربخشی چنین الگوهای تلفیقی فراهم گردد.

Abstract Educational inequality remains a pervasive and deeply entrenched global issue, with youth from vulnerable and marginalised backgrounds disproportionately affected. Despite the significant challenges that hinder the academic progress of many young people, often reinforcing cycles of social exclusion and economic vulnerability, some students demonstrate the capacity to excel academically, effectively defying the odds. This study seeks to examine the key structural and interpersonal factors that enable such students to achieve positive educational trajectories. Adopting a qualitative narrative research design, the research draws on two sets of semi‐structured interviews with both young people from vulnerable backgrounds and adults who played a role in their educational success ( n = 16). Findings identify four broad categories of factors shaping student success: (1) personal attributes such as resilience, intrinsic motivation, clear goals and a strong sense of purpose; (2) parental expectations and support; (3) teachers' emotional support, involvement and constructive feedback and (4) peer support. Of these, two factors emerged as consistently significant across all cases. First, parental expectations, underpinned by trust in their child's abilities and a high valuation of education, proved essential. Second, the depth and longevity of student–teacher relationships were crucial, with teachers' emotional investment, trust and sustained support providing enduring sources of motivation and encouragement. These insights have important implications for schools, teacher education and policy development. Schools should foster inclusive, high‐expectations cultures with long‐term mentoring and structured peer integration promoting cross‐cultural interaction. Teacher education, in initial and continuing training, should include socio‐emotional learning and pedagogical strategies for non‐native language learners. Context and implications Rationale for the study: Previous research has typically examined either the perspectives of disadvantaged young people or those of professionals supporting them, often focusing on barriers and deficits. This study brings together both viewpoints to identify the key factors, relationships and supports that enable successful outcomes for young people in contexts where early school leaving is prevalent. Why the new findings matter: Our findings suggest that educational success among disadvantaged young people is shaped by interconnected support systems rather than individual effort alone. Strong parental belief in education and meaningful teacher–student relationships are central to resilience, reinforced by academic, social and community supports that enabled positive educational outcomes. Implications for practitioners and policymakers: Schools need to prioritise mentoring, inclusive cultures and structured cross‐cultural peer activities to strengthen belonging and aspiration. Teacher education and professional development should embed socio‐emotional learning, strategies for supporting multilingual learners and approaches that sustain high expectations in disadvantaged contexts. Policymakers should sustain and strengthen financial supports that enable disadvantaged students to access higher education, ensuring they keep pace with rising participation costs. Increased investment in schools serving disadvantaged communities is also needed to support meaningful family engagement and strengthen home–school relationships that foster resilience and educational success.

چکیده نابرابری آموزشی همچنان یک مسئلهٔ فراگیر و عمیقاً ریشه‌دار جهانی است که جوانان با پیشینه‌های آسیب‌پذیر و به حاشیه رانده‌شده به طور نامتناسبی تحت تأثیر آن قرار می‌گیرند. علی‌رغم چالش‌های قابل توجهی که پیشرفت تحصیلی بسیاری از جوانان را مختل می‌کند و اغلب چرخه‌های طرد اجتماعی و آسیب‌پذیری اقتصادی را تقویت می‌نماید، برخی دانش‌آموزان توانایی درخشش تحصیلی را نشان می‌دهند و عملاً بر خلاف انتظارات عمل می‌کنند. این مطالعه به بررسی عوامل کلیدی ساختاری و بین‌فردی می‌پردازد که به چنین دانش‌آموزانی امکان می‌دهد مسیرهای آموزشی مثبتی را طی کنند. با اتخاذ رویکرد پژوهش روایتی کیفی، این پژوهش بر دو مجموعه مصاحبه نیمه‌ساختاریافته با جوانان دارای پیشینه آسیب‌پذیر و بزرگسالانی که در موفقیت تحصیلی آنان نقش داشته‌اند (n = 16) تکیه دارد. یافته‌ها چهار دسته کلی از عوامل مؤثر بر موفقیت دانش‌آموزان را شناسایی می‌کند: (1) ویژگی‌های فردی مانند تاب‌آوری، انگیزش درونی، اهداف روشن و حس قوی هدفمندی؛ (2) انتظارات و حمایت والدین؛ (3) حمایت عاطفی، مشارکت و بازخورد سازنده معلمان و (4) حمایت همسالان. از میان این عوامل، دو عامل در تمامی موارد به طور مداوم معنادار بودند. نخست، انتظارات والدین که مبتنی بر اعتماد به توانایی‌های فرزند و ارزش‌گذاری بالای آموزش بود، اساسی تلقی شد. دوم، عمق و پایداری روابط دانش‌آموز–معلم حیاتی بود، به‌طوری‌که سرمایه‌گذاری عاطفی، اعتماد و حمایت مستمر معلمان، منابع پایداری از انگیزه و تشویق فراهم می‌کرد. این یافته‌ها پیامدهای مهمی برای مدارس، آموزش معلمان و توسعه سیاست‌ها دارند. مدارس باید فرهنگ‌های فراگیر با انتظارات بالا، همراه با نظام‌های مشاوره بلندمدت و ادغام ساختاریافته همسالان برای ترویج تعامل میان‌فرهنگی را تقویت کنند. آموزش معلمان، چه در دوره‌های اولیه و چه ضمن خدمت، باید شامل یادگیری اجتماعی–عاطفی و راهبردهای آموزشی برای زبان‌آموزان غیر بومی باشد. زمینه و پیامدها توجیه مطالعه: پژوهش‌های پیشین معمولاً یا دیدگاه جوانان محروم یا دیدگاه حرفه‌ای‌هایی که از آنان حمایت می‌کنند را بررسی کرده‌اند و اغلب بر موانع و کمبودها تمرکز داشته‌اند. این مطالعه هر دو دیدگاه را گرد هم می‌آورد تا عوامل کلیدی، روابط و حمایت‌هایی را که موفقیت جوانان را در زمینه‌هایی که ترک تحصیل زودهنگام رایج است، امکان‌پذیر می‌سازد، شناسایی کند. اهمیت یافته‌های جدید: یافته‌های ما نشان می‌دهد که موفقیت تحصیلی جوانان محروم توسط نظام‌های حمایتی به هم پیوسته شکل می‌گیرد و نه صرفاً تلاش فردی. باور قوی والدین به آموزش و روابط معنادار معلم–دانش‌آموز در مرکز تاب‌آوری قرار دارند و توسط حمایت‌های تحصیلی، اجتماعی و اجتماعی–محلی که نتایج مثبت آموزشی را ممکن می‌سازند، تقویت می‌شوند. پیامدها برای متخصصان و سیاست‌گذاران: مدارس باید مشاوره، فرهنگ‌های فراگیر و فعالیت‌های ساختاریافته همسالان میان‌فرهنگی را برای تقویت حس تعلق و آرمان‌گرایی در اولویت قرار دهند. آموزش معلمان و توسعه حرفه‌ای باید یادگیری اجتماعی–عاطفی، راهبردهای حمایت از زبان‌آموزان چندزبانه و رویکردهایی که انتظارات بالا را در زمینه‌های محروم حفظ می‌کنند، دربرگیرد. سیاست‌گذاران باید حمایت‌های مالی را که امکان دسترسی دانش‌آموزان محروم به آموزش عالی را فراهم می‌کند، حفظ و تقویت نمایند تا با افزایش هزینه‌های مشارکت همگام باشد. همچنین افزایش سرمایه‌گذاری در مدارسی که به جوامع محروم خدمت می‌کنند، برای حمایت از مشارکت معنادار خانواده و تقویت روابط خانه–مدرسه که تاب‌آوری و موفقیت تحصیلی را پرورش می‌دهد، ضروری است.

The integration of emerging biomedical research into higher education offers opportunities to develop scientific reasoning, biotechnology literacy, and innovation-oriented competencies. This study explores the potential of Challenge-Based Learning (CBL) through breast-milk-derived bioactive peptides and cancer research as an authentic context for biotechnology education. A qualitative descriptive research design is employed, involving students from biotechnology, biology, biomedical science, or related higher education programs. Data are collected through students’ written reflections, group discussions, and proposed solutions developed during structured learning activities. The data are analyzed thematically to examine three dimensions: biotechnology literacy and understanding of scientific evidence, scientific reasoning and critical thinking, and biomedical innovation and responsible problem-solving. The study positions breast-milk-derived bioactive compounds as a context for examining molecular biology, evaluating experimental and clinical evidence, and understanding the translation of scientific discoveries into potential therapeutic applications. Rather than treating emerging biomedical research as established clinical practice, the learning framework emphasizes scientific accuracy, recognition of uncertainty, and ethical responsibility. This study is expected to contribute to biotechnology education by providing insights into the use of authentic biomedical challenges to support interdisciplinary learning and responsible innovation. The findings may inform the design of educational activities that connect scientific knowledge with contemporary biomedical research without requiring specialized laboratory facilities.

ادغام پژوهش‌های نوین زیست‌پزشکی در آموزش عالی فرصت‌هایی را برای توسعه استدلال علمی، سواد زیست‌فناوری و شایستگی‌های نوآورانه فراهم می‌کند. این مطالعه پتانسیل یادگیری مبتنی بر چالش (CBL) را از طریق پپتیدهای زیست‌فعال مشتق‌شده از شیر مادر و پژوهش سرطان به عنوان بستری اصیل برای آموزش زیست‌فناوری بررسی می‌کند. طرح پژوهش توصیفی کیفی به کار گرفته شده و دانشجویان رشته‌های زیست‌فناوری، زیست‌شناسی، علوم زیست‌پزشکی یا برنامه‌های مرتبط آموزش عالی را دربر می‌گیرد. داده‌ها از طریق تأملات مکتوب دانشجویان، بحث‌های گروهی و راه‌حل‌های پیشنهادی که طی فعالیت‌های آموزشی ساختارمند توسعه یافته‌اند، گردآوری می‌شوند. داده‌ها به صورت تماتیک تحلیل می‌شوند تا سه بُعد را بررسی کنند: سواد زیست‌فناوری و درک شواهد علمی، استدلال علمی و تفکر انتقادی، و نوآوری زیست‌پزشکی و حل مسئله مسئولانه. این مطالعه ترکیبات زیست‌فعال مشتق‌شده از شیر مادر را به عنوان بستری برای بررسی زیست‌شناسی مولکولی، ارزیابی شواهد تجربی و بالینی، و درک ترجمه کشفیات علمی به کاربردهای درمانی بالقوه مطرح می‌کند. به جای تلقی پژوهش‌های نوین زیست‌پزشکی به عنوان عمل بالینی تثبیت‌شده، چارچوب یادگیری بر دقت علمی، شناسایی عدم قطعیت و مسئولیت اخلاقی تأکید دارد. انتظار می‌رود این مطالعه با ارائه بینش‌هایی درباره استفاده از چالش‌های اصیل زیست‌پزشکی برای حمایت از یادگیری میان‌رشته‌ای و نوآوری مسئولانه، به آموزش زیست‌فناوری کمک کند. یافته‌ها می‌توانند طراحی فعالیت‌های آموزشی را که دانش علمی را به پژوهش‌های معاصر زیست‌پزشکی پیوند می‌دهند، بدون نیاز به امکانات تخصصی آزمایشگاهی، اطلاع‌رسانی کنند.